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Naukograd
Naukograd ( rus, наукогра́д, p=nəʊkɐˈgrat, also technopole), meaning "science city", is a formal term for towns with high concentrations of research and development facilities in Russia and the Soviet Union, some specifically built by the Soviet Union for these purposes. Some of the towns were secret and were part of a larger system of closed cities in the USSR, many built by forced labour from the Soviet Gulag. In the Russian Federation in post-Soviet times, the term is used generally for about seventy towns that have concentrations of scientific research and production, and specifically, refers to a small number of towns that have been recognised for their scientific capabilities and hence get special privileges. Of the more general naukograds, about thirty are located in Moscow Oblast and the rest mainly in the Volga, Urals, and Siberian regions. Few are now "closed" — there are only ten closed nuclear towns where Russia's nuclear military work is still ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast
Koltsovo () is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Novosibirsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located about northeast of Akademgorodok and southeast of Novosibirsk's center. In 2013, the population of Koltsovo was 15,795. Koltsovo is a naukograd, or "science town," of the Russian Federation. History The history of Koltsovo began in 1974 and is inseparably linked with the creation of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, an institute specialized in the study of especially dangerous viruses. The settlement, initially established as the home for the institute was named after famous Soviet biologist, cytologist and geneticist Nikolai Koltsov. In 1989 or 1990, the village of Novoborsk became the new microdistrict of Koltsovo. Previously, this settlement was part of Baryshevsky Selsoviet. On January 17, 2003, Koltsovo was granted '' naukograd'' (science town) status, which it is to retain until the end of 2025. The statu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obninsk
Obninsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Its population is 125,376 at the 2021 census. History The history of Obninsk began in 1945 when the First Research Institute Laboratory "V", subsequently called the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) was founded. On June 27, 1954, Obninsk started operations of the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid. The city was built next to the plant in order to support it. Scientists, engineers, construction workers, teachers and other professionals moved to Obninsk from all over the Soviet Union. Town status was granted to Obninsk on June 24, 1956. The name of the city is taken from Obninskoye, the train station in Moscow-Bryansk railroad, built in Tsarist times. Obninskoye and Obninsk were the frontline edges of the White/Red Armies in 1917–1924, also the 1812 War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fryazino
Fryazino ( rus, Фрязино, p=ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə) is a naukograd, scientific types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River, a tributary of the Vorya (Klyazma), Vorya, northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: Fryazino is a center of excellence for Russian microwave electronics. History In 1584–1856, the villages of Grebnevo, Moscow Oblast, Grebnevo, Fryazinovka, and Chizhovo, Moscow Oblast, Chizhovo stood on the territory occupied by modern Fryazino. Silk-weaving manufactures were established here in the second half of the 18th century. The first mention of Fryazino was in the 1584–1586 cadastres of Moskovsky Uyezd: "Villages of Fryazinova and Samsonov as well on the river of Lyuboseyevka River, Lyubosivka, and it includes plowed gray land tillage 4 Obsolete Russian units of measurement#Area, desiatinas and of fallow 13.5 desiatinas in the field and the same in two (implying: cultivated fields), hay 10 hayco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelenograd
Zelenograd (, , ) is a city and administrative okrug of Moscow, Russia. The city of Zelenograd and the territory under its jurisdiction form the Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug (ZelAO), an exclave located within Moscow Oblast, north-west of central Moscow, along the M10 highway. Zelenograd is the smallest administrative okrug of Moscow by area, the second-lowest by population, and the largest Moscow exclave by area and by population within Moscow Oblast. Zelenograd, if it were a separate settlement, would be the fifth-largest city in Moscow Oblast and one of the 100 largest cities of Russia. Before the expansion of the territory of Moscow in 2012, Zelenograd occupied second place among the administrative okrugs of Moscow, second only to the Eastern Administrative Okrug, in terms of the share of greenery in its total area (approximately 30%). Zelenograd was founded in 1958 as a new town in the Soviet Union, and developed as a center of electronics, microelectronics and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reutov
Reutov ( ) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of Moscow. Population: History The exact date of Reutov's foundation is unknown; however, most historians believe that it was founded between 1492 and 1495. In the 17th-18th centuries, the village of Reutovo belonged to the dynasties of Prince Turenin and Prince Vasily Dolgorukov. At the beginning of the 18th century, Reutovo became a village. Census Book of 1709 has a record of the village of Reutovo, owned by the Prince Vasily Dolgorukov. In 1787, the village was acquired by Prince N. I. Maslov. Under his rule Reutovo became a luxurious country estate. At the beginning of the 19th century, Prince Maslov went bankrupt and the village became a property of Lt. Col. A. M. Pokhvistnev who in 1824 built a cotton mill. Yarn from the factory was among the best in Russia and won a gold medal at the All-Russian National Show in 1831. Shortly after that Pokhvistnev sold the land and the mill. In 1843, the land and the cotton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernogolovka
Chernogolovka () is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Center of the town is located some 43 km (27 miles) northeast of the Moscow city limit and 59 km (37 miles) from Red Square. Its population in 2018 was 21,342. History Chernogolovka for the first time has been officially mentioned in 1710. In 1956, Chernogolovka grew into a scientific center with the help of Nobel Prize winner Nikolay Semyonov. Semyonov started the experimental branch of Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics, which in the 1960s–1970s grew into a scientific center. In 2001, Chernogolovka was granted town status and given the further status as a naukograd or science city in 2008. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with nine rural localities, incorporated as Chernogolovka Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Law #11/2013-OZ As a municipal division, Chernogolovka Town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushchino
Pushchino ( rus, Пущино, p=ˈpuɕːɪnə) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, an important scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Situated south of Moscow, and 13 km south-east of Serpukhov, on the right side of the Oka River opposite the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve. It is informally called Pushchino-on-Oka. Population: Pushchino Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences has unique status and significance. It hosts a major component of Russian Federation endeavor in the fields of physical, chemical, and bio-molecular biology. It employs more than 3000 people, of whom 800 hold doctorates in science or medicine. Pushchino scientists have made seminal contributions to molecular and cell biology, bio-organic chemistry, plant and soil biology, as well as to astronomy and astrophysics - including the discovery of the solar supercorona and radial magnetic fields within it, and the discovery of radio recombination lines of highly excited atoms. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akademgorodok
Akademgorodok ( rus, Академгородок, p=ɐkəˌdʲemɡərɐˈdok, "Academic Town") is a part of the Sovetsky City District, Novosibirsk, Sovetsky District of the city of Novosibirsk, Russia, located south of the city center and about west of Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Koltsovo. It is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia. It is surrounded by a birch and pine forest on the shore of the Novosibirsk Reservoir, Ob Sea, an artificial reservoir on the river Ob River, Ob. Formally it is a part of Novosibirsk city, and has never been a closed city. Located within Akademgorodok is Novosibirsk State University, 35 research institutes, a medical academy, apartment buildings and houses, and a variety of community amenities including stores, hotels, hospitals, restaurants and cafes, cinemas, clubs and libraries. The House of Scientists (), a social center of Akademgorodok, hosts a library containing 100 thousand volumesRussian classics, modern literature and also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michurinsk
Michurinsk () is the second most populous town in Tambov Oblast Tambov Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Tambov. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was&n ..., Russia. Population: History Originally known as Kozlov (), its origin in a small monastery, founded in the forest in 1627. It became a settlement in 1635 at the northern end of the emerging Belgorod Line, a frontier defense line. A earthen wall was built eastward across the open steppe effectively blocking the Nogai Trail, a Tatars, Tatar raiding route. The success of this line led to the building of further lines further south. The settlement was granted town status in 1779. Situated on the highway to Astrakhan and at the head of water communication with the Don (river), Don, the town soon became a centre of trade. The town was renamed Michurinsk in 1932 after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korolyov (city)
Korolyov or Korolev ( rus, Королёв, p=kərɐˈlʲɵf) is an industrial types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, well known as the cradle of Soviet space program, Soviet and Roscosmos, Russian space exploration. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 183,402, the largest as a science city. As of 2018, the population was more than 222,000 people. It was known as Kaliningrad () from 1938 to 1996 and served as the leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank warfare, anti-tank and anti-aircraft warfare, air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, under the guidance of Soviet scientist and academician Sergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space program, Soviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as the Energia (corporation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed City
A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied. Historically, the construction of closed cities became increasingly common after the beginning of the Cold War, particularly in the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, they remain widespread in Russia and some of the other post-Soviet countries. In modern Russia the closed cities are designated as "closed administrative–territorial formations" (ZATO; , ). Structure and operations Closed cities are sometimes represented only on Classified information, classified maps that are not available to the general public. Sometimes, closed cities are indicated obliquely as a nearby insignificant village, with the name of the stop serving the closed city made equivocal or misleading. For mail delivery, a closed city is usually named as the nearest large city and a special postcode, for example, Arzamas‑16, Chelyabinsk‑65. The actual settlement can be rather dista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
