Fryazino ( rus, Фрязино, p=ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə) is a

scientific Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...

town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, located on the

Lyuboseyevka River The Lyuboseyevka (russian: Любосе́евка) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Vorya. It is 12 km in length.Vorya, northeast of the city of

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

. Population: Fryazino is a center of excellence for Russian

microwave Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter corresponding to frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz respectively. Different sources define different frequency ran ...

electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

History

In 1584–1856, the villages of Grebnevo, Fryazinovka, and Chizhovo stood on the territory occupied by modern Fryazino. Silk-weaving manufactures were established here in the second half of the 18th century. The first mention of Fryazino was in the 1584–1586 cadastres of

Moskovsky Uyezd Moskovsky Uyezd (''Московский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate and existed until 1929. Its administrative centre was Moscow. ...

: "Villages of Fryazinova and Samsonov as well on the river of Lyubosivka, and it includes plowed gray land tillage 4 desiatinas and of fallow 13.5 desiatinas in the field and the same in two (implying: cultivated fields), hay 10 haycocks, firewood forest, 5 acres" ''(russian: дер. Фрязинова, а Самсонова тоже на рчк. на Любосивке, а в ней пашни паханые серой земли 8 четьи да перелогу 27 четв. в поле, а в дву потому ж, сена 10 коп, лесу дровяняного 5 дес)''. Then the village belonged to the demesne of

Bogdan Belsky Bogdan Yakovlevich Belsky (russian: Богдан Яковлевич Бельский) (died 1611) was a Russian statesman and a close associate of Ivan the Terrible. Bogdan was not related to the great Gedyminid princely family of the same nam ...

. *1791 — the

temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...

Theotokos ''Theotokos'' (Greek: ) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations are ''Dei Genitrix'' or ''Deipara'' (approximately "parent (fem.) of God"). Familiar English translations are " ...

of Grebnevo was built. *1868 — the village Fryazino. *1938 — work settlement Fryazino. *1951 — it was granted

status. *1968 Fryazino received the status of regional subordination. *December 29, 2003,

Presidential decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for ...

granted Fryazino the status of the Scientific town of the Russian Federation. *October 28, 2009, in Fryazino under the chairmanship of

President of Russia The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal ...

Dmitry Medvedev held a meeting of the Commission for Modernization and Technological Development of Russian Economy.Russian Presidential website

Administrative and municipal status

Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

.Law #11/2013-OZ As a municipal division, Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Fryazino Urban Okrug.Law #38/2005-OZ

Economy

In 1901, Anna Kaptsova founded the big silk-weaving manufacture in the village of Fryazino. It was the first stone building in the village (nationalized in 1918, closed in 1929). In 1933, in a former silk-weaving factory was founded the ''Radiolampa'' plant. Since that time Fryazino became the center of the Soviet electronics industry. The first Research Institute SRI-160 (its modern name is Federal State Unitary Enterprise RPC "

Istok Istog or Istok ( sq-definite, Istog, Istogu, sr, Исток, ''Istok'') or Burim is a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of western Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the city of Istog has 5,115 inhabitants, while the munici ...

") was founded in Fryazino in 1943, then their number increases to five. Branch of the

Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics (russian: Институт радиотехники и электроники (ИРЭ)) by the Russian Academy of Science is an institute in Moscow, that conducts fundamental research in fields of rad ...

was founded in Fryazino in 1955. In Soviet times, growing enterprises had been working within a military reservation institute. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, these institutions were forced to cut most of their staff. Currently, a large part of the population of Fryazino works in Moscow. By way of defense conversion research institutes were established the following enterprises: in 1993 — " Istok-Sistema", a manufacturer of medical equipment under the brand name " Gastroscan", in 1994 — "Istok-Audio", a manufacturer of

hearing aid A hearing aid is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss. Hearing aids are classified as medical devices in most countries, and regulated by the respective regulations. Small audio amplifiers su ...

s. In addition to the electronic and medical industry in the town is a confectionery industry, as well as a tea-packing factory of the company "

May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the third of seven months to have a length of 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May ...

". The town also has furniture factories. Istok Winter 2012

Education

A first school was opened in Fryazino in 1912. There are 7 schools, including 5 secondary, a gymnasium and lyceum in the town now. By the end of 1980, 20% of the population of Fryazino had a higher education, among them — 460 Candidates of Sciences and 77 Doctors of Sciences, 2 Full Members of the

USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...

, 120 winners of the

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

and

State State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

prizes.

Architecture and sights

On the eastern outskirts of the town, on the banks of the Lyuboseyevka river, is the historic estate of Grebnevo (1780–1790; reconstructed in 1817-1823). Also, the Alley of Heroes is in the center of the downtown, on which there are the busts

Heroes of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for ...

from Fryazino who participated in

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

: Alexandr Dudkin, Boris Yeryashev, Ivan Ivanov. Another monument is "Stella wins" that indicates the names of all of residents Fryazino who participated in World War II. There are some museums: the Town Museum, Ivan Ivanov's Home, the Literary Museum of

Osip Mandelstam Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam ( rus, Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, p=ˈosʲɪp ɨˈmʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam; – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the A ...

and other.

Transportation and communications

There are two ways you can get to Fryazino by public transport from Moscow : *by train from

Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal Moscow Yaroslavsky railway station (russian: Ярославский вокзал) is one of the nine main railway stations in Moscow. Situated on Komsomolskaya Square (close to the Kazansky and Leningradsky Stations), Moscow Yaroslavskaya ha ...

, in about 1 hour 15 min *by minibus or coach (№ 361, № 335) from the Moscow Central Bus Terminal (around Moscow underground station Shcholkovskaya) in about 45 minutes, except for peak hours. The town is located on the Fryanovo motorway P-110 ( Schyolkovo — Fryanovo) at a distance of 7 km from the beginning of the motorway. The town has a new bus station, located on the Polevaya str. There are three town bus lines and the same taxi. In addition, through the town are 10 commuter bus routes (including those from Moscow). Inside the town there are several different taxi services. Also in town there is a railway station and two passenger platforms (Fryazino-Commodity and Fryazino-Passenger, which is finite). Fryazino has quite ramified computer networ
''Fryazino.net''

Notable people

* Alexander Balandin, cosmonaut * Nikolay Devyatkov (1907–2001), engineer/inventor * Yury Gulyayev (b. 1935), physicist *

Aleksey Kuleshov Aleksey Vladimirovich Kuleshov (russian: Алексей Владимирович Кулешов, born 24 February 1979) is a former Russian volleyball player, a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. Currently he is a coach at Dynamo M ...

, volleyball player *

Stanislav Petrov Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov (russian: Станисла́в Евгра́фович Петро́в; 7 September 1939 – 19 May 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear fa ...

, military officer *

Alexander Zaitsev Alexander Zaytsev may refer to: *Alexander Zaytsev (artist), Alexander Dmitryevich Zaytsev (1903–1982), Russian painter and art educator *Alexander Zaytsev (pilot), Alexander Andreyevich Zaytsev (1911–1965), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the ...

, astronomer

References

Notes

Sources

* *

External links

Official website of Fryazino

Fryazino Business Directory

Unofficial website of Fryazino
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast Naukograds