Gintonin Structure

Gintonin is a glycolipoprotein fraction isolated from ginseng. The non-saponin ingredient was designated as gintonin, where ''gin'' was derived from ginseng, ''ton'' from the tonic effects of ginseng, and ''in'' from protein. The main component of gintonin is a complex of lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and ginseng proteins such as ginseng major latex-like protein151 (GLP151) and ginseng ribonuclease-like storage protein.

GLP151 is a first plant-derived LPA binding protein as one of Bet v 1 superfamily. GLP151 has a LPA binding domain on H147 and H148 at C-terminal. These two histidine residues bind to phosphate group of LPA and deliver LPA to its cognate receptors to elicit cellular effects such as a²⁺ transient and morphological changes.

Lysophospholipid receptors are the high affinity and selective target receptor of gintonin. Gintonin induces a²⁺ transient in animal cells. Gintonin also shows ''in vivo'' anti-Alzheimer's disease effects through LPA receptor-mediated non-amyloidogenic pathways and enhances cognitive functions in elderly human Alzheimer's disease patients and boosting of hippocampal cholinergic system, hippocampal neurogenesis, anti-depression and ''in vivo'' anti-metastatic and anti-atopic dermatitis effects by inhibition of autotaxin activity.

See also

* Ginseng
* Ginsenoside
* Lysophosphatidic acid
* Lysophospholipid receptor

References

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* {{Cite journal , last1 = Rahman MA , last2 = Hwang H , last3 = Nah SY , last4 = Rhim H , title = Gintonin Stimulates Autophagic Flux in Primary Cortical Astrocytes , doi = 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.08.004 , journal = J Ginseng Res , volume = 44 , issue = 1 , pages = 67–78 , year = 2020 , pmid = 32148391 , pmc = 7033340 , doi-access = free

Glycolipids