Ferrari 375 Plus
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The Ferrari 375 Plus was a
sports racing car Sports car racing is a form of motorsport road racing which utilises sports cars that have two seats and enclosed wheels. They may be purpose-built prototypes or grand tourers based on road-going models. Broadly speaking, sports car racing is o ...
produced by
Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...
in 1954. The model competed internationally, winning many major races, including
24 Hours of Le Mans The 24 Hours of Le Mans (french: link=no, 24 Heures du Mans) is an endurance-focused Sports car racing, sports car race held annually near the town of Le Mans, France. It is the world's oldest active Endurance racing (motorsport), endurance r ...
,
Carrera Panamericana The Carrera Panamericana was a border-to-border sedan ( stock and touring and sports car) rally racing event on open roads in Mexico similar to the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio in Italy. Running for five consecutive years from 1950 to 1954, i ...
, 1000km of Buenos Aires, Agadir GP and Silverstone.


Specifications


Engine and transmission

The Ferrari 375 Plus received the new '' Lampredi''
V12 V12 or V-12 may refer to: Aircraft * Mil V-12, a Soviet heavy lift helicopter * Pilatus OV-12, a planned American military utility aircraft * Rockwell XFV-12, an American experimental aircraft project * Škoda-Kauba V12, a Czechoslovak experim ...
engine with displacement enlarged to almost 5-litres. This new ''tipo 113'' was partially based on the 375 MM with its 84 mm of bore and combined 74.5 mm of stroke from the 375 Formula One car. The resulting capacity was . Most cars could produce at 6000 rpm and some even up to 345 PS. This was enough for a top speed of 280 km/h. The engine had a single spark plug per cylinder configuration with two magnetos and was fed by three Weber 46DCF/3 carburettors. A single camshaft per cylinder bank was standard for the ''Lampredi'' V12s, unlike
dry sump A dry-sump system is a method to manage the lubricating motor oil in four-stroke and large two-stroke piston driven internal combustion engines. The dry-sump system uses two or more oil pumps and a separate oil reservoir, as opposed to a conve ...
lubrication adopted for the last of the 'long-block' powered models: the 375 Plus and the 410 S. A 4-speed
manual Manual may refer to: Instructions * User guide * Owner's manual * Instruction manual (gaming) * Online help Other uses * Manual (music), a keyboard, as for an organ * Manual (band) * Manual transmission * Manual, a bicycle technique similar to ...
or 5-speed manual gearbox was used, mounted en bloc with differential.


Chassis and suspension

Although the wheelbase on the 375 Plus and its predecessor, the 375 MM, was the same at , the chassis was of a new ''type 505''. Also created of a steel tubes, elliptical in section. The front suspension was the same as on the previous models, independent with unequal-length wishbones and transverse leaf springs. The rear suspension however received a new
de Dion axle file:De Dion axle (297670071).jpg, De Dion rear axle A de Dion tube is a form of non-independent suspension, independent automobile suspension (vehicle), suspension. It is a considerable improvement over the swing axle, Hotchkiss drive, or live ...
, twin radius arms with transverse leaf springs and Houdaille shock absorbers in place of an old live axle with semi-elliptical springs. New setup greatly improved balance and road-holding. The fuel tank had 190 litres fuel capacity, especially welcomed on long-distance races. Drum brakes were standard all round. Bodywork was an evolution of the 375 MM
Pinin Farina Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 December 2015, the Indian mu ...
Spyder style with an exception of a bigger fuel tank bulge in the rear. One car, s/n 0478AM, was converted from 375 MM and rebodied by Sutton.


Cabriolet

A one-off, two-seater Cabriolet was created on a 375 Plus' chassis, s/n 0488AM.
King Leopold III Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasi ...
of Belgium commissioned its creation to
Pinin Farina Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 December 2015, the Indian mu ...
. They created an elegant and stately gran tourer with an imposing front portion and unusually wide front grille. This special road-going Cabriolet was left-hand drive, received covered headlamps and was completed in 1955. Finished in black over ivory leather interior it was repainted red at a one point in its history.


Racing

The Ferrari 375 Plus debuted slowly at first, not finishing the Giro di Sicilia nor the
Mille Miglia The Mille Miglia (, ''Thousand Miles'') was an open-road, motorsport endurance race established in 1927 by the young Counts Francesco Mazzotti and Aymo Maggi, which took place in Italy twenty-four times from 1927 to 1957 (thirteen before World ...
races.
José Froilán González José Froilán González (October 5, 1922 – June 15, 2013) was an Argentine racing driver, particularly notable for scoring Ferrari's first win in a Formula One World Championship race at the 1951 British Grand Prix. He made his Formula One ...
and
Maurice Trintignant Maurice Bienvenu Jean Paul Trintignant (30 October 1917 – 13 February 2005) was a motor racing driver and vintner from France. He competed in the Formula One World Championship for fourteen years, between 1950 and 1964, one of the longest caree ...
won the
1954 24 Hours of Le Mans The 1954 24 Hours of Le Mans was a 22nd race for Sports Cars, and took place on 12 and 13 June 1954, at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France. It was also the fourth race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The race was won by José Fr ...
, for the first time since 1949, ahead of the works
Jaguar D-type The Jaguar D-Type is a sports racing car that was produced by Jaguar Cars Ltd. between 1954 and 1957. Designed specifically to win the Le Mans 24-hour race, it shared the straight-6 XK engine and many mechanical components with its C-Type ...
. The Agadir GP and the Silverstone International were also won by the 375 Plus. The most significant victory however was the
Umberto Maglioli Umberto Maglioli (5 June 1928 – 7 February 1999) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 10 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 13 September 1953. He achieved 2 podiums, and scored a total of 3 championship ...
s 1954 Carrera Panamericana. It would also be the last as the race was cancelled next year due to the
Le Mans disaster The 1955 Le Mans disaster was a major crash that occurred on 11 June 1955 during the 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race at Circuit de la Sarthe in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Large pieces of debris flew into the crowd, killing 83 spectators and French ...
. The
1954 World Sportscar Championship The 1954 World Sportscar Championship season was the second season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured a series of six endurance races for sports car racing, sportscars, contested from 24 January to 23 November 1954. The ...
was achieved by Ferrari in due honour of 375 Plus that won two out of six rounds. The last major victory was at the 1955 1000 km Buenos Aires. That year, the World Sportscar Championship was dominated by the
Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR The Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR (W 196 S) was a 2-seat sports racing car that took part in the 1955 World Sportscar Championship before a catastrophic crash and fire at Le Mans later that year ended its domination prematurely. The car ...
. The 375 Plus also won many races in both North and South Americas. In 1957-1958
Dan Gurney Daniel Sexton Gurney (April 13, 1931 – January 14, 2018) was an American racing driver, race car constructor, and team owner who reached racing's highest levels starting in 1958. Gurney won races in the Formula One, Indy Car, NASCAR, Can-Am, ...
in 375 Plus scored wins in
Paramount Ranch A movie ranch is a ranch that is at least partially dedicated for use as a set in the creation and production of motion pictures and television shows. These were developed in the United States in southern California, because of the climate. The fir ...
and Palm Springs and a second place in Grand Prix Riverside, part of 1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars.


Collectability

Low production numbers and undisputed racing pedigree makes the 375 Plus highly collectable and sought after. S/n 0384AM, Ferrari works car from the Mille Miglia, Le Mans and Silverstone was offered by Bonhams at the "Goodwood Festival of Speed Sale" auction and sold for £10.7 million in 2014. S/n 0398TF is part of Ralph Lauren Collection, who purchased the car in 1990.


References


Bibliography

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External links

{{Early Ferrari vehicles 375 Plus Sports racing cars 24 Hours of Le Mans race cars Le Mans winning cars Carrera Panamericana