Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the

Canadian province Within the geographical areas of Canada, the ten provinces and three territories are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North ...

New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...

. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 63,116 and a metropolitan population of 108,610 in the

2021 Canadian Census The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, which is sl ...

. It is the third-largest city in the province after

Moncton Moncton (; ) is the most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of New Brunswick. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the The Maritimes, Maritime Provinces. The ...

and Saint John. An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, the

New Brunswick College of Craft and Design The New Brunswick College of Craft and Design (NBCCD) is a public art college in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. The college's campus is located in downtown Fredericton, near the Saint John River. The college offers several fine arts and ...

, and cultural institutions such as the

Beaverbrook Art Gallery The Beaverbrook Art Gallery is a public art gallery in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is named after William Maxwell "Max" Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook, who funded the building of the gallery and assembled the original collection. It opened i ...

, the Fredericton Region Museum, and The Playhouse, a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual

Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival The Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival is an annual music festival held each September in downtown Fredericton, New Brunswick, that features blues, jazz and world music. The first festival in 1991 was held over four days in various existing venues ...

, attracting regional and international

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...

blues Blues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the Afr ...

rock Rock most often refers to: * Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids * Rock music, a genre of popular music Rock or Rocks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...

, and

world In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the worl ...

artists. Fredericton is also an important and vibrant centre point for the region's top visual artists; many of New Brunswick's notable artists live and work there today. Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well, including

Goodridge Roberts William Goodridge Roberts (1904–1974) was a Canadian painter known for his landscape paintings, still lifes, figure paintings and interiors. He was also a teacher. Career Goodridge Roberts was the son of poet and novelist George Edward Theod ...

, and Molly and

Bruno Bobak Bruno Bobak, LL.D., D.Litt (born Bronislaw Jacob Bobak; 27 December 1923 – 24 September 2012) was a Polish-born Canadian war painter and art teacher. His main medium was watercolour painting but he also produced woodcuts. Early years and war a ...

. As a provincial capital, its economy is tied to the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick.

History

There is archaeological evidence of a camp in the area 12,000 years ago, and

Maliseet The Wəlastəkwewiyik, or Maliseet (, also spelled Malecite), are an Algonquian-speaking First Nation of the Wabanaki Confederacy. They are the indigenous people of the Wolastoq ( Saint John River) valley and its tributaries. Their territory ...

s farmed several kilometres upriver. Colonists from the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France ( fro, Reaume de France; frm, Royaulme de France; french: link=yes, Royaume de France) is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period. ...

in the late 1600s built

Fort Nashwaak Fort Nashwaak (also known as Fort Naxoat, Fort St. Joseph) was the capital of Acadia and is now a National Historic Sites of Canada, National Historic Site of Canada in present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It was located strategically ...

on the north side of the Saint John River, as the capital of

Acadia Acadia (french: link=no, Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. During much of the 17th and early ...

. It withstood a British attack in 1696, but the capital was later moved to Port Royale. In 1713 Acadians escaping the British takeover of

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

settled the site, naming it Pointe Ste-Anne. It was destroyed in 1758 when the population of about 83 were exiled during the

expulsion of the Acadians The Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as the Great Upheaval, the Great Expulsion, the Great Deportation, and the Deportation of the Acadians (french: Le Grand Dérangement or ), was the forced removal, by the British, of the Acadian pe ...

. It was in 1783, when

United Empire Loyalist United Empire Loyalists (or simply Loyalists) is an honorific title which was first given by the 1st Lord Dorchester, the Governor of Quebec, and Governor General of The Canadas, to American Loyalists who resettled in British North America duri ...

s arrived from New England, that the history of modern Fredericton began. The following year New Brunswick was partitioned from

and became its own colony. Pointe-Ste-Anne was renamed "Fredericstown", after

Frederick Frederick may refer to: People * Frederick (given name), the name Nobility Anhalt-Harzgerode *Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670) Austria * Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198 * Frederick ...

, second son of King

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

. It became the capital of the new colony, being considered to have a better defensive position than larger Saint John. The streets were laid out in the typical grid pattern of the time, with the names reflecting loyalist tendencies: Charlotte, Brunswick, George, King, and Queen. In 1785 it became the shire town of York County. In 1790 the

New Brunswick Legislative Building The New Brunswick Legislative Building (french: Édifice de l'Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the home to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, and is located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Opened in 1882, the Second ...

was constructed. As a centre of government, it attracted educational institutions, with King's College (now the

University of New Brunswick The University of New Brunswick (UNB) is a public university with two primary campuses in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick. It is the oldest English-language university in Canada, and among the oldest public universities in North Americ ...

) being the first English-language university in Canada, and religious institutions, with Christ Church Cathedral being built as the seat of the Anglican

Diocese of Fredericton The Diocese of Fredericton is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. Established in 1845, its first bishop was John Medley, who served until his death on September 9, 1892. Its cathedral and diocesan ...

in 1853. It was a British garrison town from 1784 to 1869, and the military compound is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada. With the

New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program New Brunswick's Equal Opportunity Program was a government program that transformed social services in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It was begun in 1967 under the leadership of premier Louis Robichaud. The program was one of a series o ...

in the 1960s, county councils were abolished, and government services were centralized provincially in Fredericton, increasing jobs and population.

Geography

The Saint John River runs through Fredericton, with most of the city's post-war suburban development occurring on the gently sloping hills on either side of the river (although the downtown core is flat and lies low to the river). At an altitude of about above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In the west side, the bedrock underneath the earth is topographically dominant, whereas the other is controlled by

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...

and recent deposits leading to the rivers (resulting in the area being shallow and wide). Fredericton and its surroundings are rich in water resources, which, coupled with highly arable soil, make the Fredericton region ideal for agriculture. The Saint John River and one of its major tributaries, the

Nashwaak River The Nashwaak River, located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, is a tributary of the Saint John River. It is 113 kilometres long. The river rises from Nashwaak Lake (southeast of the village of Juniper) and flows south and east through uni ...

, come together in Fredericton. The uninhabited parts of the city are heavily forested.

Climate

Fredericton has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...

(

Dfb DFB may refer to: * Deerfield Beach, Florida, a city * Decafluorobutane, a fluorocarbon gas * Dem Franchize Boyz, former hip hop group, Atlanta, Georgia * Dfb, Köppen climate classification for Humid continental climate * Distributed-feedback ...

) with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. On average, Fredericton receives approximately of precipitation per year.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by

Statistics Canada Statistics Canada (StatCan; french: Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and cultur ...

, Fredericton had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. At the

census metropolitan area The census geographic units of Canada are the census subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's quinquennial census. These areas exist solely for the purposes of sta ...

(CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Fredericton CMA had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. The 2021 census reported that

immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...

(individuals born outside Canada) comprise 7,790 persons or 12.6% of the total population of Fredericton. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (765 persons or 9.8%), China (645 persons or 8.3%), United States of America (570 persons or 7.3%), Syria (505 persons or 6.5%), Philippines (500 persons or 6.4%), India (460 persons or 5.9%), Egypt (300 persons or 3.9%), Iran (245 persons or 3.1%), Lebanon (205 persons or 2.6%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (180 persons or 2.3%).

Ethnicity

Fredericton's population is predominantly

European Canadian European Canadians, or Euro-Canadians, are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to the continent of Europe. They form the largest panethnic group within Canada. In the 2021 Canadian census, 19,062,115 Canadians self-i ...

Indigenous peoples Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...

make up over 4% of the population and visible minorities make up approximately 10 percent, and include, in descending order of population,

Chinese Canadians , native_name = , native_name_lang = , image = Chinese Canadian population by province.svg , image_caption = Chinese Canadians as percent of population by province / territory , pop = 1,715,7704.63% of the ...

Black Canadians Black Canadians (also known as Caribbean-Canadians or Afro-Canadians) are people of full or partial sub-Saharan African descent who are citizens or permanent residents of Canada. The majority of Black Canadians are of Caribbean origin, though ...

South Asian Canadians South Asian Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to the Indian subcontinent, which includes the nations of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives. The term South Asian Can ...

Arab Canadians Arab Canadians (french: Arabo-Canadiens) come from all of the countries of the Arab world. According to the 2021 Census, there were 694,015 Canadians, or 1.87%, who claimed Arab ancestry. According to the 2011 Census there were 380,620 Canadia ...

, and refugees from the Syrian Civil War.

Language

English is spoken as a

mother tongue A first language, native tongue, native language, mother tongue or L1 is the first language or dialect that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongu ...

by 83.7% of residents. Other mother tongues are French (7.8%),

Chinese language Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the wor ...

s (2.1%), Arabic (1.7%), and Russian (0.6%).

Religion

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Fredericton included: *

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

(32,295 persons or 52.2%) *

Irreligion Irreligion or nonreligion is the absence or rejection of religion, or indifference to it. Irreligion takes many forms, ranging from the casual and unaware to full-fledged philosophies such as atheism and agnosticism, secular humanism and a ...

(25,150 persons or 40.7%) *

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

(2,305 persons or 3.7%) *

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

(820 persons or 1.3%) *

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

(225 persons or 0.4%) *

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

(190 persons or 0.3%) *

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

(160 persons or 0.3%) * Indigenous Spirituality (15 persons or <0.1%) *Other (670 persons or 1.1%) Those who declare a religion are predominantly Protestant. Fredericton has a

synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...

, a

mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...

, a

Hindu temple A Hindu temple, or ''mandir'' or ''koil'' in Indian languages, is a house, seat and body of divinity for Hindus. It is a structure designed to bring human beings and gods together through worship, sacrifice, and devotion.; Quote: "The Hind ...

, a Unitarian fellowship, and a

Shambhala Buddhist Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam Trungpa and his students. It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as reali ...

meditation centre.

Economy

The

Government of New Brunswick The Government of New Brunswick (french: Gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick) refers to the provincial government of the province of New Brunswick. Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867. The Provinces and territories of ...

and the universities are the primary employers. The policies of centralizing provincial government functions during the 1960s led to an expansion of the population. The 1960s also saw an expansion of the

due to increased post-war university enrolment, as well as the construction of Saint Thomas University. The Law School, now the

University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law The University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law is the second oldest university-based common law Faculty in the Commonwealth.Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio wave ...

initiative. This and other innovations by the city's utelco, e-Novations, led

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 seri ...

to do a case study on their successes. Fred-eZone spans much of the city's downtown and parts of surrounding residential areas, as well as peripheral commercial areas such as Fredericton's Regent Mall. In 2008 and 2009 the Intelligent Community Forum selected Fredericton as a Top 7 Intelligent Community, based partly on the city's work in the IT sector.

Arts and culture

The Playhouse is the main venue for Theatre New Brunswick, the province's largest professional theatre company. Festivals include the

, the

New Brunswick Summer Music Festival The New Brunswick Summer Music Festival presents classical chamber music, performed by some of Canada's finest performers. Concerts are held at Memorial Hall on the campus of the University of New Brunswick. Founded in 1994, the festival focuses on ...

, the

Silver Wave Film Festival The Silver Wave Film Festival is an annual film festival, which takes place in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Organized by the New Brunswick Film Cooperative, the festival programs a lineup of Canadian and international films, with a special b ...

and

Symphony New Brunswick Symphony New Brunswick is the largest classical music organization in the province of New Brunswick. It is based in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. The orchestra was founded in 1983 following the demise of the Halifax-based Atlantic Symphony Or ...

. Fredericton has a long literary tradition, having been home to

Jonathan Odell Jonathan Odell (25 September 1737 – 25 November 1818) was a Loyalist poet who lived during the American Revolution. Early life and career Odell was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1737 to John and Temperance Odell. He graduated from Princet ...

, Charles G. D. Roberts,

Bliss Carman William Bliss Carman (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years. In Canada, Car ...

, and Francis Sherman. Writers living in Fredericton include

Raymond Fraser Raymond Fraser (May 8, 1941 – October 22, 2018) was a Canadian biographer, editor, essayist, memoirist, novelist, poet and short story writer. Fraser published fourteen books of fiction, three of non-fiction, and eight poetry collections. Fras ...

Herb Curtis Herb Curtis (born 1949) is a Canadian novelist and humorist who writes about and has long lived in New Brunswick. He is best known for writing the Brennen Siding Trilogy, three connected novels set in the fictional community of Brennen Siding, New ...

David Adams Richards David Adams Richards (born 17 October 1950) is a Canadian writer and member of the Canadian Senate.

Mark Anthony Jarman Mark Anthony Jarman (born 11 June 1955 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian fiction writer. Jarman's work includes the novel ''Salvage King, Ya!'', the short story collection ''Knife Party at the Hotel Europa'' and the travel book ''Ireland's Eye. ...

, and

Gerard Beirne Gerard Beirne is an List of Irish writers, Irish author and literary editor. He is a fiction editor for ''The Fiddlehead'' and curates the online magazine ''The Irish Literary Times''. In 2008, Beirne served as Writer in Residence at the Unive ...

Fredericton's beloved fountain "Freddy the Nude Dude", officially known as "Putto with Fish" sits outside

City Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

at 397 Queen St. "Freddy the Nude Dude" was donated to the city b
Mayor George Edward Fentey
in 1885. The statue depicts a nude

Cherub A cherub (; plural cherubim; he, כְּרוּב ''kərūḇ'', pl. ''kərūḇīm'', likely borrowed from a derived form of akk, 𒅗𒊏𒁍 ''karabu'' "to bless" such as ''karibu'', "one who blesses", a name for the lamassu) is one of the u ...

and is a beloved fixture of downtown Fredericton. The famed statue has had some trouble since its historic arrival in 1885. In January 2013, "Freddy the Nude Dude" was taken south to Alabama for a replication of the original statue after 128 winters worth of damage. The original Freddy is kept safely inside

where it is protected from further weather damage.

Architecture

Styles range from Victorian to modern. There are 12

National Historic Sites of Canada National Historic Sites of Canada (french: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being ...

Museums and historic buildings

Old Government House Old Government House may refer to: * Old Government House, Parramatta, Australia * Old Government House, Queensland, Australia * Old Government House, South Australia, Australia * Old Government House, Hobart, Australia * Old Government House, Fred ...

* Fredericton Region Museum * Christ Church Cathedral *

New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame The New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame (french: Temple de la Renommée Sportive du Nouveau-Brunswick) is a provincial sports hall of fame and museum in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The sports hall of fame honours athletes, teams, and sport builders t ...

Science East Science East is an interactive science museum located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It uses innovative, interactive science exhibits to demonstrate basic science concepts, prompt curiosity and foster interest and understanding of science ...

* Sir Howard Douglas Hall (Old Arts Building) *

William Brydone Jack Observatory The William Brydone Jack Observatory is a small astronomical observatory on the campus of the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Constructed in 1851, it was the first astronomical observatory built in British North Amer ...

* St. Anne's Chapel *

Fredericton City Hall The Fredericton City Hall is the meeting place of the Fredericton City Council in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. The three-storey building was constructed between 1875 and 1876 by architects McKean and Fairweather and built by H. B. Crosby a ...

Marysville Cotton Mill The Marysville Cotton Mill, now known as Marysville Place, is an industrial building in Marysville, New Brunswick, that is a National Historic Site of Canada. It was built by Alexander Gibson in the mid 1880s as he expanded his industrial oper ...

* Centennial Building

Sports

There are no professional sports teams in Fredericton, although both universities have extensive athletic programs. The

UNB Reds The UNB Reds are the athletic teams that represent the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. The Reds compete in the following sports: men's and women's basketball, men's and women's hockey, men's and women's soccer ...

play in the

Atlantic University Sport Atlantic University Sport (AUS; french: Sport universitaire de l'Atlantique) is a regional membership association for universities in Atlantic Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and pr ...

conference of

U Sports U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country. Its equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Ca ...

and St. Thomas Tommies play in the

Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association The Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association (ACAA; french: Association atlantique du Sport collégial) is the governing body for collegiate sports in Atlantic Canada. Founded in 1967 as the Nova Scotia College Conference, the ACAA is represente ...

conference of the

Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association The Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) is the national governing body for organized sports at the College (Canada), collegiate level in Canada. Its name in Canadian French, French is l'Association canadienne du sport collégial (ACSC ...

for most sports, although their women's hockey team, cross-country teams, and track & field teams play in the Atlantic University Sports conference of U Sports. Fredericton's high schools compete in a variety of sports in the

New Brunswick Interscholastic Athletic Association The New Brunswick Interscholastic Athletic Association, or NBIAA, (french: l'Association sportive interscolaire du Nouveau-Brunswick, ASINB) is the governing body for high school sports in New Brunswick, Canada. As with all of Canada's provincial ...

. UNB's men's hockey team are 8 time National Champions, and the highest attended sporting events in the city. The Junior A hockey team is the

Fredericton Red Wings The Fredericton Junior Red Wings are a Canadian junior ice hockey franchise from Fredericton, New Brunswick. The team is a member of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League and plays in the EastLink North Division. They play their home games at the ...

. The former

Fredericton Express The Fredericton Express were a professional ice hockey team based in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. They played in the American Hockey League between 1981 and 1988. The Express were affiliated with the Quebec Nordiques and Vancouver Canucks o ...

and

Fredericton Canadiens The Fredericton Canadiens, or the 'Baby Habs' were a professional ice hockey team in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The Canadiens played their home games at the Aitken Centre. They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1990 to 1999, and w ...

were

American Hockey League The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary Minor league#Ice hockey, developmental league for the National Hockey League (NHL). Since the 2010–11 AHL se ...

teams. Each summer the Fredericton Loyalists host the

New Brunswick Timber Black Spruce Rugby are a Canadian rugby union team based in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The team plays in the Rugby Canada Super League and draws most of its players from the New Brunswick Rugby Union. The Spruce play their home games at Loyalists ...

team which competes in the

Rugby Canada Super League The Rugby Canada Super League (RCSL or Super League) was a national, semi-professional rugby union competition in Canada. The league represented the second level of domestic rugby union in Canada, and the highest level wholly indigenous to Canada ...

Parks and recreation

* Carleton Park, part of the Northside Riverfront Trail, includes a boat launching area. The park, which was once the site of Alexander "Boss" Gibson's rail yard. * The Green, along the north and south banks of the Saint John River, a walking and biking trail. * Killarney Lake Park, a lakeside park with a beach and picnic spots as well as an extensive network of nature trails. * Odell Park, features preserved forested areas, trails, spaces for picnics and gatherings, and the

Fredericton Botanic Garden The Fredericton Botanic Garden is a garden located on hillside backed by Odell Park in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Its main features include terraces, streams, and springs, and natural habitats for local animals. History and activities ...

.st * Officers' Square is a venue for outdoor concerts and has an outdoor skating rink in the winter. * Queen Square Park, in the heart of Downtown Fredericton. * Reading Park ( ) is a passive use park incorporating an open meadow, and a walking trail through an old-growth forest. The park's

old-growth forest An old-growth forestalso termed primary forest, virgin forest, late seral forest, primeval forest, or first-growth forestis a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance, and thereby exhibits unique ecological featur ...

is one of the city's last remaining habitats for the

pileated woodpecker The pileated woodpecker (''Dryocopus pileatus'') is a large, mostly black woodpecker native to North America. An insectivore, it inhabits deciduous forests in eastern North America, the Great Lakes, the boreal forests of Canada, and parts of the ...

. * Wilmot Park - a recreational park downtown.

Trail system

Fredericton has a network of 25 trails totalling more than on both sides of the Saint John and Nashwaak Rivers. Many of the city trails are

rail trail A rail trail is a shared-use path on railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed, but may also share the right of way with active railways, light rail, or streetcar ...

s that follow old railway lines. These include the

Fredericton Railway Bridge The Fredericton Railway Bridge is a former railway bridge in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada now used to carry pedestrians and cyclists. It crosses the Saint John River (New Brunswick), Saint John River from the east end of Fredericton's cen ...

that spans across the Saint John River. The rail trail system in Fredericton is part of the

Sentier NB Trail The Sentier NB Trail is a network of hiking trails in New Brunswick, Canada built on abandoned railways. The trails are mostly closed to motorized vehicles. The network is operated by the New Brunswick Trails Council, a non-profit organization. So ...

system and some of these trails are also part of the larger

Trans-Canada Trail The Trans Canada Trail, officially named The Great Trail between September 2016 and June 2021, is a cross-Canada system of greenways, waterways, and roadways that stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the Arctic oceans. The trail extends ...

network.

Government

Fredericton has a

non-partisan Nonpartisanism is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a political party. While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of ''partisan'' includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers sp ...

and

Mayor–council government The mayor–council government system is a system of local government that has a mayor who is directly elected by the voters serve as chief executive, and a separately elected legislative city council. It is one of the two most common forms of loc ...

. The mayor and council serve four-year terms with elections in May. The city is divided into 12

wards Ward may refer to: Division or unit * Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward * Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a priso ...

, (six on each side of the river, one councillor per ward. The city includes the provincial ridings of

Fredericton North Fredericton North (french: Fredericton-Nord) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada from 1973 to 2006, and was contested again in the 2014 New Brunswick general election. It was split between ...

Fredericton-Grand Lake Fredericton-Grand Lake (french: Fredericton-Grand Lac) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribu ...

Fredericton West-Hanwell Fredericton West-Hanwell (french: Fredericton-Ouest-Hanwell) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redis ...

Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral bounda ...

New Maryland-Sunbury New Maryland-Sunbury is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. History It was created in 1994 as a totally new district taking in large parts of York South and Sunbury as well as small pieces o ...

and

Fredericton South Fredericton South (french: Fredericton-Sud) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of ele ...

, which in 2014 elected the first-ever MLA for the

Green Party of New Brunswick The Green Party of New Brunswick (french: Parti vert du Nouveau-Brunswick) was formed in November 2008 to run in provincial elections. It is a registered Green political party in New Brunswick, Canada. A founding convention was held on November 1 ...

, party leader

David Coon David Charles Coon (born 28 October 1956 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2014 provincial election to represent the provincial electoral district of Fredericton S ...

. Federally, the city forms most of the riding of

Fredericton Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the do ...

Education and research

The

Anglophone West School District Anglophone West is a Canadian school district in New Brunswick. Anglophone West is an Anglophone district operating 70 public schools (gr. K-12) in York, Carleton, Victoria, Madawaska and Queen's counties. Current enrollment is approximate ...

and the District Scolaire Francophone Sud (District 1) run schools including

Fredericton High School Fredericton High School is a high school in the city of Fredericton in New Brunswick, Canada. History When the city of Fredericton was initially laid out in 1758, city planners set aside a plot of land in the downtown region that was intended ...

École des Bâtisseurs École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

, and the École Sainte-Anne. Leo Hayes High School is a

public–private partnership A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sector institutions.Hodge, G. A and Greve, C. (2007), Public–Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review, Public Administ ...

There are two universities, the UNB, and St. Thomas, the province's only Catholic university. Colleges include the

, the

New Brunswick Community College New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) is a community college located throughout various locations in New Brunswick, Canada including Moncton, Miramichi, Fredericton (its head office), Saint John, St. Andrews, and Woodstock. New Brunswick Co ...

, and the

Maritime College of Forest Technology The Maritime College of Forest Technology (French: Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes) is a Canadian post-secondary college with campuses located in Fredericton, New Brunswick (English instruction) and Bathurst, New Brunswick (Fre ...

. For-profit universities include

University of Fredericton The University of Fredericton is a private for-profit online university established in 2005 in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The university's first verified degrees were offered in 2007. It offers MBA, EMBA and Master’s Certificates through it ...

and

Yorkville University Yorkville University is a private for-profit university established in 2003 in New Brunswick, Canada. The university accepted its first students in the fall of 2004 for the programs offered out of Fredericton, New Brunswick, which was at the t ...

. The

Hugh John Flemming Hugh John Flemming (January 5, 1899 – October 16, 1982) was a politician and the 24th premier of New Brunswick from 1952 to 1960. He is always known as "Hugh John". Born in Peel, New Brunswick, Canada, the son of James Kidd Flemming, Premi ...

Forestry Centre researches in forestry management. Fredericton's Provincial Research Organization specializes in aquaculture, mining, manufacturing, energy and the environment.

Transportation

Air service is provided out of the

Fredericton International Airport Fredericton International Airport is an airport in Lincoln, New Brunswick, Canada, southeast of Fredericton. The airport is classified as an international airport by Transport Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). ...

Fredericton Transit Fredericton Transit (or the City of Fredericton Transit Division) is a small transit operator in Canada owned by the city of Fredericton, New Brunswick. It also includes Dial-A-Bus service for people with disabilities. Services Fredericton Transi ...

provides bus service, though not on Sundays. Fredericton started installing bicycle lanes in July 2008. Passenger rail service ended in the 1960s, and freight in 1996. All railway tracks have been abandoned and removed. Fredericton is served by the

Maritime Bus Maritime Bus is a Canadian coach operator based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. The company began operations on December 1, 2012, after Acadian Lines discontinued service on November 30. History Maritime Bus began operations in December ...

fleet which provides connections to points throughout Eastern Canada. The

Trans-Canada Highway The Trans-Canada Highway ( French: ; abbreviated as the TCH or T-Can) is a transcontinental federal–provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada, from the Pacific Ocean on the west coast to the Atlantic Ocean o ...

passes along the southern municipal boundary. Routes 7 and 8 (the latter being a former alignment of the Trans-Canada) also pass through the city. Two highway bridges, the

Westmorland Street Bridge The Westmorland Street Bridge is a bridge crossing the Saint John River in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Opened on 19 September 1981, the Westmorland Street Bridge is an extension of Westmorland Street in Fredericton's central business distri ...

and the Princess Margaret Bridge, cross the Saint John River. Those bridges feed into controlled-access roads (Routes 8 and 105 serving the city's north side).

Gallery

File:Princess Margaret Bridge At Sunrise.jpg, Princess Margaret Bridge File:Nashwaak River trail.JPG, The Nashwaak River Trail File:Fredericton - Galerie d'art Beaverbrook 2.JPG, The

File:Tintamarre Fredericton.JPG, Celebration of Acadian culture in Fredericton File:Fredericton - Queen's Square 3.JPG, Queen Square Park File:New Brunswick Legislative Building (6838973457).jpg, The

File:MarysvillePlaceMarysvilleNB2014.jpg, Marysville Place houses a number of offices for the provincial government. File:Downtown Fredericton.jpg, Downtown Fredericton File:Fredericton Transit New Brunswick Canada Bus 4936.JPG,

bus with bike rack

Notes

References

External links

* {{Authority control Cities in New Brunswick Former colonial capitals in Canada Greater Fredericton Populated places established in 1785 New Brunswick populated places on the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)

History

Geography

Climate

Demographics

Ethnicity

Language

Religion

Economy

Arts and culture

Architecture

Museums and historic buildings

Sports

Parks and recreation

Trail system

Government

Education and research

Transportation

Gallery

Notes

References

Further reading

See also

External links