Christine Kerry - Fritz von Herzmanovsky Orlando 1952 BHO-2382

Josef Löwy Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando 1880

Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando (1877–1954) was an Austrian writer and illustrator.

Life

Herzmanovsky-Orlando was born on 30 April 1877 as ''Friedrich Josef Franz Ritter von Herzmanowsky'' (Baron Herzmanowsky) in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

. he as the son of Emil Josef Ritter von Herzmanowsky, an

Imperial and Royal The phrase Imperial and Royal (German: ''kaiserlich und königlich'', ), typically abbreviated as ''k. u. k.'', ''k. und k.'', ''k. & k.'' in German (the "und" is always spoken unabbreviated), ''cs. és k. (császári és királyi)'' in Hungari ...

official in the Ministry of Agriculture who came from

Tarnów Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów ...

, and his wife, Aloisia von Orlando who had been born in

Kosmonosy Kosmonosy is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. The town is known for its psychiatric hospital. Administrative parts The village of Horní Stakory is an administ ...

. He attended the private

Theresianum Theresianum (or Theresian Academy; german: Theresianische Akademie) is a private boarding and day school governed by the laws for public schools in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1746 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. History Early h ...

school in Vienna before completing, in 1896–1903, a construction engineering degree at the

Vienna University of Technology TU Wien (TUW; german: Technische Universität Wien; still known in English as the Vienna University of Technology from 1975–2014) is one of the major universities in Vienna, Austria. The university finds high international and domestic recogn ...

. Within the next year and a half he got to know his subsequent lifelong friend,

Alfred Kubin Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin (10 April 1877 – 20 August 1959) was an Austrian printmaker, illustrator, and occasional writer. Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism (arts), Symbolism and Expressionism. Biography Kubin wa ...

, and in Munich associated with Cosmic Circle, a group of writers and intellectuals that included

Karl Wolfskehl Karl Wolfskehl (17 September 1869 – 30 June 1948) was a German Jewish author and translator. He wrote poetry, prose and drama in German, and translated from French, English, Italian, Hebrew, Latin and Old/Middle High German into German. Bio ...

Ludwig Klages Friedrich Konrad Eduard Wilhelm Ludwig Klages (10 December 1872 – 29 July 1956) was a German philosopher, psychologist, graphologist, poet, writer, and lecturer, who was a two-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In the Germanospher ...

and

Alfred Schuler Alfred Schuler (22 November 1865 – 8 April 1923) was a German classicist, esotericist, ceremonial magician, mystagogue, writer, poet, and independent scholar. He was a co-founder and central esoteric figure of the Munich Cosmic Circle, a prom ...

. In 1904/05, Herzmanovsky-Orlando worked as an employee and later as an independent architect. In 1911/12, he gave his career up due to chronically painful kidney tuberculosis. On 25 February 1911, he married Carmen Maria Schulista in Vienna. Because he was financially independent, he lived from then on as a

privatier Privatier ([], also spelled Privatus, with the feminine forms Privata or Privatière, meaning "private person") is a French word that was used from the 19th century in Germany and some other countries as a title by members of Bourgeoisie, bourgeoi ...

in art, drawing, collecting, restoring and writing. His disease led to several spa breaks and trips to the south. Among other things, he went with his wife in 1913 to the northeastern

Adriatic The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...

, in 1914 to Egypt, Sicily and southern Italy for over four months. In 1916, due to illness, he moved to

Meran Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier ...

which was Austrian until 1918, now

Merano Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...

in Italy. From the beginning of 1918, with official permission, he also bore his maternal surname. His mother's family came from the Swiss ''

uradel (, German: "ancient nobility"; adjective or ) is a genealogical term introduced in late 18th-century Germany to distinguish those families whose noble rank can be traced to the 14th century or earlier. The word stands opposed to ''Briefadel'', ...

'', his grandfather Friedrich von Orlando was the

lord of the manor Lord of the Manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England, referred to the landholder of a rural estate. The lord enjoyed manorial rights (the rights to establish and occupy a residence, known as the manor house and demesne) as well as seig ...

(''Rittergutsbesitzer'') in Kleindehsa in the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

. Herzmanovsky-Orlando falsified his

family tree A family tree, also called a genealogy or a pedigree chart, is a chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure. More detailed family trees, used in medicine and social work, are known as genograms. Representations of ...

to claim ancestry even before

the Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were i ...

. In 1932, he became a member of the NSDAP/AO, foreign branch of the Nazi party. Having become a German citizen as a result of the

Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a " Greater Germany ...

of Austria to the

German Reich German ''Reich'' (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from german: Deutsches Reich, ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty ...

in 1938, Herzmanovsky-Orlando was forced to leave

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

in 1940 under the

South Tyrol Option Agreement The South Tyrol Option Agreement (german: Option in Südtirol; it, Opzioni in Alto Adige) was an agreement in effect between 1939 and 1943, when the native German and Ladin-speaking people in South Tyrol and several other municipalities of northe ...

. Since he could not live north of the Alps due to illness, he moved to

Malcesine Malcesine is a ''comune'' (municipality) on the eastern shore of Lake Garda in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about northwest of Venice and about northwest of Verona. Geography and divisions The comune of Malcesine ...

Lake Garda Lake Garda ( it, Lago di Garda or ; lmo, label=Eastern Lombard, Lach de Garda; vec, Ƚago de Garda; la, Benacus; grc, Βήνακος) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, about halfway between ...

. He did not return to Merano until 1949. He spent the last years of his life in the nearby Schloss Rametz, where he died of

uremia Uremia is the term for high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be nor ...

on 17 May 1954.Monika von Gagern, p. 37, Herzmanovsky spent many summers in his villa in

Ebensee Ebensee am Traunsee (Central Bavarian: ''Emsee'') is a market town in the Traunviertel region of the Austrian state of Upper Austria, located within the Salzkammergut Mountains at the southern end of the Traunsee. The regional capital Linz lies ...

-Rindbach, his family's holiday home. Here he received several guests, including the journalist Anni Hartmann and Hedi Juer, his half-sister who lives in Australia. In 1970, Herzmanovsky-Orlando-Gasse in Vienna –

Floridsdorf Floridsdorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Fluridsduaf'') is the 21st district of Vienna (german: 21. Bezirk, Floridsdorf), located in the northern part of the city and comprising seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Jed ...

(21st District) was named after him.

Work

Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando was able to publish very little during his lifetime. Many of his works are only available in sketch form. His extensive literary work, which consists mainly of

prose Prose is a form of written or spoken language that follows the natural flow of speech, uses a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or follows the conventions of formal academic writing. It differs from most traditional poetry, where the f ...

and plays, only became known posthumously through the collected works published by

Friedrich Torberg Friedrich Torberg (16 September 1908, Vienna, Alsergrund – 10 November 1979, Vienna) is the pen-name of Friedrich Kantor, an Austrian writer. Biography He worked as a critic and journalist in Vienna and Prague until 1938, when his Jewish he ...

. As an editor, however, Torberg made significant changes to Herzmanovsky-Orlando's texts, which led to severe criticism from literary studies. For example, in ''Masquerade of Geniuses'' (''Maskenspiel der Genien''), Torberg changed the name of the "Empire of

Tarock Tarot games are card games played with tarot decks, that is, decks with numbered permanent trumps parallel to the suit cards. The games and decks which English-speakers call by the French name Tarot are called Tarocchi in the original Italian, ...

" completely arbitrarily from Tarockia (''Tarockei'') to Tarockania (''Tarockanien''), obviously based on the term Kakania (''Kakanien'') in

Robert Musil Robert Musil (; 6 November 1880 – 15 April 1942) was an Austrian philosophical writer. His unfinished novel, ''The Man Without Qualities'' (german: link=no, Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften), is generally considered to be one of the most important ...

's '' Man Without Qualities''. Herzmanovsky-Orlando envisaged a certain harmony with

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

or the earlier

Byzantium Byzantium () or Byzantion ( grc, Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium'' cont ...

. Only the second collected works, published by Germanists two decades later, gave a faithful rendering of the original text. In his works, Herzmanovsky-Orlando fantasized about a mystical dreamland called "Tarockia" (''Tarockei''), which he portrayed in an extravagant,

baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

style that bordered on the parodistic. He had Italian humanist, Cyriaco de' Pizzicolli, appear as the main character of his grotesquely fantastic novel, ''Masquerade of Geniuses''. In addition to contacts with the

Munich Cosmic Circle The Munich Cosmic Circle was a group of writers and intellectuals in Munich, Germany at the turn of the 20th century, founded by esotericist Alfred Schuler (1865–1923), philosopher Ludwig Klages (1872–1956), and poet Karl Wolfskehl (1869–19 ...

and other, equally irrational-esoteric groups, he became involved in the

esoteric Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas a ...

and mystic, including the right-wing esoteric ideas of

Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels Adolf Josef Lanz (19 July 1874 – 22 April 1954), also known under his pseudonym as Fascism, fascist agitator Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels, was an Austrian political and racial theorist and occultist, who was a pioneer of Ariosophy. He was a former ...

and

pseudoscience Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or falsifiability, unfa ...

. Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando was a member of the New Temple Order founded by

. An example of his esoteric orientation is his "discovery" that the legendary "saline women" in Tyrol, who also appear in his ''Tyrolean Dragon Play'' (''Tiroler Drachenspiel''), were actually

yoga Yoga (; sa, योग, lit=yoke' or 'union ) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consciou ...

girls who at certain points, the so-called "earth navels" (''Erdnabel''), could cause gene mutations by dancing. His only known work as an architect is the house at Wehrgasse 22 in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

–

Margareten Margareten (; bar, Magredn) is the fifth district of Vienna (german: 5. Bezirk, Margareten). It is near the old town of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850, but borders changed later.

Audio drama

* ''Der verirrte böse Hund'' (''The Wicked Stray Dog'').

Ballets and pantomimes

* ''Der Zaubergarten oder Zweimal tot und lebendig.'' (''The Magic Garden or Twice Dead and Alive''). A Salzburg ballet "for people with strong nerves." * ''Die Fahrt ins Traumland.'' (''A Trip into the Land of Dreams''). Surrealistic ballet. * ''Youghiogheny.'' A pantomime. Overture and one act. * ''Diana and Endymion.'' Viennese ballet in three acts. * ''Der Raub der Europa.'' (''The Rape of Europe''). Pantomime in three acts. * ''Abduhenendas mißratene Töchter.'' (''Abduction of the Wayward Daughters'') "Grotesque, danced, spoken and sun in four acts." * ''Das Bajaderenopfer'' (''The Bayadere Sacrifice'') Ballet.

Stories

* ''Cavaliere Huscher oder von Ybs verhängnisvolle Meerfahrt. Eine Erzählung'' * ''Dem Andenken der großen Naiven Stella Hohenfels'' * ''Don Carlos. Ein Erlebnis'' * ''Kleine Geschichten um Gustav Meyrink'' * ''Beethovens letzte Magd. Eine historische Reminiszenz'' * ''Onkel Tonis verpatzter Heiliger Abend'' * ''Onkel Toni und Nietzsche'' * ''Onkel Toni und die Klystierspritze'' * ''Das Unheil breitet seine Fittiche über die Familie Watzka aus'' * ''Das Unglück mit den Wanzen'' * ''Das Familienbild'' * ''Das jüngste Gericht'' * ''Pater Kniakals erbauliche Predigt'' * ''Der Mann mit den drei Schuhen'' * ''Gibt es Wassertrompeter?'' * ''Der konfuse Brief'' * ''Der Zwerg im Nebel'' * ''Der Kommandant von Kalymnos. Ein Mysterium aus dem Rokoko der Levante'' * ''Apoll von Nichts. Novelle'' * ''Apoll von Nichts. Skurrile Erzählung von Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando (Meran)'' * ''Der verirrte böse Hund. Erzählung'' Sketches, fragments and letters.

Books

* ''Der Kommandant von Kalymnos.'' Vienna, 1926 * ''Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz.'' A. Wolf Verlag, Vienna, 1928 * ''Der letzte Hofzwerg.'' Vienna, 1928 * ''Gesammelte Werke.'' (ed. and revised by

), Langen-Müller Verlag, Munich ** Vol. 1. ''Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz.'' 1957 ** Vol. 2. ''Maskenspiel der Genien.'' 1958 ** Vol. 3. ''Lustspiele und Ballette.'' 1960 ** Vol. 4. ''Cavaliere Huscher und andere Erzählungen.'' 1963 * ''Tarockanische Miniaturen.'' Graz etc. 1964 * ''Zeichnungen.'' Salzburg 1965 * ''Zerbinettas Befreiung.'' Frankfurt am Main 1965 * ''Tarockanische Geheimnisse.'' Vienna 1974 * ''Das Gesamtwerk.'' Munich etc. 1975 * ''Kaiser Joseph und die Bahnwärterstochter.'' Frankfurt 1975 * '''s Wiesenhendl oder Der abgelehnte Drilling.'' Köln 1975 * ''Prinz Hamlet der Osterhase oder „Selawie" oder Baby Wallenstein.'' Köln 1975 * ''Perle und Tarockanien.'' Munich 1980 (with

) * ''Sämtliche Werke.'' Salzburg etc. ** Vol. 1. ''Österreichische Trilogie, 1. Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz''. (ed. and comments by Susanna Kirschl-Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1983 ** Vol. 2. ''Österreichische Trilogie, 2. Rout am fliegenden Holländer''. (ed. and comments by Susanna Kirschl-Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1984 ** Vol. 3. ''Österreichische Trilogie, 3. Das Maskenspiel der Genien''. (ed. and comments by Susanna Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1989 ** Vol. 4. ''Erzählungen, Pantomimen und Ballette''(ed. and comments by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher and Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1991 ** Vol. 5. ''Zwischen Prosa und Drama''. (ed. and comments by Susanna Kirschl-Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1986 ** Vol. 6. ''Dramen''. (ed. and comments by Klaralinda Kircher), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1985 ** Vol. 7. ''Der Briefwechsel mit Alfred Kubin 1903 bis 1952''. (ed. and comments by Michael Klein), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1983 ** Vol. 8. ''Ausgewählte Briefwechsel 1885 bis 1954''. (ed. and comments by Max Reinisch), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1989 ** Vol. 9. ''Skizzen und Fragmente''. (ed. and comments by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1992 ** Vol. 10. ''Sinfonietta Canzonetta Austriaca''. (ed. und komm. von Susanna Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 1994 * ''Im Garten der Erkenntnis.'' Salzburg etc. 1988 * ''Das Beste von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Vienna 1995 * ''Das grafische Werk.'' Krems (1987–1997) ** Vol. 1. ''1893–1899.'' ** Vol. 2. ''1900–1917.'' ** Vol. 3. ''Druckgrafik.'' ** Vol. 4. ''1918–1920 Zeichnungen.'' ** Vol. 5. ''1918–1920 Skizzen.'' ** Vol. 6. ''1921–1954.'' ** Vol. 7. ''Zur eigenen Literatur.'' ** Vol. 8. ''Entwürfe, Scherenschnitte, Exlibris.'' * ''Sämtliche Werke in drei Büchern bei Zweitausendeins'', Zweitausendeins, Frankfurt am Main 1997? (Lizenzausgabe der ''Sämtlichen Werke'', Residenz Verlag, 1983ff) ** Book 1: Band I (Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz), Band II: Rout am Fliegenden Holländer, Band III: Das Maskenspiel der Genien, Band IV: Erzählungen, Pantomimen und Ballette ** Book 2: Band V: Zwischen Prosa und Drama, Band VI: Dramen, Band IX: Skizzen und Fragmente ** Book 3: Band X: Sinfonietta Canzonetta Austriaca * ''Gaulschreck, Hofzwerg, Exzellenzen.'' Munich 2001 * ''Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz.'' (ed. by Susanna Goldberg), Residenz Verlag, Salzburg-Vienna 2004, * ''Scoglio Pomo oder Rout am Fliegenden Holländer.'' (ed. by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten-Salzburg 2007, * ''Prosa – Erzählungen und Skizzen.'' (ed. by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten-Salzburg 2008, * ''Das Maskenspiel der Genien.'' (ed. by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten-Salzburg 2010, * ''Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz.'' (ed. by Klaralinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten-Salzburg-Vienna 2013, * ''Ausgewählte Werke.'' (ed. by Klaradlinda Ma-Kircher), Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten 2013,

References

Literature

* ''Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Linz 1969. * ''Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Vienna 1970. * Friedrich Bohne (ed.): ''Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Nuremberg 1961. * Barbara Bronnen: ''Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Munich 1965 * Tino Erben (ed.): ''Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' Vienna 1977. * Bernhard Fetz, Klaralinda Ma, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler (ed.): ''Phantastik auf Abwegen. Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando im Kontext.'' Vienna 2004. * Monika von Gagern: ''Ideologie und Phantasmagorie Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlandos.'' Munich 1972. * Gregor Gatscher-Riedl: "Die Perchtoldsdorfer "Theresienau" und Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando. Zum 90-jährigen Jubiläum von "Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz"." In: ''Heimatkundliche Beilage'' um Amtsblatt der Bezirkshauptmannschaft Mödling 53rd year, F. 3, (Mödling 5 September 2018), pp. 21f. * * Arnulf Meifert, Manfred Kopriva (ed.): ''Forscher im Zwischenreich. Der Zeichner Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando.'' St. Pölten-Salzburg-Vienna 2012, . * Inge Podbrecky: "Das Katzenhaus. Eine neu entdeckte Arbeit von Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando?" In: ''Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalpflege.'' LXIII, Issue 3–4, 2009, pp. 301–305. * Astrid Wallner: ''Allotria in artibus.'' Vienna 1990. * Gabriele Van Zon: ''Word and picture.'' New York nd others1991. * Ingold Zeisberger: ''Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlandos „Gaulschreck im Rosennetz“. Aspekte der frühen Moderne in der „Österreichischen Trilogie“.'' Saarbrücken 2011.

External links

Teilnachlass
in der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek Wien * *
Brenner Archiv
der Universität Innsbruck * Eintrag übe
Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando
in: Lexikon Literatur in Tirol {{DEFAULTSORT:Herzmanovsky-Orlando, Fritz von Austrian architects Austrian illustrators 20th-century Austrian dramatists and playwrights Nazi Party members Artists from Vienna People from Merano 1877 births 1954 deaths Austro-Hungarian architects