![Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (1862)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg)
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of
Ravenna
Ravenna ( , , also ; rgn, Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 408 until its collapse in 476. It then served as the cap ...
, who was murdered by her husband,
Giovanni Malatesta
Giovanni Malatesta (died 1304), known, from his lameness, as Gianciotto, or Giovanni, lo Sciancato, was the eldest son of Malatesta da Verucchio of Rimini.
From 1275 onwards he played an active part in the Romagnole Wars and factions. He is chie ...
, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother,
Paolo Malatesta
Paolo Malatesta (; – 1285), also known as il Bello ('the Beautiful'), was the third son of Malatesta da Verucchio, lord of Rimini. He is best known for the story of his affair with Francesca da Polenta, portrayed by Dante in a famous episode ...
. She was a contemporary of
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...
, who portrayed her as a character in the ''
Divine Comedy
The ''Divine Comedy'' ( it, Divina Commedia ) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed in around 1321, shortly before the author's death. It is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and ...
''.
Life and death
Daughter of
Guido I da Polenta
Guido I da Polenta (died 1310) was lord of Ravenna from 1275 until his abdication in 1297.
The son of Lamberto da Polenta, he was ousted from Ravenna by the imperial troops in 1240. When the city was returned to the Papal States in 1248, Guido was ...
of
Ravenna
Ravenna ( , , also ; rgn, Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 408 until its collapse in 476. It then served as the cap ...
, Francesca was wedded in or around 1275 to the brave, yet crippled
Giovanni Malatesta
Giovanni Malatesta (died 1304), known, from his lameness, as Gianciotto, or Giovanni, lo Sciancato, was the eldest son of Malatesta da Verucchio of Rimini.
From 1275 onwards he played an active part in the Romagnole Wars and factions. He is chie ...
(also called Gianciotto or "Giovanni the Lame"), son of
Malatesta da Verucchio
Malatesta da Verucchio (1212–1312) was the founder of the powerful Italian Malatesta family and a notable '' condottiero.'' He was born in Verucchio. He was the son of Malatesta della Penna (1183-1248).
He was the leader of the Guelphs in Romag ...
, lord of
Rimini
Rimini ( , ; rgn, Rémin; la, Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient ''Ariminu ...
. The marriage was a political one; Guido had been at war with the
Malatesta family )
, type= Noble house
, country=ItalySan Marino, estates= Castel Sismondo (Rimini) Rocca Malatestiana (Cesena)
, titles=, founded=, founder= Malatesta da Verucchio, final ruler= Pandolfo IV Malatesta, deposition=, dissolution=
The House of Malates ...
, and the marriage of his daughter to Giovanni was a way to secure the peace that had been negotiated between the Malatesta and the
Polenta
Polenta (, ) is a dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains. The dish comes from Italy. It may be served as a hot porridge, or it may be allowed to cool and solidify into a loaf that can be baked, fried, or grilled. ...
families. While in
Rimini
Rimini ( , ; rgn, Rémin; la, Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient ''Ariminu ...
, she fell in love with Giovanni's younger brother,
Paolo. Though Paolo, too, was married, they managed to carry on an affair for some ten years, until Giovanni ultimately surprised them in Francesca's bedroom some time between 1283 and 1286, killing them both.
In Dante's ''Divine Comedy''
![1835 Ary Scheffer - The Ghosts of Paolo and Francesca Appear to Dante and Virgil](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/1835_Ary_Scheffer_-_The_Ghosts_of_Paolo_and_Francesca_Appear_to_Dante_and_Virgil.jpg)
Francesca appears as a character in Dante's ''
Inferno
Inferno may refer to:
* Hell, an afterlife place of suffering
* Conflagration, a large uncontrolled fire
Film
* ''L'Inferno'', a 1911 Italian film
* Inferno (1953 film), ''Inferno'' (1953 film), a film noir by Roy Ward Baker
* Inferno (1973 fi ...
'', the first part of the ''Divine Comedy'', where she is the first soul damned in Hell proper to be given a substantive speaking role. Francesca's testimony and condemnation is the first historical record of her, laying the foundation for her remembrance and legacy. Dante's knowledge of Francesca most likely stemmed from her nephew,
Guido Novello da Polenta
Guido II da Polenta (died 1330), also known as Guido Novello, was an Italian who served as lord of Ravenna from 1316 until 1322.
The nephew of Lamberto I da Polenta, he acquired the lordship of the city after the latter's death. In 1316–1321 he ...
, who served as Dante's host in Ravenna at the end of his life.
In ''Inferno'' 5, Dante and
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: t ...
meet Francesca and her lover Paolo in the
second circle of hell, reserved for the lustful. The couple are buffeted by violent winds in a similar manner that they allowed themselves to be swept away by their passions. Dante approaches Francesca and Paolo. Francesca takes ownership of telling their story while Paolo weeps in the background. She first introduces herself not by name, but by the city in which she was born; Francesca's self-association with the land implies a voluntary detachment from her personhood and a self-objectification.
Dante's condemnation of Francesca stems from her complete refusal of agency. In her compelling speech to Dante, Francesca blames love as the agent of her sin. Francesca explaining that Paolo loved her first and describes how "Love, which is swiftly kindled in the noble heart, seized this one for the lovely person that was taken from me; and the manner still injures me." She depicts herself as a passive agent who succumbed to Paolo's love for her. Francesca's description of love "seizing" her implies that she views herself as a helpless victim of her circumstance. She continues that, "Love, which pardons no one loved from loving in return, seized me for his beauty so strongly that, as you see, it still does not abandon me." Here, she affirms that her reciprocation of Paolo's affection was dictated by "Love" itself, rather than a genuine love that came from within. Again, she portrays herself as a passive victim, refusing to recognize her own agency. Finally, Francesca explains that "Love led us on to one death." Francesca does not accept responsibility for the origins nor the consequences of her affair.
It is also important to underscore that Francesca and Paolo's adultery was enabled by literature. Francesca and Paolo's relationship began innocently while reading a tale about
Lancelot du Lac. Francesca tells Dante that she "was kissed by so great a lover, he, who will never be separated from me, kissed my mouth, all trembling. Galeotto was the book and he who wrote it: that day we read there no further." Again, Francesca refers to herself as a passive object and assigns agency to literature that ''she'' reads. Ironically, if Paolo and Francesca would have finished reading, they would have learned that
Guinivere and Lancelot's adultery eventually destroys
King Arthur
King Arthur ( cy, Brenin Arthur, kw, Arthur Gernow, br, Roue Arzhur) is a legendary king of Britain, and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain.
In the earliest traditions, Arthur appears as a ...
's kingdom.
Dante's literary portrayal of Francesca allows her to become a relevant example for moral agency. Dante portrays Francesca compassionately and assigns her a commanding and persuasive voice. Francesca is "never actively interrupted by any authoritative male voice, be it the pilgrim's, the narrator's or, importantly, her lover's, who is silently present at the scene of the testimony." Additionally, Francesca's persuasive power derives from her language, which echoes that of love poetry, especially from Dante's early poems. In this way, Francesca becomes a reflection of Dante himself. At the end of Francesca's testimony, Dante faints and "fell as a dead body falls." The pilgrim's symbolic death parallels Francesca's submission to her desires. Francesca becomes an "avatar of a persona that had been Dante's own." Learning from Francesca's faults allows the pilgrim to rectify his own relationship with literature. Though Dante condemns Francesca, his compassionate literary portrayal gives her a dignity and a historical significance that she was deprived of in real life. In other words, her historical legacy transcends her literary condemnation.
File:Johann Heinrich Füssli - Dante Observing the Soaring Souls of Paolo and Francesca.jpg, Henry Fuseli
Henry Fuseli ( ; German: Johann Heinrich Füssli ; 7 February 1741 – 17 April 1825) was a Swiss painter, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his works, such as ''The Nightmare'', deal with supernatura ...
: ''Dante Observing the Soaring Souls of Paolo and Francesca'', pen and ink, c. 1800
File:Joseph Anton Koch - Dante and Virgil in the Second Circle in Hell.tif, Joseph Anton Koch
Joseph Anton Koch (27 July 1768 – 12 January 1839) was an Austrian painter of Neoclassicism and later the German Romantic movement; he is perhaps the most significant neoclassical landscape painter.
Biography
The Tyrolese painter was born ...
: ''Dante and Virgil in the Second Circle in Hell'', pen, ink and watercolor on paper, 1823
File:Inf. 06 Giuseppe Frascheri, Dante e Virgilio incontrano Paolo e Francesca, 1846.jpg, Giuseppe Fraschieri
Giuseppe Fraschieri (1808–1886) was an Italian painter.
He was born in Savona. He initially trained at the Accademia Ligustica of Genoa, but then, under a stipend of the city of Savona, he went to study in the studio of Giuseppe Bezzuoli in Fl ...
: ''Dante e Virgilio incontrano Paolo e Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1846 (Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Savona)
File:Joseph Noel Paton - Dante Meditating.jpg, Joseph Noel Paton
Sir Joseph Noel Paton (13 December 1821 – 26 December 1901) was a Scottish artist, illustrator and sculptor. He was also a poet and had an interest in, and knowledge of, Scottish folklore and Celtic legends.
Early life
He was born in Woo ...
: ''Dante Meditating the Episode of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta'', oil on canvas, 1852 ( Bury Art Museum)
File:Dore Gustave Francesca and Paolo da Rimini Canto 5 73-75.jpg, Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6 January 1832 – 23 January 1883) was a French artist, as a printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engraving ...
: ''The Souls of Paolo and Francesca'', etching, 1857
File:Gustave Doré - Paolo and Francesca da Rimini.jpg, Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6 January 1832 – 23 January 1883) was a French artist, as a printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engraving ...
: ''The Souls of Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1863
File:Watts-Paolo and Francesca.jpg, George Frederic Watts
George Frederic Watts (23 February 1817, in London – 1 July 1904) was a British painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. He said "I paint ideas, not things." Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical work ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1875 (Watts Gallery
Watts Gallery – Artists' Village is an art gallery in the village of Compton, near Guildford in Surrey. It is dedicated to the work of the Victorian-era painter and sculptor George Frederic Watts.
The gallery has been Grade II* listed on th ...
, Surrey)
File:Inf. 06 Mosè Bianchi, Paolo e Francesca, 1877c.jpg, Mosè Bianchi
Mosè Bianchi (1840–1904) was an Italian painter and printmaker.
Biography
Bianchi was born in Monza. His family moved to Milan and he enrolled at the Brera Academy. Having interrupted his studies to serve in the second war of independence, h ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', watercolor and gold on paper, c. 1877 (Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Milan
The Galleria d'Arte Moderna is a modern art museum in Milan, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It is housed in the Villa Reale, at Via Palestro 16, opposite the Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli. The collection consists largely of Italian and Eur ...
)
File:Henri Martin-Paolo Malatesta.jpg, Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin
Henri-Jean Guillaume "Henri" Martin (; 5 August 1860 – 12 November 1943) was a French painter. Elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1917, he is known for his early 1920s work on the walls of the Salle de l'Assemblée générale, where the ...
: ''Paolo Malatesta et Francesca da Rimini aux enfers'', oil on canvas, 1883 (Musée des beaux-arts, Carcassonne
Carcassonne (, also , , ; ; la, Carcaso) is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, in the region of Occitanie. It is the prefecture of the department.
Inhabited since the Neolithic, Carcassonne is located in the plain of the ...
)
File:Paolo et Francesca ou couple damné - Auguste Rodin (B 1153-bis-n).jpg, Auguste Rodin
François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor, generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a uniqu ...
: ''Paolo et Francesca'', or ''Couple damné'' (Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (french: Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon) is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Lyon. Located near the Place des Terreaux, it is housed in a former Benedictine convent which was active during the 1 ...
)
File:Eugène Deully - Dante et Virgile aux Enfers.jpg, Eugène Deully: ''Dante et Virgile aux Enfers'', 1897
File:Amelia Bauerle - Paolo and Francesca.jpg, Amelia Bauerle
Amalie Mathilde Bauerle (12 November 1873 – 4 March 1916), known as Amelia Bauerle, was a British painter, illustrator and etcher. She also used the name Amelia Matilda Bowerley.
Life
Bauerle was born in the Bayswater area of London, the ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', 1902
File:Umberto Boccioni - Il sogno (Paolo e Francesca).jpg, Umberto Boccioni
Umberto Boccioni (, ; 19 October 1882 – 17 August 1916) was an influential Italian painter and sculptor. He helped shape the revolutionary aesthetic of the Futurism movement as one of its principal figures. Despite his short life, his approach ...
: ''Il sogno'', or ''Paolo e Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1909 (Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna, Ferrara
Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...
)
File:Gaetano Previati - Paolo e Francesca (1909).jpg, Gaetano Previati
Gaetano Previati (1852 – 1920) was an Italian Symbolist painter in the Divisionist style.
Biography
Previati was born in Ferrara. He relocated to Milan in 1876 and enrolled at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, studying under Giuseppe Bertini, G ...
: ''Paolo e Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1909
File:John Riley Wilmer - Paolo and Francesca.jpg, John Riley Wilmer: ''Paolo and Francesca'', watercolor, gouache and ink, 1930
Reception and legacy
Giovanni Boccaccio
In the years following Dante's portrayal of Francesca, legends about Francesca began to appear. Chief among them was one put forth by poet
Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (, , ; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he became so well known as a writer that he was somet ...
in his commentary on the ''Divine Comedy'', ''
Esposizioni sopra la Comedia di Dante.'' Boccaccio stated that Francesca had been tricked into marrying Giovanni through the use of Paolo as a proxy. Guido, fearing that Francesca would never agree to marry the crippled Giovanni, had supposedly sent for the much more handsome Paolo in Giovanni's stead. It wasn't until the morning after the wedding that Francesca discovered the deception. This version of events, however, is very likely a fabrication. It would have been nearly impossible for Francesca not to know who both Giovanni and Paolo were, and that Paolo was already married, given the dealings the brothers had had with Ravenna and Francesca's family. Also, Boccaccio was born in 1313, some 27 years after Francesca's death, and while many Dante commentators after Boccaccio echoed his version of events, none before him had mentioned anything similar.
Modern reception
In the 19th century, the story of Paolo and Francesca inspired numerous theatrical, operatic, and symphonic adaptations.
Related works
Poetry
*
Leigh Hunt
James Henry Leigh Hunt (19 October 178428 August 1859), best known as Leigh Hunt, was an English critic, essayist and poet.
Hunt co-founded '' The Examiner'', a leading intellectual journal expounding radical principles. He was the centr ...
, ''The Story of Rimini'' (1816)
Theatre and opera
*
Silvio Pellico
Silvio Pellico (; 24 June 1789 – 31 January 1854) was an Italian writer, poet, dramatist and patriot active in the Italian unification.
Biography
Silvio Pellico was born in Saluzzo (Piedmont). He spent the earlier portion of his life at Pin ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', tragedy (1818)
*
Feliciano Strepponi
Feliciano Cristoforo Bartolomeo Strepponi (26 October 1793 – 13 January 1832) was an Italian composer and conductor. He was born in Lodi, Lombardy, Lodi and died in Trieste at the age of 38. Amongst his compositions were seven operas which had a ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in two acts, libretto by
Felice Romani
Giuseppe Felice Romani (31 January 178828 January 1865) was an Italian poet and scholar of literature and mythology who wrote many librettos for the opera composers Donizetti and Bellini. Romani was considered the finest Italian librettist betwe ...
(Padua 1823)
*
Luigi Carlini, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Naples 1825)
*
Saverio Mercadante
Giuseppe Saverio Raffaele Mercadante (baptised 17 September 179517 December 1870) was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. While Mercadante may not have retained the international celebrity of Gaetano Donizetti or Gioachino Rossini beyond ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera (Madrid 1831)
*
Pietro Generali
Pietro Generali (born Mercandetti Generali; 23 October 1773 – 3 November 1832) was an Italian composer primarily of operas and vocal music.
Generali was born in Masserano. He studied counterpoint with Giovanni Masi in Rome and spent a few m ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera, libretto by Paolo Pola (Venice 1828)
*
Gaetano Quilici, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Lucca 1829)
*
Giuseppe Staffa
Giuseppe Staffa (1807–1877) was an Italian composer and conductor. He is best remembered for his seven operas which he composed between 1827 and 1852. He was active as a conductor in Naples at the Teatro del Fondo and Teatro Nuovo. One of hi ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Naples 1831)
*
Giuseppe Fournier-Gorre, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Livorno 1832)
*
Giuseppe Tamburini, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Rimini 1835)
*
Francesco Morlacchi
Francesco Giuseppe Baldassare Morlacchi (14 June 1784 – 28 October 1841) was an Italian composer of more than twenty operas. During the many years he spent as the royal Royal Kapellmeister in Dresden, he was instrumental in popularizing the Ita ...
, ''
Francesca da Rimini
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', opera (composed for Venice 1836, but unperformed)
*
Emanuele Borgatta, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Genoa 1837)
*
Gioacchino Maglioni, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera (Genoa 1840)
*
Eugen Nordal (pseudonym of
Johann Arnold-Gruber), ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera after Paolo Pola (Linz 1840; performed
posthumously
Posthumous may refer to:
* Posthumous award - an award, prize or medal granted after the recipient's death
* Posthumous publication – material published after the author's death
* ''Posthumous'' (album), by Warne Marsh, 1987
* ''Posthumous'' (E ...
)
*
Salvatore Papparlado, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in four acts (Genoa 1840; unperformed)
*
Francesco Cannetti, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera, libretto by Felice Romani (Vicenza 1843)
*
Vincenzo Sassaroli, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera, libretto by Felice Romani (Catania 1846)
*
George Henry Boker
George Henry Boker (October 6, 1823 – January 2, 1890) was an American poet, playwright, and diplomat.
Early years and education
Boker was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was Charles S. Boker, a wealthy banker, whose financi ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', play (1853)
*
Giovanni Franchini, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Lisbon 1857)
*
Jan Neruda
Jan Nepomuk Neruda (Czech: jan ˈnɛpomuk ˈnɛruda 9 July 1834 – 22 August 1891) was a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the "May School".
Early life
...
, ''Francesca di Rimini'', play (1860)
*
Giuseppe Marcarini, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera, libretto by Benvenuti (Piacenza 1870)
*
Hermann Goetz
Hermann Gustav Goetz (7 December 1840 – 3 December 1876) was a German composer who spent much of his career in Switzerland. He is best known for his 1872 opera '' Der Widerspänstigen Zähmung'', based on Shakespeare's ''The Taming of the Shre ...
, ''Francesca von Rimini'', opera in three acts, libretto by the composer (Mannheim 1877; overture and act III completed by
Ernst Frank
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
* Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst"
* Anton Ernst (1975- ...
)
*
Antonio Cagnoni
Antonio Cagnoni (8 February 1828 – 30 April 1896) was an Italian composer. Primarily known for his twenty operas, his work is characterized by his use of leitmotifs and moderately dissonant harmonies. In addition to writing music for the sta ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in four acts, libretto by
Antonio Ghislanzoni
Antonio Ghislanzoni (; 25 November 1824 – 16 July 1893) was an Italian journalist, poet, and novelist who wrote librettos for Verdi, among other composers, of which the best known are ''Aida'' and the revised version of ''La forza del des ...
(Turin 1878)
*
Gabriele D'Annunzio, ''
Francesca da Rimini
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', tragedy (1901; written for D'Annunzio's
mistress
Mistress is the feminine form of the English word "master" (''master'' + ''-ess'') and may refer to:
Romance and relationships
* Mistress (lover), a term for a woman who is in a sexual and romantic relationship with a man who is married to a d ...
,
Eleonora Duse
Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse ( , ; 3 October 185821 April 1924), often known simply as Duse, was an Italian actress, rated by many as the greatest of her time. She performed in many countries, notably in the plays of Gabriele d'Annunzio and Hen ...
)
*
Ambroise Thomas
Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas (; 5 August 1811 – 12 February 1896) was a French composer and teacher, best known for his operas ''Mignon'' (1866) and ''Hamlet'' (1868).
Born into a musical family, Thomas was a student at the Conservatoire de ...
, ''
Françoise de Rimini'', opera (Paris 1882)
*
Antonio Scontrino, ''Francesca da Rimini'', "tragedia" (in fact an opera) in five acts, libretto after D'Annunzio (Rome 1901)
*
Stephen Phillips
Stephen Phillips (28 July 1864 – 9 December 1915) was an English poet and dramatist, who enjoyed considerable popularity early in his career.
Biography
He was born at Somertown near Oxford, the son of the Rev. Stephen Phillips, precentor o ...
, ''
Paolo and Francesca
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', play (1902)
*
Francis Marion Crawford
Francis Marion Crawford (August 2, 1854 – April 9, 1909) was an American writer noted for his many novels, especially those set in Italy, and for his classic weird and fantastical stories.
Early life
Crawford was born in Bagni di Lucca, in th ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', play in five acts (1902)
*
Marcel Schwob
Mayer André Marcel Schwob, known as Marcel Schwob (23 August 1867 – 26 February 1905), was a French symbolist writer best known for his short stories and his literary influence on authors such as Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonso Reyes, Roberto Bola ...
, ''
Francesca da Rimini
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', play, translation of Crawford (given with music by
Gabriel Pierné
Henri Constant Gabriel Pierné (16 August 1863 – 17 July 1937) was a French composer, conductor, pianist and organist.
Biography
Gabriel Pierné was born in Metz. His family moved to Paris, after Metz and part of Lorraine were annexed to Germ ...
Paris 1902,
Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt)
*
Eduard Nápravník
Eduard Francevič Nápravník (Russian: Эдуа́рд Фра́нцевич Напра́вник; 24 August 1839 – 10 November 1916) was a Czech conductor and composer. Nápravník settled in Russia and is best known for his leading role in Rus ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in four acts (St. Petersburg 1902)
*
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff; in Russian pre-revolutionary script. (28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one o ...
, ''
Francesca da Rimini
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', opera in one act (two tableaux) with a prologue and an epilogue, libretto by
Modest Tchaikovsky
Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky (russian: Моде́ст Ильи́ч Чайко́вский; –) was a Russian dramatist, opera librettist and translator.
Early life
Modest Ilyich was born in Alapayevsk, Verkhotursky Uyezd, Perm Governorate, the ...
(Moscow 1906)
*
Luigi Mancinelli
Luigi Mancinelli (; 5 February 1848 – 2 February 1921) was an Italian conductor, cellist and composer. His early career was in Italy, where he established a reputation in Perugia and then Bologna. After 1886 he worked mostly in other countr ...
, ''Paolo e Francesca'', opera in one act (1907)
''Paolo e Francesca''
opera by Luigi Mancinelli
Luigi Mancinelli (; 5 February 1848 – 2 February 1921) was an Italian conductor, cellist and composer. His early career was in Italy, where he established a reputation in Perugia and then Bologna. After 1886 he worked mostly in other countr ...
, booklet (synopsis, libretto), 2004 recording Naxos Records
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 1 ...
* Emil Ábrányi
Emil Ábrányi (22 September 1882 11 February 1970) was a Hungarian composer, conductor, and opera director.
Life
He was conductor at the Royal Hungarian Opera House from 1911–19, and director there from 1919 to 1920. In 1921, he became th ...
, ''Paolo és Francesca'', opera in three acts, libretto after Dante by Emil Ábrányi, Sr. (Budapest 1912)
* Franco Leoni
Franco Leoni (24 October 1864 – 8 February 1949) was an Italian opera composer. After training in Milan, he made most of his career in England, composing for Royal Opera House, Covent Garden and West End theatre, West End theatres. He is ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera in three tableaux, based on Crawford's play (Paris 1914, Opéra-Comique
The Opéra-Comique is a Paris opera company which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular theatres of the Parisian fairs. In 1762 the company was merged with – and for a time took the name of – its chief rival, the Comédie-Italienne ...
)
* Primo Riccitelli
Primo Riccitelli (9 August 1875 – 27 March 1941), was an Italian composer.
One of six children, he was born in the village of Cognoli, Campli in the Abruzzo region of Italy. His father, Giuseppe, was a small landowner and his mother, Maria M ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', opera
* Riccardo Zandonai
Riccardo Zandonai (28 May 1883 – 5 June 1944) was an Italian composer.
Biography
Zandonai was born in Borgo Sacco, Rovereto, then part of Austria-Hungary. As a young man, he showed such an aptitude for music that he entered the Pesaro Conserv ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', opera in four acts, libretto by Tito Ricordi, based on D'Annunzio (Turin 1914)
* Nino Berrini
Nino or Niño may refer to:
* Nino (name)
* Niño (name)
*Antonin Scalia, American Supreme Court justice whose nickname was "Nino"
*El Niño, a climate pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean
*NINO, an abbreviation for National Insurance number in t ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', play (1924)
Music
* Gioachino Rossini
Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards f ...
, "Farò come colui che piange e dice", aria (musical setting of ''Inferno'', Canto 5, lines 126ff., 1848)
* Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', symphonic poem (1876)
* Arthur Foote
Arthur William Foote (March 5, 1853 in Salem, Massachusetts – April 8, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American classical composer, and a member of the "Boston Six." The other five were George Whitefield Chadwick, Amy Beach, Edward Mac ...
, Symphonic Prologue ''Francesca da Rimini'', Op. 24 (1890)
* Antonio Bazzini
Antonio Bazzini (11 March 181810 February 1897) was an Italian violinist, composer and teacher. As a composer, his most enduring work is his chamber music, which earned him a central place in the Italian instrumental renaissance of the 19th cent ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', Symphonic Poem, Op. 77 (Berlin 1890)
* Pierre Maurice, ''Francesca da Rimini'', Symphonic Poem, Op. 6 (1899)
* Paul von Klenau Paul August von Klenau (11 February 1883 in Copenhagen – 31 August 1946 in Copenhagen) was a Danish-born composer who worked primarily in Germany and Austria.
Biography
Klenau was born in Copenhagen, where he studied under Otto Malling. Already a ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', Symphonic Poem (1913, revised 1919)
* Olga Gorelli, ''Paolo e Francesca'', guitar duo from the album ''Hausmusik. 20th Century Chamber Music for the Home'' (2000)
* Mediæval Bæbes
The Mediæval Bæbes are a British musical ensemble founded in 1996 by Dorothy Carter and Katharine Blake. It included some of Blake's colleagues from the band Miranda Sex Garden, as well as other friends who shared her love of medieval music. ...
, "The Circle of the Lustful" from '' The Rose'' album (2002)
Film
* ''Paolo e Francesca
''Paolo e Francesca'' (''Paolo and Francesca''), also known as ''Legend of Love'', is a 1950 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Odile Versois and Armando Francioli. It is loosely based on real life events ...
'', 1950 film by Raffaello Matarazzo
Raffaello Matarazzo (17 August 1909 – 17 May 1966) was an Italian filmmaker.
Life
Matarazzo started writing film reviews for the Roman newspaper ''Il Tevere'' before re-editing scripts for the Italian film company Cines. His first films w ...
Art
* Joseph Anton Koch
Joseph Anton Koch (27 July 1768 – 12 January 1839) was an Austrian painter of Neoclassicism and later the German Romantic movement; he is perhaps the most significant neoclassical landscape painter.
Biography
The Tyrolese painter was born ...
, ''Paolo and Francesca Surprised by Gianciotto'', watercolor
Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also ''aquarelle'' (; from Italian diminutive of Latin ''aqua'' "water"), is a painting method”Watercolor may be as old as art itself, going back to t ...
(1805; Thorvaldsen Museum, Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...
)
* Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie (1773, Sèvres - 1851, Versailles (city), Versailles) was a French painter of the Troubadour style. He was a friend of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson.
Among his patrons were Joséphine de B ...
, ''The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini'', oil on canvas (1812; Napoleonmuseum, Arenberg
Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a former county, principality and finally duchy that was located in what is now Germany. The Dukes of Arenberg remain a prominent Belgian noble family.
History
First mentioned in the 12th ...
)
* Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Painting, painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic ...
, ''Paolo and Francesca
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (died between 1283 and 1286) was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a co ...
'', oil on canvas (1819;Musée des Beaux-Arts, Angers
Angers (, , ) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the prov ...
, France)
* Ary Scheffer
Ary Scheffer (10 February 179515 June 1858) was a Dutch-French Romantic painter. He was known mostly for his works based on literature, with paintings based on the works of Dante, Goethe, and Lord Byron, as well as religious subjects. He was als ...
, '' Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil'', oil on canvas (1835; Wallace Collection
The Wallace Collection is a museum in London occupying Hertford House in Manchester Square, the former townhouse of the Seymour family, Marquesses of Hertford. It is named after Sir Richard Wallace, who built the extensive collection, along w ...
, London; an 1855 version is in the Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
, Paris), and there are other versions
* Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6 January 1832 – 23 January 1883) was a French artist, as a printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engraving ...
, ''Francesca da Rimini'', several illustrations to Dante
Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...
's ''Inferno'' (1857)
* Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882), generally known as Dante Gabriel Rossetti (), was an English poet, illustrator, painter, translator and member of the Rossetti family. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhoo ...
, '' Paolo and Francesca da Rimini'' (1862)
* Alexandre Cabanel
Alexandre Cabanel (; 28 September 1823 – 23 January 1889) was a French painter. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style. He was also well known as a portrait painter. According to ''Diccionario Enciclopedi ...
, ''The Death of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta'', oil on canvas (1870; Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris)
* George Frederic Watts
George Frederic Watts (23 February 1817, in London – 1 July 1904) was a British painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. He said "I paint ideas, not things." Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical work ...
, ''Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas (between 1872 and 1884; private collection)
* Auguste Rodin
François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor, generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a uniqu ...
, '' The Kiss'', marble sculpture (1888; Musée Rodin
The Musée Rodin ( en, Rodin Museum) in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919, primarily dedicated to the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. It has two sites: the Hôtel Biron and surrounding grounds in central Paris, as ...
, Paris)
File:Lux Musée national antonio canova paolo et francesca de rimini.JPG, Antonio Canova
Antonio Canova (; 1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822) was an Italian Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists,. his sculpture was inspired by the Baroque and the cl ...
: ''Paolo et Francesca da Rimini'' (National Museum of History and Art
The National Museum of History and Art ( lb, Nationalmusée fir Geschicht a Konscht, french: Musée national d'histoire et d'art, german: Nationalmuseum für Geschichte und Kunst), abbreviated to MNHA, is a museum located in Luxembourg City, in ...
, Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
)
File:William Dyce - Francesca da Rimini - Google Art Project.jpg, William Dyce
William Dyce (; 19 September 1806 in Aberdeen14 February 1864) was a Scottish painter, who played a part in the formation of public art education in the United Kingdom, and the South Kensington Schools system. Dyce was associated with the Pre-R ...
: ''Francesca da Rimini'', oil on canvas, 1837 (Scottish National Gallery
The Scottish National Gallery (formerly the National Gallery of Scotland) is the national art gallery of Scotland. It is located on The Mound in central Edinburgh, close to Princes Street. The building was designed in a neoclassical style by W ...
, Edinburgh)
File:Anselm Feuerbach - Paolo und Francesca - Kunsthalle Mannheim.jpg, Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach (12 September 1829 – 4 January 1880) was a German painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applie ...
: ''Paolo und Francesca'', study, 1864 (Kunsthalle Mannheim
The Kunsthalle Mannheim is a museum of modern and contemporary art, built in 1907, established in 1909 and located in Mannheim, Germany. Since then it has housed the city's art collections as well as temporary exhibitions – and up to 1927 those ...
)
File:Anselm Feuerbach - Paolo und Francesca (drawing).jpg, Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach (12 September 1829 – 4 January 1880) was a German painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applie ...
: ''Paolo und Francesca'', sketch, 1864
File:Feuerbach Paolo und Francesca.jpg, Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach (12 September 1829 – 4 January 1880) was a German painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applie ...
: ''Paolo und Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1864 ( Schackgalerie, Munich)
File:Amos Cassioli - Paolo e Francesca.jpg, Amos Cassioli: ''Paolo e Francesca'' or ''Il Bacio'', 1870
File:Charles Edward Hallé - Paolo and Francesca 01.jpg, Charles Edward Hallé
Charles Edward Hallé (1846–1914), sometimes given as Edward Charles Hallé, was an English painter and gallery manager. He was a painter of history scenes, genre scenes, and portraits.
Life
Hallé was the son of Sir Charles Hallé, the Germ ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas
File:Wiesiołowski - Francesca i Paolo 1885.jpg, Ludwik Wiesiołowski: ''Francesca i Paolo'', oil on canvas, 1885
File:Rodin TheKiss 20050609.JPG, Rodin
François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor, generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a uniqu ...
's '' The Kiss'' (1888; Musée Rodin
The Musée Rodin ( en, Rodin Museum) in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919, primarily dedicated to the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. It has two sites: the Hôtel Biron and surrounding grounds in central Paris, as ...
, Paris) was originally titled ''Francesca da Rimini''
File:Arnold Böcklin - Paolo und Francesca.jpg, Arnold Böcklin
Arnold Böcklin (16 October 182716 January 1901) was a Swiss symbolist painter.
Biography
He was born in Basel. His father, Christian Frederick Böcklin (b. 1802), was descended from an old family of Schaffhausen, and engaged in the silk tra ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1893 (Museum Oskar Reinhart, Winterthur
, neighboring_municipalities = Brütten, Dinhard, Elsau, Hettlingen, Illnau-Effretikon, Kyburg, Lindau, Neftenbach, Oberembrach, Pfungen, Rickenbach, Schlatt, Seuzach, Wiesendangen, Zell
, twintowns = Hall in Tirol (Austria), La ...
)
File:Frank Dicksee - Paolo and Francesca.jpg, Frank Dicksee
Sir Francis Bernard Dicksee (27 November 1853 – 17 October 1928) was an English Victorian painter and illustrator, best known for his pictures of dramatic literary, historical, and legendary scenes. He also was a noted painter of portr ...
: ''Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1894
File:Joseph Anton Koch - Paolo da Malatesta and Francesca da Rimini surprised by Gianciotto Malatesta.tif, Joseph Anton Koch
Joseph Anton Koch (27 July 1768 – 12 January 1839) was an Austrian painter of Neoclassicism and later the German Romantic movement; he is perhaps the most significant neoclassical landscape painter.
Biography
The Tyrolese painter was born ...
: ''Paolo da Malatesta and Francesca da Rimini surprised by Gianciotto Malatesta'', pen, ink and watercolor on paper, 1805 (Thorvaldsen Museum
The Thorvaldsen Museum is a single-artist museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, dedicated to the art of Danish Neoclassical sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), who lived and worked in Rome for most of his life (1796–1838). The museum is locat ...
)
File:Bartolomeo Pinelli - La Franceschina di Rimini.jpg, Bartolomeo Pinelli
Bartolomeo Pinelli (November 20, 1781 – April 1, 1835) was an Italian illustrator and engraver.
Life
Pinelli was born and died in the Trastevere neighborhood of Rome, the son of an artisan who modeled religious statues. Pinelli was educa ...
: ''La Franceschina di Rimini'', c. 1809 (Thorvaldsen Museum
The Thorvaldsen Museum is a single-artist museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, dedicated to the art of Danish Neoclassical sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), who lived and worked in Rome for most of his life (1796–1838). The museum is locat ...
, Copenhagen)
File:FrancescaCoupin.jpg, Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie (1773, Sèvres - 1851, Versailles (city), Versailles) was a French painter of the Troubadour style. He was a friend of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson.
Among his patrons were Joséphine de B ...
: ''The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini'', 1812 (Napoleonmuseum, Arenenberg
Arenenberg is an estate with a small chateau, Schloss Arenenberg, in the municipality of Salenstein at the shore of Lake Constance in Thurgau, Switzerland that is famous as the final domicile of Hortense de Beauharnais. Today it houses the ''Napo ...
, Constance
Constance may refer to:
Places
*Konstanz, Germany, sometimes written as Constance in English
*Constance Bay, Ottawa, Canada
* Constance, Kentucky
* Constance, Minnesota
* Constance (Portugal)
* Mount Constance, Washington State
People
* Consta ...
)
File:Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.jpg, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Painting, painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic ...
: ''Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca'', oil on canvas, 1819 (Musée Bonnat
The Musée Bonnat-Helleu is an art museum in Bayonne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The museum was created in 1901 when Bayonne-born painter Léon Bonnat gave his extensive personal collections of art – notably an exceptional drawing collection ...
, Bayonne
Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine re ...
)
File:Eugène Delacroix - Paolo et Francesca.jpg, Eugène Delacroix
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( , ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: Britis ...
: ''Paolo et Francesca'', watercolor, 1825
File:Alfred Elmore - Paolo and Francisca.jpg, Alfred Elmore
Alfred Elmore (1815–1881) was a British history and genre painter.
Life
Alfred Elmore was born in Clonakilty, Ireland, the son of John Richard Elmore, a surgeon who retired from the British Army to Clonakilty. His family moved to London, ...
: ''Paolo and Francisca'', brush drawing
(British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...
)
File:Gustave Doré - The Inferno, Canto 5-2.jpg, Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6 January 1832 – 23 January 1883) was a French artist, as a printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engraving ...
: Illustration of ''Inferno'', Canto 5 (lines 134–135), 1857
File:Francisca de Rímini (Museo del Prado).jpg, Francisco Díaz Carreño: ''Francisca de Rímini'', oil on canvas, 1866 (Prado
The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum
An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art, usually from the museum's own collection. It migh ...
, Madrid)
File:Alexandre cabanel, morte di francesca da rimini e paolo malatesta, 1870.JPG, Alexandre Cabanel
Alexandre Cabanel (; 28 September 1823 – 23 January 1889) was a French painter. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style. He was also well known as a portrait painter. According to ''Diccionario Enciclopedi ...
: ''Mort de Francesca de Rimini et de Paolo Malatesta'', c. 1870
(Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris)
File:Gaetano Previati - Paolo e Francesca (1887 ca.).jpg, Gaetano Previati
Gaetano Previati (1852 – 1920) was an Italian Symbolist painter in the Divisionist style.
Biography
Previati was born in Ferrara. He relocated to Milan in 1876 and enrolled at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, studying under Giuseppe Bertini, G ...
: ''Paolo e Francesca'', or ''Morte di Paolo e Francesca'', oil on canvas, c. 1887 (Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo
The Accademia Carrara, (), officially Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo, is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, in Lombardy in northern Italy. The art gallery was established in about 1780 by , a Bergamasco collect ...
)
Notes
References
General references
* Mason, A. E. W. (1935). ''Sir George Alexander & The St. James' Theatre''. Reissued 1969, New York: Benjamin Blom.
*
Further reading
*
External links
''World of Dante''
multimedia website that includes gallery of images of the Paolo and Francesca episode
includes images of related artworks
''The Story of Rimini''
Google Books edition of Leigh Hunt's poem
* Website of th
at the Centro Internazionale di Studi Francesca da Rimini, Los Angeles (includin
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rimini, Francesca da
1255 births
1285 deaths
13th-century Italian nobility
13th-century Italian women
Assassinated Italian people
Assassinated nobility
Da Polenta family
Characters in the Divine Comedy