This is a list of taxa comprising the flora of the

Antipodes Islands The Antipodes Islands ( Maōri: Moutere Mahue; "Abandoned island") are inhospitable and uninhabited volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of – and territorially part of – New Zealand. The 21 km2 archipelago lies 860 ...

. It includes some species known as

megaherbs Megaherbs are a group of herbaceous wildflowers growing in the New Zealand subantarctic islands and on the other subantarctic islands. They are characterised by their great size, with huge leaves and very large and often unusually coloured flowers, ...

Algae

In 1985, 116 species of marine algae were recorded at the Antipodes Islands. At least three species of freshwater algae have been recorded, but these have not yet been positively identified: a species of ''

Chlorella ''Chlorella'' is a genus of about thirteen species of single-celled green algae belonging to the division Chlorophyta. The cells are spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and are without flagella. Their chloroplasts contain the ...

'', at least one species of ''

Chlamydomonas ''Chlamydomonas'' is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 speciesSmith, G.M. 1955 ''Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1. Algae and Fungi'' McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, ...

'', and a

Xanthophyceae Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae. Most live in fresh water, but some are found in marine and soil habitats. They vary from single-celled flagellates to simple colonial and filamento ...

, perhaps '' Tetrakenton'' or '' Goniochloris''.

Fungi

The only

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

recorded from the Antipodes Islands are '' Puccinia caricina'' and a '' Claviceps'' (Ergot) species.

Lichens

The following species of

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Cladia aggregata ''Cladia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, '' Cladia aggregata'' ...

'' * '' Cladia retipora'' * '' Cladina confusa'' * '' Cladonia campbelliana'' * '' Cladonia capitellata'' * ''Cladonia cervicornis'' subsp. ''verticillata'' * '' Everniastrum sorocheilum'' * '' Menegazzia circumsorediata'' * ''

Opegrapha diaphoriza ''Opegrapha'' is a genus of lichenized fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organi ...

'' * ''

Parmelia cunninghamii Parmelia may refer to: * Parmelia (barque), the vessel that in 1829 transported the first settlers of the British colony of Western Australia * ''Parmelia'' (fungus), a genus of lichens with global distribution * Parmelia, Western Australia P ...

'' * ''

Pseudocyphellaria coronata ''Pseudocyphellaria'' is a genus of large, leafy lichens that are sometimes referred to as "specklebelly" lichens.Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. ''Lichens of North America''. Yale University Press: New Haven. The genus ha ...

'' * ''

Pseudocyphellaria glabra ''Pseudocyphellaria glabra'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It has a pale-green upper thallus surface, a white medulla and white pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for gas exchange). Distribut ...

'' * '' Stereocaulon argus'' * '' Stereocaulon ramulosum'' * ''

Usnea torulosa ''Usnea'' is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini- shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The genus is in the ...

'' * ''Usnea'' cf. ''xanthopoga'' * ''

Xanthoria ligulata ''Xanthoria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. Common names include orange lichen,liverwort The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of g ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Adelanthus occlusus'' * '' Anastrophyllum schismoides'' * '' Chandonanthus squarrosus'' * '' Chiloscyphus erraticus'' * '' Chiloscyphus furcistipulus'' * '' Chiloscyphus physanthus'' * '' Clasmatocolea paucistipula'' * '' Cuspidatula monodon'' * ''

Frullania falciloba ''Frullania'' is the only genus of liverworts in family Frullaniaceae. It contains the following species: A *''Frullania aculeata'' Taylor, 1846 *''Frullania acutata'' Caspary, 1887 *''Frullania acutiloba'' Gerola, 1947 *'' Frullania akiyama ...

'' * '' Frullania scandens'' * '' Gackstroemia weindorferi'' * '' Jamesoniella colorata'' * '' Lejeunea primordialis'' * '' Lepidolaena hodgsoniae'' * '' Lepidolaena taylori'' * '' Lepidozia glaucophylla'' * '' Lophocolea bidentata'' * '' Lophocolea hodgsoniae'' * '' Lophocolea gunniana'' * '' Lophocolea minor'' * '' Lophocolea nova-zelandiae'' * '' Lophocolea semiteres'' * '' Lophocolea'' sp. * '' Marchantia berteroana'' * '' Marsupidium abbreviatum'' * '' Metzgeria decipiens'' * '' Metzgeria disciformis'' * ''

Pallavicinia xiphoides Pallavicinia is a globally distributed genus in the liverwort family Pallaviciniaceae Pallaviciniaceae is a widely distributed family of liverworts in the order Pallaviciniales. All species are thallose, typically organized as a thick central ...

'' * ''

Plagiochila deltoidea ''Plagiochila deltoidea'' is a species of liverwort in the family Plagiochilaceae. It was first described by Lindenb. It is found in New Zealand and Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tas ...

'' * '' Plagiochila radiculosa'' * '' Plagiochila sinclairii'' * '' Plagiochila strombifolia'' * '' Porella elegantula'' * '' Telaranea corticola'' * '' Telaranea patentissima'' * '' Tylimanthus tenellus''

Mosses

The following species of

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Breutelia pendula'' * ''

Bryum argenteum ''Bryum argenteum'', the silvergreen bryum moss or silvery thread moss, is a species of moss in the family Bryaceae. It is one of the most common mosses of urban areas and can be easily recognized without a microscope. Description The species i ...

'' * '' Bryum blandum'' * '' Campylopus clavatus'' * '' Campylopus introflexus'' * ''

Ceratodon purpureus ''Ceratodon purpureus'' is a dioicous moss with a color ranging from yellow-green to red. The height amounts to 3 centimeters. It is found worldwide, mainly in urban areas and next to roads on dry sand soils. It can grow in a very wide variety o ...

'' * '' Dicranoloma robustum'' * ''

Drepanocladus fluitans ''Drepanocladus'' is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Amblystegiaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Drepanocladus'': *'' Drepanocladus aduncus'' *'' Drepanocladus andi ...

'' * '' Lembophyllum clandestinum'' * '' Leptostomum inclinans'' * '' Muelleriella crassifolia'' * '' Pohlia wahlenbergii'' * '' Polytrichadelphus magellanicus'' * ''

Polytrichum juniperinum ''Polytrichum juniperinum'', commonly known as juniper haircap or juniper polytrichum moss, is an evergreen and perennial species of moss that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antarctica.Ptychomnion aciculare'' * '' Racomitrium crispulum'' * '' Rhynchostegium tenuifolium'' * '' Sphagnum australe'' * '' Sphagnum falcatulum'' * '' Tayloria purpurascens'' * '' Willia calobolax''

Lycopods

Three species of

lycopod Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants known as lycopods, lycophytes or other terms including the component lyco-. Members of the class are also called clubmosses, firmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. They have dichotomously branching s ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Lycopodium fastigiatum'' * '' Lycopodium scariosum'' * '' Lycopodium varium''

Ferns

The following species of

fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except t ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Asplenium obtusatum'' * '' Asplenium terrestre'' * ''

Austroblechnum durum ''Austroblechnum durum'', synonym ''Blechnum durum'', is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. The fern is endemic to New Zealand. Description Thomas Moore described this species as follows: Taxonomy This fern was first described by M ...

'' * '' Blechnum fluviatile'' * ''

Blechnum penna-marina ''Austroblechnum penna-marina'', synonym ''Blechnum penna-marina'', known as Antarctic hard-fern, alpine water fern and pinque (Chilean Spanish), is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae, with a natural range from the Araucanía Region to t ...

'' * ''

Blechnum ''Blechnum'', known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by d ...

'' sp. * '' Grammitis billartierei'' * ''Grammitis magellanica'' subsp. ''magellanica'' * '' Grammitis givenii'' * ''

Histiopteris incisa ''Histiopteris incisa'', the bat's wing fern, water fern or fern mata, is a common plant found in Australia, New Zealand and other islands in the south Pacific region. Usually found in moist areas, where it may form large colonies. The lowermos ...

'' * '' Hymenophyllum flabellatum'' * ''

Hymenophyllum minimum ''Hymenophyllum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved fern ...

'' * '' Hymenophyllum multifidum'' * ''

Hypolepis millefolium ''Hypolepis'' may refer to: * ''Hypolepis'' (plant), a genus of fern in the family Dennstaedtiaceae * '' Psaliodes'' (syn. ''Hypolepis''), a genus of moth in the family Geometridae {{Genus disambiguation ...

'' * '' Phymatosorus diversifolius'' * '' Polystichum vestitum'' * ''

Pteridium esculentum ''Pteridium esculentum'', commonly known as bracken fern, Austral bracken or simply bracken, is a species of the bracken genus native to a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Esculentum means edible. First described as ''Pteris escul ...

Flowering plants

Monocotyledons

The following species of

monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Agrostis magellanica'' * '' Aporostylis bifolia'' * '' Carex appressa'' * '' Carex sectoides'' * '' Carex ternaria'' * '' Carex trifida'' * '' Chiloglottis cornuta'' * '' Corybas trilobis'' * '' Isolepis aucklandica'' * ''

Isolepis cernua ''Isolepis cernua'' (basionym ''Scirpus cernuus'') is a species of flowering plant in the Cyperaceae, sedge family known by the common names low bulrush, slender club-rush, tufted clubrush, and fiberoptic grass. It is widespread, being native to ...

'' * '' Juncus scheuchzerioides'' * '' Lachnogrostis leptostachys'' * ''Luzula crinita'' var. ''crinita'' * ''

Poa annua ''Poa annua'', or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Notwithstanding the reference to annual plant in its name, perennial bio-types ...

'' * '' Poa antipoda'' * '' Poa breviglumis'' * ''

Poa foliosa ''Poa foliosa'' is a species of tussock grass commonly known as muttonbird poa. It is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia. Description ''Poa foliosa'' is a perennial, dioecious grass growing as densely clumped tusso ...

'' * ''

Poa litorosa ''Poa litorosa'' is a species of tussock grass that is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia. The specific epithet ''litorosa'' comes from the Latin ''litoralis'' (“pertaining to the seashore”). Description ''Poa li ...

'' * ''

Prasophyllum colensoi ''Prasophyllum colensoi'' is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand where it is commonly known as the leek orchid. It has a single tubular, dark green leaf and up to twenty scented, yellowish-green to reddish-brown flowers. It is similar to ...

'' * '' Puccinellia antipoda'' * '' Uncinia hookeri''

Dicotyledons

The following species of

dicotyledon The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, t ...

have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands: * '' Anisotome antipoda'' * ''

Apium prostratum ''Apium prostratum'', commonly known as sea celery, is a variable herb native to coastal Australia and New Zealand. The leaves are variable, with toothed leaflets, and a celery like aroma. The tiny white flowers occur in clusters. There are tw ...

'' * '' Stilbocarpa polaris'' * ''

Helichrysum bellidioides The genus ''Helichrysum'' consists of an estimated 600 species of flowering plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The type species is ''Helichrysum orientale''. They often go by the names everlasting, immortelle, and strawflower. The name ...

'' * '' Lagenifera petiolata'' * '' Leptinella plumosa'' * '' Pleurophyllum criniferum'' * '' Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum'' * '' Senecio radiolatus'' * ''

Sonchus asper ''Sonchus asper'', the prickly sow-thistle, rough milk thistle, spiny sowthistle, sharp-fringed sow thistle, or spiny-leaved sow thistle, is a widespread flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. Description ''Sonchu ...

'' * '' Taraxacum magellanicum'' * ''

Cardamine corymbosa ''Cardamine corymbosa'', commonly known as the New Zealand bitter-cress, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Native to the subantarctic islands of Australasia, it has become an invasive species in plant nurseries. The specific epi ...

'' * ''

Lepidium oleraceum ''Lepidium oleraceum'' is a herb in the family Brassicaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Its English common name is Cook's scurvy grass; Māori names include nau, ngau, naunau and heketara. Its specific epithet ''oleraceum'' means "vegetable/herba ...

'' * ''

Callitriche antarctica ''Callitriche antarctica'', commonly known as the Antarctic water-starwort, is a small, prostrate plant with tiny yellow flowers in the family Plantaginaceae (though sometimes placed in its own family – Callitrichaceae). It is found in wet pl ...

'' * '' Colobanthus apetalus'' * '' Colobanthus muscoides'' * ''Stellaria decipiens'' var. ''decipiens'' * ''Stellaria decipiens'' var. ''angustata'' * '' Stellaria media'' * '' Crassula moschata'' * '' Gentiana antipoda'' * '' Geranium microphyllum'' * '' Pratia arenaria'' * ''Epilobium alsinoides'' subsp. ''atriplicifolium'' * '' Epilobium pedunculare'' * '' Rumex neglectus'' * '' Montia fontana'' * ''Acaena minor'' var. ''antarctica'' * '' Coprosma ciliata'' * ''Coprosma perpusilla'' subsp. ''subantarctica'' * '' Coprosma rugosa'' * ''Coprosma rugosa'' x ''ciliata'' * '' Urtica australis''

References

* {{cite journal , author = Godley, E. J. , year = 1989 , title = The flora of Antipodes Island , journal = New Zealand Journal of Botany , volume = 27 , pages = 531–563 , format = PDF , doi = 10.1080/0028825x.1989.10414138 , doi-access = free Lists of plants