Freycinetia Sumatrana
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''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
in the
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
family
Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...
. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the
tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropics The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and ...
of
South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; ...
and the western
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
, from
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
eastwards through the mainland of
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
to the
Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...
floristic region, and southwards to northern
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
(
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...
,
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...
, northern
New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...
),
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...
, and
New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
. '' F. banksii'' is the only extant New Zealand member of the family
Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...
, and is found naturally as far south as the
temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...
South Island The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman ...
. They have been found growing in
tropical forest Tropical forests (a.k.a. jungle) are forested landscapes in tropical regions: ''i.e.'' land areas approximately bounded by the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds. Some tropical fores ...
s, coastal forests, humid mountain forests and associated
biome A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...
s, from sea level to mountains
cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...
s. The genus was named by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré for Admiral
Louis de Freycinet Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet (7 August 1779 – 18 August 1841) was a French Navy officer. He circumnavigated the earth, and in 1811 published the first map to show a full outline of the coastline of Australia. Biography He was born at ...
, a 19th-century
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
explorer.


Selected species

*''
Freycinetia aculeata ''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of South As ...
'' Sinaga – (
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...
) *'' Freycinetia allantoidea'' A.P.Keim – (New Guinea) *''
Freycinetia arborea ''Freycinetia arborea'', ''Ieie'', is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to the Pacific Islands. ''Ieie'' is found in moist forest on the Hawaiian, Marquesas, Austral, Society, and Cook Islands. ...
'' Gaudich. – ''Ieie'' ( Pacific Is.,
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
, Fr. Polynesia, Cook Is.) *'' Freycinetia auriculata''
Merr. Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through ...
– (
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
) *''
Freycinetia banksii Kiekie (''Freycinetia banksii'') is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber native to New Zealand. It is a member of the screwpalm family Pandanaceae. Kiekie has numerous cane-like stems up to 40 mm in diameter, which freely produce aer ...
''
A.Cunn. Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in Australia to collect plants. Early life Cunningham was born in Wimbledon, Surrey, England, the son of Allan Cunnin ...
– Kiekie (New Zealand) *'' Freycinetia berbakensis'' Pasaribu – (
Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. The ...
) *'' Freycinetia boninensis'' Nakai – (
Bonin Islands The Bonin Islands, also known as the , are an archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands, some directly south of Tokyo, Japan and northwest of Guam. The name "Bonin Islands" comes from the Japanese word ''bunin'' (an archaic readi ...
endemic) *'' Freycinetia cumingiana'' Gaudich. – (Philippines) *'' Freycinetia daymanensis'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia delicata'' Huynh – (
New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
) *'' Freycinetia dewildeorum'' Pasaribu – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia excelsa''
F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victo ...
– (Australia, New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia formosana''
Hemsl. William Botting Hemsley (29 December 1843, in East Hoathly – 7 October 1924, in Kent) was an English botanist and 1909 Victoria Medal (horticulture), Victoria Medal of Honour recipient. He was born in East Hoathly, Sussex and in 1860 started wo ...
– (Taiwan, Philippines, Ryukyu Is. sthn Japan) *'' Freycinetia gunungmejensis'' Sinaga – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia imbricata'' Blume – (Philippines) *'' Freycinetia insueta'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia involuta'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia javanica'' Blume – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia kamialiensis'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia kartawinatae'' A.P.Keim – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia kwerbaensis'' A.P.Keim – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia leuserensis'' Pasaribu – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia luzonensis'' C.Presl – (Philippines) *'' Freycinetia marginata'' Blume – (Australia, New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia mariannensis'' Merr. – (
Mariana Islands The Mariana Islands (; also the Marianas; in Chamorro: ''Manislan Mariånas'') are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, betw ...
) *'' Freycinetia maxima'' Merr. – (Philippines) *'' Freycinetia modica'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia multiflora'' Merr. – (Philippines) *'' Freycinetia neoglaucescens'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia panica'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia percostata'' Merr. &
L.M.Perry Lily May Perry (1895-1992) was a Canadian-American botanist who worked at Arnold Arboretum and is most known for detailed compilation of information on medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia and her assistance with the ''Flora of New Guinea' ...
– (Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Is.) *'' Freycinetia ponapensis'' Martelli – (
Pohnpei Pohnpei "upon (''pohn'') a stone altar (''pei'')" (formerly known as Ponape or Ascension, Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic: ''*Fawo ni pei)'' is an island of the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group. It belongs to Pohnpei ...
, Caroline Islands) *'' Freycinetia pseudograminifolia'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia rubripedata'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia runcingensis'' A.P.Keim – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia scabrosa'' Pasaribu – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia scandens'' Gaudich. – (Australia, New Guinea, Malesia) *'' Freycinetia scitula'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia separata'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia spinifera'' A.P.Keim – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia starensis'' Huynh – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia storckii'' Seem. – (
Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...
) *'' Freycinetia streimannii'' A.P.Keim – (New Guinea) *'' Freycinetia subracemosa'' A.P.Keim – (Malesia) *'' Freycinetia subulata'' Huynh – (New Caledonia) *'' Freycinetia sumatrana'' Hemsl. – (Malesia) *''
Freycinetia sumbawaensis ''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of South Asia ...
'' A.P.Keim & M.Rahayu – (Malesia) *''
Freycinetia urvilleana ''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of South Asia ...
'' Hombr. &
Jacq. Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 172726 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany. Biography Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Par ...
( to, kahikahi) – (
Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western p ...
, Pacific Is.) : Synonym: ''F. milnei'' Seem. *''
Freycinetia wamenaensis ''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of South Asia ...
'' A.P.Keim – (New Guinea) *''
Freycinetia williamsii ''Freycinetia'' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. The genus comprises approximately 180–200 species, most of them climbers. The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of South Asia ...
'' Merr. – (Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands sthn Japan)


References


Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Freycinetia''
*
''Freycinetia of Sumatra''


Cited works

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q311182 Pandanales genera