was the 89th

emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century

Emperor Ninmyō was the 54th emperor of Japan, Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum, Imperial Household Agency according to the traditional order of succession. Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the Heian period. Traditional narrative Nin ...

and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later", and thus he could be called the "Later Emperor Fukakusa". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fukakusa, the second", or as "Fukakusa II".

Name

Before his ascension to the

Chrysanthemum Throne The is the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace. Various other thrones or seats that are used by the Emperor during official functions ...

, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . Although the Roman-alphabet spelling of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as that of the personal name of a current member of the Imperial family, the

kanji are the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese script and used in the writing of Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequ ...

are different: * Emperor Go-Fukakusa, formerly Prince Hisahito (久仁) * Prince Hisahito of Akishino (悠仁) He was the second son of

Emperor Go-Saga was the 88th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1242 through 1246. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 8th-century Emperor Saga and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as ...

Issue

*Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara)

Kimiko Kimiko is feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *Kimiko Burton, former San Francisco Public Defender *, professional tennis player * Kimiko Douglass-Ishizaka, German pianist and weightlifter * , Japanese swimmer * K ...

(西園寺（藤原）公子) later Higashinijō‘in (東二条院), Saionji Saneuji's daughter **Second daughter: Imperial Princess Takako (貴子内親王; 1262–1273) ** Daughter (1265-1266） **Third daughter: Imperial

Princess Reishi Princess Reishi (1078–1144) was the Empress of her nephew Emperor Toba of Japan. She was the daughter of Emperor Shirakawa and Fujiwara no Kenshi (1057-1084). Her father abdicated in favor of her brother in 1087. In 1107, her brother Emperor H ...

(姈子内親王; 1270–1307）later Yūgimon'in (遊義門院), married

Emperor Go-Uda was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1274 through 1287. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Uda and ''go-'' (後), translates literall ...

*Consort: Tōin (Fujiwara) Inshi (洞院（藤原）愔子) later Genkimon-in (玄輝門院; 1246–1329), Tōin Saneo's daughter **Fourth daughter: Imperial Princess Hisako (久子内親王; 1272–1346) later Eiyōmon'in (永陽門院) **Second son: Imperial Prince Hirohito (熈仁親王) later Emperor Fushimi **Third son: Imperial Prince Mitsuhito（満仁親王) later Imperial Prince Priest Shonnin (性仁法親王; 1267–1304） *Court Lady: Saionji (Fujiwara) Aiko (西園寺（藤原）相子), Saionji Kinsuke's daughter **Fifth daughter: Imperial Princess Hanako/Eiko/Akiko (瑛子内親王; 1288–1352）later Yōtokumon'in (陽徳門院) *Court Lady: Saionji (Fujiwara) Moriko (西園寺（藤原）成子), Saionji Kintsune's daughter ** First Son: Imperial Prince Tsunehito (常仁親王; d. 1264) ** Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Yukihito (幸仁親王; 1269–1272） *Court Lady: Sanjō (Fujiwara) Fusako (三条（藤原）房子), Sanjō Kinchika's daughter **Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōkaku (行覚法親王; 1274–1293） **Seventh son: Imperial Prince Hisaaki (久明親王) **Ninth son: Imperial Prince Priest Sokaku (増覚法親王) ** Sixth Daughter: Imperial Princess Eiko (永子内親王) later Shozenmon’in (章善門院; d. 1338） *Court Lady: Miyoshi Tadako (三善忠子; d. 1299), Miyoshi Yasuhira's daughter **Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Shinsho (深性法親王; 1275–1299） *Court Lady: Bettō-Naishi (別当典侍), Takakura Shigemichi's daughter ** Eighth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kojo (恒助法親王; 1288–1310） *Court Lady:

Lady Nijō (1258 – after 1307) was a Japanese noblewoman, poet and author. She was a concubine of Emperor Go-Fukakusa from 1271 to 1283, and later became a Buddhist nun. After years of travelling, around 1304–07 she wrote a memoir, ''Towazugatari'' ("A ...

, Minamoto no Masatada's daughter ** Prince (1273–1274) *unknown ** Prince (1263–1266)

Political significance

When GoFukakusa ascended to the throne in 1246 at the age of four, his father GoSaga continued to rule from his position of Retired Emperor. In 1260 GoSaga forced GoFukakusa to abdicate in favor of Kaneyama. Kaneyama's son was named Crown Prince (later known as Emperor GoUda). GoFukakusa appealed to the shogunal administration in the city of Kamakura and had his own son (later known as Emperor Fushimi) named next in line after GoUda. During the reign of GoUda, GoFukakusa exerted power from the office of Retired Emperor. An agreement was reached by which the next emperors would alternate between descendants of GoFukakusa and descendants of Kameyama.

Events of Go-Fukakusa's life

formally became at the age of 2; and Go-Saga began to exercise power as

cloistered Emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

. * 16 February 1246 ('' Kangen 4, 29th day of the 1st month''): In the 4th year of Go-Saga''-tennō''s reign (後嵯峨天皇四年), he abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his 4-year-old son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Fukakusa is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). In 1259, at the insistence of Retired Emperor Go-Saga, he abdicated at the age of 15 to his younger brother, who would become

Emperor Kameyama was the 90th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1260 through 1274. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . He was t ...

. After

's ascension in 1260, Saionji Sanekane negotiated with the

Bakufu , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura ...

, and succeeded in getting Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son Hirohito named as Crown Prince. In 1287, with his ascension as Emperor Fushimi, Go-Fukakusa's

cloistered rule was a form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an emperor abdicated, but retained power and influence. Those retired emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries (''in'') continued to act in ways intended to ...

began. In 1290, he entered the priesthood, retiring from the position of cloistered Emperor. But, with his seventh son, Imperial Prince Hisaaki becoming the 8th Kamakura shōgun among other things, the position of his Jimyōin-tō became strengthened. In 1304, he died. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called ''Fukakusa no kita no misasagi'' (深草北陵) in

Fushimi-ku, Kyoto is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Famous places in Fushimi include the Fushimi Inari Shrine, with thousands of torii lining the paths up and down a mountain; Fushimi Castle, originally built by Toyoto ...

Kugyō

is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the

Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial House of Japan, Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his positio ...

in pre- Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted. In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Fukakusa's reign, this apex of the ''

Daijō-kan The , also known as the Great Council of State, was (i) (''Daijō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's premodern Imperial government under the Ritsuryō legal system during and after the Nara period or (ii) (''Dajō-kan'') the highest organ of Jap ...

'' included: * '' Sesshō'',

Ichijō Sanetsune , son of regent Michiie, was a ''kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period (1185–1333). He was the founding father of the Ichijō family, one of the five regent houses which monopolized regent positions in Japan's imperial court. ...

, 1246–1247 * ''Sesshō'',

Konoe Kanetsune , son of Iezane, was a ''Kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the early Kamakura period. He held regent positions as follows: * sesshō (1237–1242) * kampaku (1242) * sesshō (1247–1252) With a daughter of Kujō Michiie Kujō Michiie (� ...

, 1247–1252 * ''Sesshō'',

Takatsukasa Kanehira , fourth son of Konoe Iezane, was a court noble ('' kugyo'') of the Kamakura period of Japan, and founding father of the Takatsukasa family. His sons include Kanetada and Mototada. After holding some high-ranking positions in the court, in 12 ...

, 1252–1254 * '' Kampaku'', Takatsukasa Kanehira, 1254–1261 * ''

Sadaijin The ''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the ini ...

'' * ''

Udaijin was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''udaijin'' in the context of a central administr ...

'' * ''

Nadaijin The , literally meaning "Inner Minister", was an ancient office in the Japanese Imperial Court. Its role, rank and authority varied throughout the pre- Meiji period of Japanese history, but in general remained as a significant post under the Tai ...

'' * ''

Dainagon was a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Dainag ...

Eras of Go-Fukakusa's reign

The years of Go-Fukakusa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year o ...

or ''

nengō The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...

''.Titsingh, p. 248. * '' Kangen'' (1243–1247) * '' Hōji'' (1247–1249) * ''

Kenchō was a after '' Hōji'' and before ''Kōgen.'' This period spanned the years from March 1249 to October 1256. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1249 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous e ...

'' (1249–1257) * ''

Kōgen was a after '' Kenchō'' and before ''Shōka.'' This period spanned the years from October 1256 to March 1257. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 248-253 Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō S ...

'' (1256–1257) * ''

Shōka is a form of ''ikebana''. Written with the same ''kanji'' characters, it is also pronounced and known as ''Shōka''. History The painter Sōami and the art patron and ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshimasa were supporters of the style as early as ...

'' (1257–1259) * ''

Shōgen was a after ''Shōka'' and before ''Bun'ō.'' This period spanned the years from March 1259 through April 1260. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * 1259 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The ...

'' (1259–1260)

Notes

References

* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959)
''The Imperial House of Japan.''
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society
OCLC 194887
* Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). iyun-sai_Rin-siyo/Hayashi_Gahō,_1652.html" ;"title="Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou
Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. * Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). (

Kitabatake Chikafusa was a Japanese court noble and writer of the 14th century who supported the Southern Court in the Nanboku-cho period, serving as advisor to five Emperors. Some of his greatest and most famous work was performed during the reign of Emperor Go ...

, 1359), ''

Jinnō Shōtōki is a Japanese historical book written by Kitabatake Chikafusa. The work sought both to clarify the genesis and potential consequences of a contemporary crisis in Japanese politics, and to dispel or at least ameliorate the prevailing disorder. ...

'' (
A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki
'' New York:

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. It is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fiel ...

External links

Link to Kyoto National Museum – calligraphy of Emperor Go-Fukakusa
{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Fukakusa Japanese emperors 1243 births 1304 deaths

Emperor Go-Fukakusa was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Ninmyō and ''go-'' (後), translates literally ...

13th-century Japanese monarchs 14th-century Japanese people People from Kyoto

Name

Issue

Political significance

Events of Go-Fukakusa's life

Kugyō

Eras of Go-Fukakusa's reign

See also

Notes

References

External links