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Guiyang (; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), historically rendered as Kweiyang, is the capital of
Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
province of the
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, sli ...
. It is located in the center of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and on the north bank of the Nanming River, a branch of the Wu River. The city has an
elevation The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § ...
of about . It has an area of . At the 2020 census, its population was 5,987,018, out of whom 4,506,134 lived in the six urban districts. A city with humid subtropical climate, Guiyang is surrounded by mountains and forest. The area, inhabited since at least the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
, formally became the capital of the surrounding province in 1413, during the Yuan dynasty. The city is home to a large Miao and Bouyei ethnic minority population. Guiyang has a diversified economy, traditionally a center for aluminum production, phosphate mining, and optical instrument manufacturing. Following reforms, the majority of the city's economic output in the services sector. Since 2015, it has seen targeted investments into big data and quickly emerged as a local innovation hub. Guiyang is one of the top 500 science cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index. The city is also home to Guizhou University, a national
research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are the most important sites at which knowledge production occurs, along with "intergenerational kno ...
under the Project 211 and under the Double First Class Status in certain disciplines.


History

The valley approximating present-day Guiyang has been inhabited since the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
. Guiyang was a 7th-century military outpost under the Sui and Tang, when the area around it was known as Juzhou (). It grew into a city named Shunyuan () under the Mongolian Yuan dynasty sometime between their 1279 southwestern campaigns and 1283. By the time
Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
became a full province in 1413, its capital at Guiyang was also known as Guizhou. It became a prefectural seat under the Ming and Qing. Guiyang grew rapidly during the development of the southwest that occurred after the Japanese invasion of China during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. It has also grown rapidly since
Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. Aft ...
's economic reforms reached it in the 1990s.


Geography

The city's heart is around the Dashizi (), a "big cross", and Penshuichi (, literally "Fountain Pool"), a
traffic intersection An intersection or an at-grade junction is a junction where two or more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height, as opposed to an interchange, which uses bridges or tunnels to separate different roads. Major intersections a ...
, in the center of which there was a large fountain until early 2010, when it was paved over for better traffic.


Climate

Guiyang has a four-season,
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...
-influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen: ''Cwa''), tempered by its low latitude and high elevation. It has cool winters and moderate-temperature summers; the majority of the year's of precipitation occurs from May to July. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean is . Rain is common throughout the year, with occasional flurries in winter. With monthly possible sunshine ranging from 12% in January to 41% in August, the city receives only 1150 hours of sunshine, making it one of China's least sunny major cities. Average monthly
relative humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity dep ...
is consistently above 75% throughout the year. The moderate temperature together with other factors including air quality, wind speed, etc. made Guiyang to be ranked No.2 in the "Top 10 Summer Capitals of China".


Administrative divisions

The entire Guiyang municipality currently consists of six districts, one county-level city and three counties. The districts are Nanming, Yunyan,
Huaxi Huaxi may refer to these places in China: * Western China * Huaxi District (花溪区), a district in Guiyang, Guizhou * Huaxi Village (华西村), a village in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Subdistricts *Huaxi Subdistrict, Chongqing (花溪街道), in Banan ...
, Wudang, Baiyun and Guanshanhu. The county-city is
Qingzhen :''The term ''Qingzhen'' can also refer to Chinese Muslims, Chinese Islamic cuisine or the Hui ethnic group.'' Qingzhen () is a county-level city under the administration of Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, China. It is located to the west ...
and the counties are
Kaiyang Kaiyang County () is a county of central Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of Guiyang City. Transport Kaiyang railway station is the terminus of the Guiyang–Kaiyang intercity railway The Guiyang–Kaiyang intercity rail ...
, Xifeng and Xiuwen. The Gui'an New District, a non-administrative economic project, is situated to the southwest of Guiyang. It crosses over into areas under the jurisdiction of the neighboring city of
Anshun Anshun () is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population o ...
.


Economy

Guiyang is the economic and commercial hub of Guizhou Province. In 2017, GDP for the Guiyang region totaled 353.8 billion yuan, with per capita GDP of 74,493 yuan ($10,720); the local economy is growing at the approximate pace of 10% per year. The city is also a large center for retail and wholesale commercial activities with operations of major domestic and international general retailers such as
Wal-Mart Walmart Inc. (; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquarte ...
, Carrefour, RT-Mart, Beijing Hualian, Parkson, and Xingli Group () as well as consumer electronics and appliance sellers Gome and Suning. Wholesale operations include large regional produce, furniture, and industrial and construction machinery depots. Wal-Mart's southwest China regional vegetable and produce distribution center is located in Guiyang. Foreign brands have penetrated Guiyang rapidly, including
McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food Fast food is a type of mass-produced food designed for commercial resale, with a strong priority placed on speed of service. It is a commercial term, limited to food sold ...
, Burger King, H&M, and
Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It is the world's largest coffeehouse chain. As of November 2021, the company had 33,833 stores in 80 ...
. Most of the time, they are located near the various shopping centers. The largest shopping centers are Hunter city plaza (), Huaguoyuan Shopping Center (), and Nanguohuajing (). Hydro-electric power generators are located along the city's main rivers including the Wu River. By 2007, the city's hydro electric plants supplied over 70% of the city's electricity.
Coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as stratum, rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen ...
is mined in the locality of Guiyang and
Anshun Anshun () is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population o ...
, and there are large thermal generating plants at Guiyang and Duyun, supplying
electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as describ ...
for a portion of the city's industry. A large iron and steel plant came into production in Guiyang in 1960, supplying the local machinery-manufacturing industry. Guiyang has a sizable domestic pharmaceuticals industry, producing traditional Chinese as well as Western medicines. Guiyang has also completed the first stage of city-wide free WiFi. In 2016, Guiyang was named as the Best-Performing City in China by the Milken Institute owing to the city's "growth in jobs, wages,
gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a money, monetary Measurement in economics, measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjec ...
(GDP)." Guizhou Province saw the third-fastest growth among China's 31 regional districts in the first half of the year, growing by 10.5%. This growth is attributed to Guiyang's investments in
computing Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, ...
and big data. Due to tax incentives and state support, multinational corporations such as Foxconn,
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation, multinational technology company, technology corporation producing Software, computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at th ...
, Huawei, Hyundai Motor, Tencent, Qualcomm and Alibaba have opened offices in Guiyang.


Demographics

Guiyang is populated by 23 different minorities, the most populous of which is the
Miao people The Miao are a group of linguistically-related peoples living in Southern China and Southeast Asia, who are recognized by the government of China as one of the 56 List of ethnic groups in China, official ethnic groups. The Miao live primarily in ...
and ethnic Han. , the total population of Guiyang municipality was 4.3 million, among which 2.9 million were urban residents.


Culture


Language

Besides ethnic minority languages such as Miao and Bouyei, the people of Guiyang speak a variety of Southwestern Mandarin. It differs from common Mandarin for the retroflex sounds it lacks. Compared to Mandarin which has five tones (four and a non-stressed tone), Guiyang's local language only has three tones. Many old characters from ancient China are still used within Guiyang's language, which sound like Korean or Japanese. For example, "" (to go) is pronounced as “kèi”, fourth tone, instead of the Mandarin pronunciation “qù” and 做(to do) is pronounced as “zo”, fourth tone,rather than the Mandarin pronunciation "zuo".


Cuisine

Provinces in China are known for the different specialities they offer, and Guiyang is most known for its spicy food as well as the following dishes: * Gaoba porridge (), a sweet dessert. * Fish in sour soup (), a Miao dish with roasted fish and various vegetables. * Huangba (), a sweet wrap made of rice that can be steamed or fried * Huaxi Vermicelli (), a dish that consists of beef vermicelli, that is frequently eaten as a breakfast in Guiyang. * Siwawa (), a dish that can be vegetarian or a mix of pork scraps and vegetables, where the ingredients are enclosed in rice wraps. * Ice jelly with sesame seeds and peanuts (), usually eaten in summer, with siwawa or barbecue * Intestines and blood noodles (), made up with pig's intestines and pig's blood. * Qingyan's pig's feet (), mostly found in the old town of Qingyan, pig's feet symbolize good luck.


Tourism

Being the capital of Guizhou, a very old and traditional province of China, Guiyang is shaped by its history, and still possesses many historical sites that attract many tourists: * The Jiaxiu Pavilion (): The Jiaxiu Pavilion is located in the southern tip of the Guiyang Nanming River, which is the city's emblem and its symbol. It was initially built in 1598 during the Ming Dynasty and was destroyed multiple times in history. It was being rebuilt most recently in 1982. * Qingyan Ancient Town (): Qingyan Ancient Town is located in the southern tip of Guiyang. It was originally built in the year 1378, during the Ming Dynasty. It is known its beautiful Chinese ancient architecture. * Xifeng Concentration Camp (): Xifeng Concentration Camp was the largest, highest-level prison of all the prisons set up by the Military commission of the KMT government during the
Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Thea ...
in 1937, and it was added by the state council to the list of major historical and cultural sites under state protection, in 1988. * Confucian Center (): the Confucian center is a non-public and educational organization affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. The Confucius Institute promotes and teaches Chinese culture and language around the world. The Confucian Temple, in the center of Qufu city, was built in 478 BC. *Xifeng Hot Spring (): Xifeng Hot Spring is located in the northeast of Xifeng County. The hot spring is surrounded by many mountains, upon which rich slopes grow a profusion of pines, firs, bamboos and other plants. This beautiful place has offered its advantages for sanatoriums, hospitals and villas. * Qianling Park (): Qianling Park, in the northwest part of Guiyang, takes its name from Mount Qianling, which is known as southern Guizhou's most majestic mountain. The park is covered with thick vegetation and old trees, with more than 1,500 types of flowers and trees, and at least 1,000 types of Medicinal herbs. The Hongfu Temple, built toward the end of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, is one of Guizhou's most famous temples. *Huaxi National Wetland Park (): Guiyang Huaxi national urban wetland Park is located in the north of downtown Guiyang's Huaxi district. It is one of the only urban Wetlands in the country. On the environmental aspect, it belongs to a subtropical humid climate of the plateau karst hilly region, based on Karst landform characteristics of the urban wetland park, its unique geographical location and geological structure form a rich variety of landscapes resources.


Nightlife

* Pubs and bars he most dynamic street in Guiyang is Qianling Donglu (), unironically called "Drinking Street," for the diversity and great numbers of pubs and bars that occupy it. In the province where Moutai comes from, an internationally well-known liquor, drinking tends to be a tradition. In Guiyang, beers are poured in small cups, and games – with dice or cards - are often necessary in order to drink. * Night markets When the night comes, street food flourishes everywhere in Guiyang, with its barbecue, grills and roasts. On Shaanxi Lu (), one can find mutton chops, baked snail, roast chicken. On Bo'ai Lu () mutton patties, beef pounder, glutinous rice, noodle rice, combine western and eastern food. On Xiaoshizi (), the crispy fried duck. * Night gaming traditions At night, the elderly usually prefer to indulge in outdoor games, games that are often quite ancient: Mahjong: a game made of bamboo, bone or plastics, each mahjong set consisting 136 tiles (about 3000 years old). Spinning top: A game mostly played by old men in public squares, that consists in whipping, with a cable, a kind of spinning top. Square dancing: middle aged and elderly people dance in the square to relax or exercise.


Transport

Transportation in Guiyang consists of an extensive network of roads, railways, river and air transport as well as public transportation system with bus system and many taxis.


Air

Guiyang is one of the important air transport hubs in Southwest China. Guiyang's main airport is the Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport (KWE) opened on May 28, 1997. It is located in east of Guiyang, away from the city center. In 2017, the airport handled over 18 million passengers; this is a three-fold increase in passenger traffic from 2010.


Metro

Guiyang Metro began construction in 2011. Line 1 began operation in December 2017. Line 2 began operation in April 2021.


Railway

Guiyang is a railway hub in southwest China. The Guizhou–Guangxi Railway (built in 1959, modified 2009), the Sichuan–Guizhou Railway (completed 1965), the Guiyang–Kunming Railway (completed 1970), and the Hunan–Guizhou Railway (completed 1975) intersect at Guiyang Railway Station. This main southern railway station was rebuilt in 2008. Since 2008, the city has seen rapid development of high-speed rail. The Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway,
Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line. It was built in stages and completed on 28 December 2016. It is part of the CRH's system of passenger-dedicated lines, beginning in Shanghai and ending in Kunming, the capit ...
and Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway began operations in quick succession. The explosion of high-speed rail development has dramatically decreased travel times to nearly all first-tier Chinese cities, including Beijing (8 hours), Shanghai (9 hours), Guangzhou (4.5 hours), Chengdu (4 hours) and Chongqing (~2 hours). The high speed railway lines provide rapid freight service from two rail yards, and passenger service from Guiyang North railway station, in the city's Guanshanhu District.


Expressway

The city is located at the junction of four major segments of the national highway grid: the Gui–Huang, Gui–Zun, Gui–Bi, and Gui–Xin Expressways. The Gui-Huang Expressway (G60) links Guiyang with the cities and tourist areas of central and western Guizhou including
Anshun Anshun () is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population o ...
, Guanling, and the Huangguoshu Waterfall. The expressway continues west to Yunnan Province as the Gui-Kun Expressway and terminates at Yunnan's capital city of
Kunming Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headqua ...
. G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway runs north to Zunyi and is the most heavily travelled major highway in Guiyang. In Zunyi, the expressway becomes the Zunyi-Chongqing Expressway and runs a further north to
Chongqing Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a municipality in Southwest China. The official abbreviation of the city, "" (), was approved by the State Cou ...
. G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway links Guiyang with the regional cities of Bijie and Dafang in northwest Guizhou province, southeastern Sichuan province, and the Sichuan cities of Luzhou, Neijiang, and Chengdu—Sichuan's provincial capital. The Gui–Bi Expressway begins at an interchange with the Gui–Zun Expressway in the city's
Xiuwen County Xiuwen County () is a county in central Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Guiyang Guiyang (; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), historically rendered as Kweiyang, is the capital of Guizhou provin ...
approximately north of the city center, before terminating at the city of Bijie. In the city of Dafang, approximately east of Bijie, the Gui–Bi Expressway connects with the new Sichuan–Guizhou Expressway, a modern highway providing access to Luzhou and central Sichuan. The Gui–Xin Expressway begins at the junction of the Guiyang Outer Ring Road (G75, G60.01) and the Tang Ba Guan Road, approximately southeast of the city center. The Gui–Xin Expressway (G60, G75) runs east and southeast through the
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guangxi (; ; alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam ...
(G76), passing through
Guilin Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
, before entering
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
, and terminating at
Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong ...
. Approximately east of Guiyang in the regional city of Kaili, the Hunan-Guizhou Expressway (G56, G60) links with the Gui–Xin Expressway providing high-speed vehicular access to and from Guiyang to the eastern Guizhou city of Tongren before continuing through
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
to the major cities of Huaihua, Changde, and
Changsha Changsha (; ; ; Changshanese pronunciation: (), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China. Changsha is the 17th most populous city in China with a population of over 10 million, and th ...
. The China National Highway 210 also runs through Guiyang via Xifeng and
Longli Longli County () is a county of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in central Guizhou Province, China. Area: . Population: 205,400 in 2003, including 78,300 population of minority ethnic groups Postal Code: 551200. Telephone Area ...
. In 2009 Guiyang added a modern orbital expressway to its highway network. The Guiyang Outer Ring Road (Guiyang Orbital Highway) opened in December 2009 and is a six- to eight-lane divided high-speed expressway that provides efficient links to and from large employment centers in the
Jinyang New District Guanshanhu District (), formerly the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ), is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, in Southwest China. Located to the northwest of Guiyang's city centre, Guanshan ...
, Baiyun District, Huaxi District, the Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, the major multi-lane national highways, and the city's main roadways, allowing vehicular traffic to circumnavigate the heavy traffic of the city's inner city areas.


Education

The city has a university, a teacher-training college, a medical school, and 224 primary and middle schools. * Guizhou University * Guizhou Normal University *
Guizhou Medical University Guizhou Medical University () is a public university based in Guiyang, capital of Guizhou province in China that offers courses in pharmacy, medical laboratory science, preventive medicine, nursing and clinical medicine, as well as other subject ...
* Guizhou University of Finance and Economics *
Guizhou Nationalities University Guizhou Minzu University ( is a provincial public university located in Guiyang Guiyang (; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), historically rendered as Kweiyang, is the capital of Guizhou province of the People's Republic of China. It is located in ...
* Guizhou Institute of Technology * *
Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine () is a public university based in Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its cap ...
*


Religion

Qianming Temple Qianming Temple () is a Buddhist temple located in Nanming District of Guizhou, Guiyang, China. History Qianming Temple was first established in the 17th century, in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the modern temple was founded in 1771 i ...
was first established in the 17th century, in the late
Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
and is located in
Nanming District Nanming District () is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Nanming District serves as an economic powerhouse for the city, bringing in GDP of over 30.17 Billion ...
of Guiyang. On October 15, 1696, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Kweichow. This was suppressed in 1715 and restored in 1846. In 1924 it was renamed as the Apostolic Vicariate of Guiyang, and in 1946 it was promoted to its current status as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guiyang.


Gallery

File:Guizhou Financial City District.jpg, Guizhou Financial City District File:南明区.jpg, Nanming district


See also

* List of twin towns and sister cities in China


References


External links


Guiyang Government website

Guiyang Government website
{{Authority control 1283 establishments in Asia 13th-century establishments in China Cities in Guizhou National Forest Cities in China Provincial capitals in China Prefecture-level divisions of Guizhou