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Guarulhos () is a Brazilian
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
. It is the second most populous city in the Brazilian
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...
of
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
, the 13th most populous city in Brazil, and is also the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. In the last few years it has outgrown
Campinas Campinas (, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows'') is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,213,792, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian ...
. It is part of the
Metropolitan Region of São Paulo Metropolitan may refer to: * Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories * Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England * Metropolitan county, a ...
. Its population is 1,221,927 with an area of 318.68 km2.


Overview

The name comes from the
Tupi language Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi (also spelled as Tupí) is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. It belongs to the ...
, and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area. It ranks eighth by GDP among Brazilian cities; second in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the tenth largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793.
São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U ...
(GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos The Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos ( la, Dioecesis Guaruliensis) is a diocese located in the city of Guarulhos in the Ecclesiastical province of São Paulo in Brazil. History * 30 January 1981: Established as Diocese of Guarulhos from the D ...
. The municipality contains part of the Cantareira State Park, created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply. It also contains part of the
Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area The Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area ( pt, Área de Proteção Ambiental Mananciais da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Sul) is an environmental protection area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Location Th ...
, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the
Paraíba do Sul The Paraíba do Sul (), or simply termed Paraíba, is a river in southeast Brazil. It flows west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos dos Goytacazes. The river receives its name when ...
river.


History

Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a wild tribe of Indians that lived in that region. In the 16th Century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and surrounded by the rivers Tietê (south), and Cabuçu (east). On that same period was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays São Miguel Paulista District. In 1880, Guarulhos was emancipated from São Paulo and named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos was adopted later, after the enactment of the law # 1.021, on November 6, 1906. At the beginning of the twentieth century the city was remarked by the settlement of railroads and the power electricity system (Light & Power C.O.), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone system, industrial buildings permits, by commercial activities and public transportation. During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the Federal Intervention, and the Constitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil). In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library is founded, in 1941 the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos is established. On that decade arrive in the municipality Industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks and leather. In 1945 the São Paulo's Air Base (BASP) was transferred from the Campo de Marte, a little airport in São Paulo, to Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos. In 1958 the Rotary Club establishes a branch in the city. The
Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos The Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos is a public educational institution of study and training of music, managed by the municipal government of the city of Guarulhos in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The school provides courses in singing, ...
is founded in 1961. In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos is founded, nowadays the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE). With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled themselves in urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo. In 1985 the Cumbica Airport is opened. Today it is called "International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America. Between 2000 and 2006 its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to IBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo Capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.


Notable residents

*
Rebeca Andrade Rebeca Rodrigues de Andrade (born 8 May 1999) is a Brazilian artistic gymnast. She is the 2020 Olympic and 2021 World champion on the vault and 2022 World all-around champion. Andrade is the first Brazilian female gymnast to medal at an Olym ...
, gymnast *
Any Gabrielly Any Gabrielly Rolim Soares is a Brazilian singer, actress, songwriter, voice actress and dancer. She is best known for voicing Moana in the Brazilian dub of the 2016 film '' Moana''. Any was also a former member of the global pop group Now Unit ...
, singer, dancer and actress *
Marques Batista de Abreu Marques Batista de Abreu (born February 12, 1973), or simply Marques, is a former Brazilian striker. In 2003, when Marques was playing for Nagoya Grampus Eight he was ranked 2nd highest assists in J1 League as he had 10 assists and was beaten b ...
, footballer and, beginning in 2011, politician *
Cristiano Marques Gomes Cristiano Marques Gomes (born 3 June 1977), or simply Cris, is a Brazilian football manager and a former player who is the manager of Championnat National club Le Mans FC. Previously he was manager of GOAL FC, and spent three years as manager ...
, footballer *
Edson Ribeiro Edson may refer to: Places Canada * Edson, Alberta United States * Edson, Kansas, an unincorporated community * Edson, South Dakota, a ghost town * Edson, Wisconsin, a town ** Edson (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community People ...
, sprinter *
Mamonas Assassinas Mamonas Assassinas was a Brazilian satirical rock band. Their musical style employed a humorous mixture between rock and a wide range of styles, often borrowing elements from other music, among which were the main riff of the Portuguese Vira (" ...
, rock band from the 1990s *
David Braz David Braz de Oliveira Filho (born 21 May 1987), known as David Braz, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Fluminense as a central defender. Club career Palmeiras Born in Guarulhos, São Paulo, Braz graduated with Palmeiras' youth setup. He m ...
, footballer *
Gabriel Martinelli Gabriel Teodoro Martinelli Silva (born 18 June 2001), known as Gabriel Martinelli, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Arsenal and the Brazil national team. Born and raised in Guarulhos, Martinelli began h ...
, footballer *
Jaimerson Xavier Jaimerson da Silva Xavier or simply Jaime Xavier (born 26 February 1990) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Indonesian club Persis Solo. He has previously played for Portuguesa and Joinville. Career Jaime bega ...
, footballer *
David da Silva David Aparecido da Silva (born 12 November 1989), commonly known as David da Silva, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga 1 club Persib Bandung. Career Shelbourne On 11 August 2011, Da Silva signed a contract ...
, footballer * Raffa Moreira, rapper * Gideon Greenberg, accountant and financial controller


Climate

Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The
Köppen Climate Classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
subtype for this climate is " Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).


Transportation

The main highway to serve Guarulhos is the
Rodovia Presidente Dutra The Rodovia Presidente Dutra, (BR-116 – or SP-060 in the state of São Paulo), colloquially known as Via Dutra is a federal highway which runs through the eastern part of the state of São Paulo and southwestern region of the state of Rio ...
, from São Paulo to
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
. In 2018, the
Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos , owner = São Paulo State Government , area served = Greater São Paulo, Brazil , transit_type = Commuter rail , lines = 5 , line_number = , st ...
commuter rail Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Generally commuter rail systems are con ...
system's Line 13–Jade was opened, connecting
São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U. ...
with Engenheiro Goulart. In 2021, construction will begin on the first line of the
São Paulo Metro The São Paulo Metro ( pt, Metrô de São Paulo, ), commonly called the ''Metrô'' () is one of the urban railways that serves the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company (CPTM), forming the largest metropolit ...
to serve Guarulhos, Line 19–Sky Blue. São Paulo Air Force Base - BASP, a base of the
Brazilian Air Force "Wings that protect the country" , colours = , colours_label = , march = Hino dos Aviadores , mascot = , anniversaries = 22 May (anniver ...
, is located in Guarulhos.


See also

* List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population


References


External links

*
Locação de Galpões em Guarulhos
*
Estacionamento Aeroporto Guarulhos
*

. *
City Hall of Guarulhos
. *
Guia de Guarulhos
*
Guarulhos
*
- Guarulhos Online
*
- Guia Guarulhos de Negócios
*
Encontra Guarulhos - Find everything about Guarulhos city
*
Portal de Guarulhos - Portal of Guarulhos City
{{Authority control Populated places established in 1560