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Naukograd
Naukograd ( rus, наукогра́д, p=nəʊkɐˈgrat, also technopole), meaning "science city", is a formal term for towns with high concentrations of research and development facilities in Russia and the Soviet Union, some specifically built by the Soviet Union for these purposes. Some of the towns were secret and were part of a larger system of closed cities in the USSR, many built by forced labour from the Soviet Gulag. In the Russian Federation in post-Soviet times, the term is used generally for about seventy towns that have concentrations of scientific research and production, and specifically, refers to a small number of towns that have been recognised for their scientific capabilities and hence get special privileges. Of the more general naukograds, about thirty are located in Moscow Oblast and the rest mainly in the Volga, Urals, and Siberian regions. Few are now "closed" — there are only ten closed nuclear towns where Russia's nuclear military work is still car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast
Koltsovo (russian: Кольцо́во) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Novosibirsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, located about northeast of Akademgorodok and southeast of Novosibirsk's center. Population: 15,795; . Total area: 18,8 km2. Koltsovo is a Science town (Naukograd) of the Russian Federation. History The history of Koltsovo began in 1974 and is inseparably linked with the creation of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, an institute specialized in the study of especially dangerous viruses. The settlement, initially established as the home for the institute was named after famous Soviet biologist, cytologist and geneticist Nikolai Koltsov. In 1990 (or 1989), the village of Novoborsk became the new microdistrict of Koltsovo. Previously, this settlement was part of Baryshevsky Selsoviet. On January 17, 2003, Koltsovo was granted ''naukograd'' (science town) status, which it is to retain until the end of 2025. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubna
Dubna ( rus, Дубна́, p=dʊbˈna) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It has a status of ''naukograd'' (i.e. town of science), being home to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an international nuclear physics research center and one of the largest scientific foundations in the country. It is also home to MKB Raduga, a defense aerospace company specializing in design and production of missile systems, as well as to the Russia's largest satellite communications center owned by Russian Satellite Communications Company. The modern town was developed in the middle of the 20th century and town status was granted to it in 1956. Population: Geography The town is above sea level, situated approximately north of Moscow, on the Volga River, just downstream from the Ivankovo Reservoir. The reservoir is formed by a hydroelectric dam across the Volga situated within the town borders. The town lies on both banks of the Volga. The western boundary of the town is defined by the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reutov
Reutov (russian: Ре́утов) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of Moscow. Population was . History The exact date of Reutov's foundation is unknown; however, most historians believe that it was founded between 1492 and 1495. In the 17th-18th centuries, the village of Reutovo belonged to the dynasties of Prince Turenin and Prince Vasily Dolgorukov. At the beginning of the 18th century, Reutovo became a village. Census Book of 1709 has a record of the village of Reutovo, owned by the Prince Vasily Dolgorukov. In 1787, the village was acquired by Prince N. I. Maslov. Under his rule Reutovo became a luxurious country estate. At the beginning of the 19th century, Prince Maslov went bankrupt and the village became a property of Lt. Col. A. M. Pokhvistnev who in 1824 built a cotton mill. Yarn from the factory was among the best in Russia and won a gold medal at the All-Russian National Show in 1831. Shortly after that Pokhvistnev sold the land and the mill. In 1843 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernogolovka
Chernogolovka (russian: Черноголо́вка) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Center of the town is located some 43 km (27 miles) northeast of the Moscow city limit and 59 km (37 miles) from Red Square. Its population in 2018 was 21,342. History Chernogolovka for the first time has been officially mentioned in 1710. In 1956, Chernogolovka grew into a scientific center with the help of Nobel Prize winner Nikolay Semyonov. Semyonov started the experimental branch of Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics, which in the 1960s–1970s grew into a scientific center. In 2001, Chernogolovka was granted town status and given the further status as a naukograd or science city in 2008. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with nine rural localities, incorporated as Chernogolovka Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Law #11/2013-OZ As a munici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korolyov (city)
Korolyov or Korolev ( rus, Королёв, p=kərɐˈlʲɵf) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, well known as the cradle of Soviet and Russian space exploration. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 183,402, the largest as a science city. As of 2018, the population is more than 222,000 people. It was known as Kaliningrad () from 1938 to 1996 and served as the leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank and air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, under the guidance of Russian scientist and academician Sergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as the RKK Energia; when the Vostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated as NII-88 or POB 989. Russian Mission Control Center is also located in Kor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fryazino
Fryazino ( rus, Фрязино, p=ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə) is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River, a tributary of the Vorya, northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: Fryazino is a center of excellence for Russian microwave electronics. History In 1584–1856, the villages of Grebnevo, Fryazinovka, and Chizhovo stood on the territory occupied by modern Fryazino. Silk-weaving manufactures were established here in the second half of the 18th century. The first mention of Fryazino was in the 1584–1586 cadastres of Moskovsky Uyezd: "Villages of Fryazinova and Samsonov as well on the river of Lyubosivka, and it includes plowed gray land tillage 4 desiatinas and of fallow 13.5 desiatinas in the field and the same in two (implying: cultivated fields), hay 10 haycocks, firewood forest, 5 acres" ''(russian: дер. Фрязинова, а Самсонова тоже на рчк. на Любосивке, а в ней пашни паханые ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obninsk
Obninsk (russian: О́бнинск) is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Population: History The history of Obninsk began in 1945 when the First Research Institute Laboratory "V", which later became known as IPPE (Institute of Physics and Power Engineering) was founded. On June 27, 1954, Obninsk started operations of the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid. The city was built next to the plant in order to support it. Scientists, engineers, construction workers, teachers and other professionals moved to Obninsk from all over the Soviet Union. Town status was granted to Obninsk on June 24, 1956. The name of the city is taken from Obninskoye, the train station in Moscow-Bryansk railroad, built in Tsarist times. Obninskoye and Obninsk were the frontline edges of the White/Red Armies in 1917-1924, also the 1812 War with France and the 1941-1942 Battle of Mosco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akademgorodok
Akademgorodok ( rus, Академгородок, p=ɐkəˌdʲemɡərɐˈdok, "Academic Town") is a part of the Sovetsky District of the city of Novosibirsk, Russia, located south of the city center and about west of Koltsovo. It is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia. It is surrounded by a birch and pine forest on the shore of the Ob Sea, an artificial reservoir on the river Ob. Formally it is a part of Novosibirsk city, and has never been a closed city. Located within Akademgorodok is Novosibirsk State University, 35 research institutes, a medical academy, apartment buildings and houses, and a variety of community amenities including stores, hotels, hospitals, restaurants and cafes, cinemas, clubs and libraries. The House of Scientists (russian: label=none, Дом учёных, Dom Uchyonykh), a social center of Akademgorodok, hosts a library containing 100 thousand volumesRussian classics, modern literature and also many American, British, French, German, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Research Center Of Virology And Biotechnology VECTOR
The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, also known as the Vector Institute (russian: Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии „Вектор“, Gosudarstvennyy nauchnyy tsentr virusologii i biotekhnologii "Vektor"), is a biological research center in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It has research facilities and capabilities for all levels of Biological Hazard, CDC Levels 1–4. It is one of two official repositories for the now-eradicated smallpox virus, and was part of the system of laboratories known as the Biopreparat. The facility was upgraded and secured using modern cameras, motion sensors, fences and biohazard containment systems. Its relative seclusion makes security an easier task. Since its inception there has been an army regiment guarding the facility. At least in Soviet times the facility was a nexus for biological warfare research (see Soviet biological weapons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technopole
A technopole, commonly referred to as a high-technology cluster or tech hub, refers to a center of high-tech manufacturing and information-based quaternary industry. The term was coined by Allen J. Scott in 1990 to describe regions in Southern California which showed a rapid growth in high technology fields. This term now has a broader scope to describe regions worldwide dedicated to technological innovation. Such regions can be centers of rapid economic and technological growth as a result of agglomeration effects. Technopoles are one type of industry cluster. The components of a technopole usually comprise local firms, universities, financial institutions and public research organizations. Technopoles may be developed by the private sector or by the co-operation or partnership between the public and private sectors. Governments of all levels promote them as a panacea for economies hurt by economic restructuring. Large corporations and small business operate within these high t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Closed Cities
A closed city or closed town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied so that specific authorization is required to visit or remain overnight. Such places may be sensitive military establishments or secret research installations that require much more space or internal freedom than is available in a conventional military base. There may also be a wider variety of permanent residents, including close family members of workers or trusted traders who are not directly connected with clandestine purposes. Many closed cities existed in the Soviet Union from the mid 1940s until its dissolution in 1991. After 1991, a number of them still existed in the CIS countries, especially in Russia. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as "closed administrative-territorial formations" (, ''zakrytye administrativno-territorial'nye obrazovaniya'', or ''ZATO'' for short). Structure and operations Sometimes closed cities may only be represented on classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Town
A college town or university town is a community (often a separate town or city, but in some cases a town/city neighborhood or a district) that is dominated by its university population. The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by the university—which may be the largest employer in the community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population. Description In Europe, a university town is generally characterised by having an ancient university. The economy of the city is closely related with the university activity and highly supported by the entire university structure, which may include university hospitals and clini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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