''Gymnopilus braendlei'' is a
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
agaric
An agaric () is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. In the UK, agarics are called "mushrooms ...
fungus in the family
Hymenogastraceae
The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus ''Psilocybe' ...
that contains the
hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized ...
psilocybin
Psilocybin ( , ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi. The most potent are members of the genus ''Psilocybe'', such as '' P. azurescens'', '' P. semilanceata'', and '' P.&nbs ...
and
psilocin
Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, 4-hydroxy DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counte ...
.
[ (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto)] It was originally
described by mycologist
Charles Horton Peck
Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fun ...
as ''Flammula braendlei'', from specimens found in the
District of Columbia
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
in 1902.
Description
*
Pileus: 2.5–5 cm, hemispheric becoming convex, sometimes slightly
umbilicate,
hygrophanous
The adjective hygrophanous refers to the color change of mushroom tissue (especially the pileus surface) as it loses or absorbs water, which causes the pileipellis to become more transparent when wet and opaque when dry.
When identifying hygrop ...
, purplish when young then pinkish and lighter towards the margin, becoming yellowish in age with greenish stains, fibrillose, sometimes
squamulose
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "ski ...
toward the center, flesh whitish, thin, staining greenish.
*Gills: Adnate, sometimes slightly sinuate in attachment, broad, close, whitish when young, becoming bright orangish brown to mustard yellow, becoming bright orangish brown in age.
*Spore print: Orangish brown.
*
Stipe: 2.5–4 cm x 3–4 cm thick, more or less equal, pallid, sometimes yellowish at the base, fibrillose above, stuffed or hollow, veil fibrillose, sometimes leaving a silky zone but not forming an
annulus
Annulus (or anulus) or annular indicates a ring- or donut-shaped area or structure. It may refer to:
Human anatomy
* ''Anulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis'', spinal structure
* Annulus of Zinn, a.k.a. annular tendon or ''anulus tendineus com ...
.
*Taste: Bitter
*Microscopic features: Spores 6 x 8.5 x 4.5—5
µm ellipsoid to ovoid in face view,
dextrinoid
In mycology a tissue or feature is said to be amyloid if it has a positive amyloid reaction when subjected to a crude chemical test using iodine as an ingredient of either Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution, producing a blue to blue-black staini ...
,
verruculose, no germ pore.
Pleurocystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...
22—33 x 6—7
µm, cheilocystidia 20—34 x 3—7
µm, no caulocystidia,
clamp connection
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...
s present.
*Bruising: Green or blue bruising at the base or on the
pileus, and green spots on pileus likely.
Distribution and habitat
''Gymnopilus braendlei'' is found growing solitary or cespitose on tree stumps from June to November.
It is widespread in the eastern U.S, and present in the western U.S.
See also
*
List of ''Gymnopilus'' species
References
*Peck CH. (1904). New species of fungi. ''Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club'' 31(4): 177–182.
* Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5624734
braendlei
Entheogens
Psychoactive fungi
Psychedelic tryptamine carriers
Fungi of the United States
Fungi described in 1904
Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck