Friedrich August Stüler (28 January 1800 – 18 March 1865) was an influential
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
n architect and builder. His masterpiece is the
Neues Museum
The Neues Museum (English: ''New Museum'') is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. Built from 1843 to 1855 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles, it ...
in
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
, as well as the dome of the triumphal arch of the main portal of the
Berliner Schloss
The Berlin Palace (german: Berliner Schloss), formally the Royal Palace (german: Königliches Schloss), on the Museum Island in the Mitte area of Berlin, was the main residence of the House of Hohenzollern from 1443 to 1918. Expanded by order of ...
.
Life
Stüler was born on 28 January 1800 in
Mühlhausen
Mühlhausen () is a city in the north-west of Thuringia, Germany, north of Niederdorla, the country's geographical centre, north-west of Erfurt, east of Kassel and south-east of Göttingen.
Mühlhausen was first mentioned in 967 and bec ...
. In 1818 he started studying architecture and became a student of
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (13 March 1781 – 9 October 1841) was a Prussian architect, city planner and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets. Schinkel was one of the most prominent architects of Germany and designed both neoclassica ...
in Berlin. After travelling to France and Italy together with
Eduard Knoblauch
(Carl Heinrich) Eduard Knoblauch (born 25 September 1801 in Berlin; died 29 May 1865 in Berlin) was a Germans, German architect.
Eduard Knoblauch was born in his family's house on Poststraße 23 in the Nikolaiviertel neighborhood in Berlin, Ge ...
in 1829 and 1830 and to Russia together with
Heinrich Strack
Johann Heinrich Strack (6 July 1805, Bückeburg – 13 June 1880, Berlin) was a German architect of the '' Schinkelschule''. His notable works include the Berlin Victory Column.
Life and work
His father, , was a painter of portraits and vedut ...
in 1831, Stüler became ''Hofbauinspektor'' (Royal Buildings Inspector), ''Hofbaurat'' (Royal privy councillor for buildings) and director of the commission for the building of the
Berliner Stadtschloss in 1832. In 1837, he planned the rebuilding of the
Winter Palace
The Winter Palace ( rus, Зимний дворец, Zimnij dvorets, p=ˈzʲimnʲɪj dvɐˈrʲɛts) is a palace in Saint Petersburg that served as the official residence of the Emperor of all the Russias, Russian Emperor from 1732 to 1917. The p ...
in
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, but failed to realise these plans because Tsar
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas I , group=pron ( – ) was List of Russian rulers, Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He was the third son of Paul I of Russia, Paul I and younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I ...
decided to rebuild the original
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
/
Rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
palace instead of Stülers
Neo-Renaissance
Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range o ...
concept. Stüler then returned to Berlin, where King
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Frederick William IV (german: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to ...
opened a huge array of tasks to him, making him ''Architekt des Königs'' (Royal architect) in 1842.
Together with King Frederick William, who had previously (since his first journey to Italy in 1828) studied Italian architecture, Stüler incorporated
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...
and
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...
architecture in what was to become ''Prussian
Arcadia
Arcadia may refer to:
Places Australia
* Arcadia, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
* Arcadia, Queensland
* Arcadia, Victoria
Greece
* Arcadia (region), a region in the central Peloponnese
* Arcadia (regional unit), a modern administrative un ...
''. They also conceived a recourse to early Christian motives such as the liturgy of the
Early church
Early Christianity (up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325) spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to already established Jewish centers in the Holy Land and the Jewish ...
to avoid political problems with the contemporary church. After the death of
Ludwig Persius
Friedrich Ludwig Persius (15 February 1803 in Potsdam – 12 July 1845 in Potsdam) was a Prussian architect and a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Persius assisted Schinkel with, among others, the building of the Charlottenhof Castle an ...
, Stüler assumed control of the building of the Friedenskirche in Potsdam in 1845. Joint journeys to Italy of Stüler and King Frederick William in 1858–59 deepened the Italian influence from medieval and Quattrocento buildings. His ideas for
Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relative ...
or the techniques he used for the
Neues Museum
The Neues Museum (English: ''New Museum'') is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. Built from 1843 to 1855 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles, it ...
are more likely influenced from a journey to England in 1842. The building was badly damaged during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, but was reopened in 2009.
Stüler died in Berlin, where he is buried in the
Dorotheenstadt cemetery
The Dorotheenstadt Cemetery, officially the Cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Parishes, is a landmarked Protestant burial ground located in the Berlin district of Mitte which dates to the late 18th century. The entrance to the ...
.
Works
![Belvedere auf dem Pfingstberg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Belvedere_auf_dem_Pfingstberg.jpg)
While many of the buildings Stüler built were destroyed in World War II, a few were restored – not in the original ways, but one can still see Stülers concepts on the outside, especially in the Jakobi church in Berlin.
Commonly, Stüler is viewed as a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel as well as an architect of his own right, combining the wishes of Frederick William, Schinkels
Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aestheti ...
and the new
Historicism
Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying their history, that is, by studying the process by which they came about. The term is widely u ...
of the Wilhelminian era, though he didn't refer to himself as a student of Schinkel.
His works were:
* 1827–1831 probably restoring of the Dorfkirche
Parchen
* 1837 Planned the restoration of the
Winter Palace
The Winter Palace ( rus, Зимний дворец, Zimnij dvorets, p=ˈzʲimnʲɪj dvɐˈrʲɛts) is a palace in Saint Petersburg that served as the official residence of the Emperor of all the Russias, Russian Emperor from 1732 to 1917. The p ...
in Saint Petersburg
* 1834–1837
St. Peter und Paul auf Nikolskoje,
Berlin-Zehlendorf
Zehlendorf () is a locality within the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin. Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform Zehlendorf was a borough in its own right, consisting of the locality of Zehlendorf as well as Wannsee, Nikolassee and ...
* 1839–1843
Schloss Alt-Autz
* 1842 Conversion of the
Kurfürstliches Schloss in
Koblenz
Koblenz (; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz''), spelled Coblenz before 1926, is a German city on the banks of the Rhine and the Moselle, a multi-nation tributary.
Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman mili ...
* 1842–45 Addendum to the
Franziskaner-Klosterkirche
The Franziskaner-Klosterkirche was a church in the Mitte district of Berlin, founded in 1250 and now in ruins.
History
It was founded in 1250 in the early Gothic style as a monastery church for a Franciscan house. It was a fieldstone church, ...
in Berlin
* 1843–44 Jagdschloss Letzlingen
* 1853–55 Dorfkirche in
Basedow (Mecklenburg)
Basedow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country i ...
* 1843–1855
Neues Museum
The Neues Museum (English: ''New Museum'') is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. Built from 1843 to 1855 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles, it ...
* 1844–1845 St. Jacobi-Kirche in
Berlin-Kreuzberg
Kreuzberg () is a district of Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough located south of Mitte. During the Cold War era, it was one of the poorest areas of West Berlin, but since German reunification in 1990 it has ...
* 1844–1863
University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (german: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussi ...
* 1844–1846 St. Matthäus-Church,
Berlin-Tiergarten
* around 1845 Royal Castle in
Breslau, (destroyed 1945)
* 1845–1854
Friedenskirche
The Protestant Church of Peace (german: Friedenskirche) is situated in the Marly Gardens on the Green Fence (''Am Grünen Gitter'') in the palace grounds of Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, Germany. The church was built according to the wishes and ...
in
Potsdam
Potsdam () is the capital and, with around 183,000 inhabitants, largest city of the German state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream of B ...
* 1845 Evangelical church in Wiehl-Drabenderhöhe
* 1845 plans for the Emanuelkirche,
Schirwindt
Kutuzovo (russian: Куту́зово; german: Schirwindt, pl, Szyrwinta, lt, Širvinta) is an abandoned rural locality (a settlement) in Krasnoznamensky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the eastern extreme of the oblast. It ...
(dedicated 1856, destroyed 1944)
* 1846–1856 Interior design of the reconstructed Roman Palace auditorium (sog. Basilika),
Trier
Trier ( , ; lb, Tréier ), formerly known in English as Trèves ( ;) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the ...
, (destroyed)
* 1847–1853 Castle of the Fürsten Radolin in
Jarotschin
* 1847–1863
Belvedere auf dem Pfingstberg
The Belvedere on the Pfingstberg (german: link=no, Belvedere auf dem Pfingstberg) is a large structure north of the New Garden in Potsdam, Germany, at the summit of Pfingstberg hill. It was commissioned by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia a ...
, Potsdam
* 1848–1852 Church in
Caputh, Brandenburg
Caputh (also known as Kaputh) is a village in the municipality of Schwielowsee, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Brandenburg, Germany.
Caputh got a railway station in 1904. Since the early 20th century it was seen as a remote residential area by wealthy u ...
* City church St. Johannis in
Niemegk
Niemegk () is a town in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the ''Amt'' ("collective municipality") Niemegk.
Geography
The municipal area is situated on the northeastern slopes of the Flämi ...
* 1848–1866
National Museum of Fine Arts in
Stockholm
Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...
* 1850–1867
Burg Hohenzollern
Hohenzollern Castle (german: Burg Hohenzollern ) is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern. The third of three hilltop castles built on the site, it is located atop Mount Hohenzollern, above and south of Hechingen, on the ed ...
*1850: grave monument to lieutenant general
Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch on the
Invalids´Cemetery in Berlin
* 1851–1864 Orangerie in
Potsdam
Potsdam () is the capital and, with around 183,000 inhabitants, largest city of the German state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream of B ...
* 1851 Triumphal gate am Mühlenberg, Potsdam
* 1851
Schwerin Castle
Schwerin Castle (also known as ''Schwerin Palace'', german: Schweriner Schloss, ), is a schloss located in the city of Schwerin, the capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state, Germany. It is situated on an island in the city's main lake, Lake Sch ...
* 1853 St. Archangel Michael's Church in
Rietavas
Rietavas (; Samogitian: ''Rėitavs''; pl, Retów) is a city in Lithuania on the Jūra River. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 3,979. It is the capital of Rietavas municipality.
The city is famous for building the first power ...
,
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
* 1851–1857 Bridge over the
Vistula
The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland.
The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in ...
in
Dirschau
Tczew (, csb, Dërszewò; formerly ) is a city on the Vistula River in Eastern Pomerania, Kociewie, northern Poland with 59,111 inhabitants (December 2021). The city is known for its Old Town and the Vistula Bridge, or Bridge of Tczew, which pl ...
*1851–59 Two guard barracks across from the
Charlottenburg Palace
Schloss Charlottenburg (Charlottenburg Palace) is a Baroque palace in Berlin, located in Charlottenburg, a district of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough.
The palace was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during th ...
(now home to the
Scharf-Gerstenberg Collection
The Scharf-Gerstenberg Collection (german: Sammlung Scharf-Gerstenberg) is an art museum in Berlin. Its collection of paintings, graphics and sculptures, spanning the period from French Romanticism to Surrealism, is currently housed in former ro ...
and the
Berggruen Museum
The Berggruen Museum (also known as the Berggruen Collection) is a collection of modern art classics in Berlin, which the collector and dealer Heinz Berggruen, in a "gesture of reconciliation", gave to his native city. The most notable artists ...
), Berlin
* 1852–1859 Barracks of the "Garde du Corps" across from
Schloss Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg (Charlottenburg Palace) is a Baroque palace in Berlin, located in Charlottenburg, a district of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough.
The palace was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during t ...
in
Berlin-Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg () is a Boroughs and localities of Berlin, locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a German town law, town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Kingdom ...
* 1853–1856 Restoration of the
Lutherhaus
The Lutherhaus is a writer's house museum in Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany. Originally built in 1504 as part of the University of Wittenberg, the building was the home of Martin Luther for most of his adult life and a significant location in t ...
in
Lutherstadt Wittenberg
Wittenberg ( , ; Low Saxon: ''Wittenbarg''; meaning ''White Mountain''; officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg (''Luther City Wittenberg'')), is the fourth largest town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Wittenberg is situated on the River Elbe, north of ...
* 1854–1855 Bornstedter Kirche, Potsdam
* 1855–1861 Wallraf-Richartz-Museum,
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 m ...
, (destroyed)
* 1857 Addendum to the Church St. Johannis in
Berlin-Moabit
Moabit () is an inner city locality in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. As of 2016, around 77,000 people lived in Moabit. First inhabited in 1685 and incorporated into Berlin in 1861, the former industrial and working-class neighbourhood ...
, originally built by Schinkel (Portico, Colonnade, Vicarage and Steeple)
* 1857–1860 Trinitatis Church, Cologne
* 1858 Werdersche Kirche, Werder an der Havel
* 1858–1859 Dorfkirche in Stolpe,
Berlin-Wannsee
Wannsee () is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger ''Großer Wannsee'' (Greater Wannsee, "See" means lake) and the ...
* 1858–1874 Domkandidatenstift in
Berlin-Mitte
Mitte () (German for "middle" or "center") is a central locality () of Berlin in the eponymous district () of Mitte. Until 2001, it was itself an autonomous district.
Mitte proper comprises the historic center of Alt-Berlin centered on the chu ...
(completed by Stüve)
* 1859 Conversion of Schloss Prötzel
* 1859–1866
Neue Synagoge
The New Synagogue (german: Neue Synagoge) on Oranienburger Straße in Berlin is a mid-19th century synagogue built as the main place of worship for Berlin's History of the Jews in Germany, Jewish community, succeeding the Old Synagogue (Berlin ...
in Berlin-Mitte
* 1859–1861 Schlosskirche of the Jagdschloss Letzlingen
* 1859–1862 Dorfkirche Pinnow (near Oranienburg)
* 1860–1864 Klassizistische Orangerie of the Zehnthof in
Sinzig
Sinzig is a town in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the river Rhine, about 5 km south-east of Remagen and 25 km south-east of Bonn, and it has approximately 20,000 inhabitants (2004).
...
* 1860 Timber-framed church in Dippmannsdorf
* 1862–1865
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( hu, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA) is the most important and prestigious learned society of Hungary. Its seat is at the bank of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. Its ma ...
,
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
* 1862–1876
Alte Nationalgalerie
The Alte Nationalgalerie ( ''Old National Gallery'') is a listed building on the Museum Island in the Mitte (locality), historic centre of Berlin, Germany. The gallery was built from 1862 to 1876 by the order of King Frederick William IV of Prussi ...
in Berlin-Mitte
* 1864–1866 Pfarrkirche St. Nicolai in Oranienburg
* 1864 Concept of the Twelve-Apostle-Church in
Berlin-Schöneberg, built 1871–74 by
Hermann Blankenstein
* 1865 Conversion of the castle of
Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz (; East Low German: ''Niegenstrelitz'') is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 ...
(posthumously)
*
![Stülerbau Sammlung Berggruen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/St%C3%BClerbau_Sammlung_Berggruen.jpg)
1867 Stadtkirche in
Fehrbellin
Fehrbellin is a municipality in Germany, located 60 km NW of Berlin. It had 9,310 inhabitants as of 2005, but has since declined to 8,606 inhabitants in 2012.
History
In 1675, the Battle of Fehrbellin was fought there, in which the troops of ...
(posthumously)
References
External links
* (short biography in German)
Very short Biographyin English
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stuler, Friedrich August
1800 births
1865 deaths
People from Mühlhausen
German neoclassical architects
People from the Province of Saxony
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
19th-century German architects
Burials at the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery