Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species. There are two sub-families within the family. In the subfamily

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they ...

, the body of adults is flattened laterally and the tegmina are tent-like. In the

Flatoidinae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some spe ...

, the body is not laterally compressed and the tegmina are not as tent-like and sometimes held horizontally. The wing venation is distinctive in that the veins in the anal region are nodose, and the costal area has numerous cross veins. The antennae are small and the first segment is collar-like and small. The second segment is longer and ends in a bulge and a flagellum arises from it. They have two ocelli. Nymphs have a tail of waxy filaments.

Subfamilies and genera

Genera within the family Flatidae include:

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they ...

Auth.: Spinola, 1839; selected genera: ;tribe

Ceryniini The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they ...

Distant, 1906 * '' Adelidoria'' Metcalf, 1952 * '' Adexia'' Melichar, 1901 * ''

Bythopsyrna ''Bythopsyrna'' is a genus of Asian planthoppers belonging to the family Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination ...

'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Cerynia'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Flatini Spinola, 1839 * subtribe Flatina Spinola, 1839 ** ''

Flata ''Flata'' is the type genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae and tribe Flatini (subtribe Flatina), erected by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798. Species are recorded from subtropical and tropical Asia including India, China, Indochina an ...

'' Fabricius, 1798 ** '' Flatomorpha'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Lawanina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Cromna'' Walker, 1857 ** ''

Lawana ''Lawana''Distant WL (1906) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. 3: 503 pp. Lt. Col. CT Birgham 20 is a genus of planthopper A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a ...

'' Distant, 1906 ** ''

Oryxa ''Oryxa'' is a genus of planthoppers in the hemipteran family Flatidae. They live on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, and in Malaysia. The genus was established in 1902 by Leopold Melichar in his monograph of the families Acanaloniidae an ...

'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Phyllyphantina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Paracromna'' Melichar, 1901 ** '' Phyllyphanta'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * subtribe Scarpantina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Scarpanta'' Stål, 1862 ** '' Scarpantina'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Siphantina Melichar, 1923 ** ''

Siphanta ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Nephesini Distant, 1906 * subtribe Cryptoflatina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Cryptoflata'' Melichar, 1901 ** ''

Metcalfa ''Metcalfa'' is a genus of planthoppers in the Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all o ...

'' Caldwell & Martorell, 1951 ** '' Ormenaria'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 ** ''

Ormenoides ''Ormenoides'' is a genus of North American flatid planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Usually adults are 7 to 7.5 mm in length and 2 mm in width. Species These 6 species belong to the genus ''Ormenoides'': * ''Ormenoides distincta'' * ''Ormeno ...

'' Melichar, 1923 * subtribe Nephesina Distant, 1906 ** ''

Neomelicharia ''Neomelicharia'' is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of ...

'' Kirkaldy, 1903 ** '' Nephesa'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * subtribe Phaedolina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Phaedolus'' Karsch, 1890 * subtribe Pseudoflatina Melichar, 1923 ** ''

Caesonia Milonia Caesonia (died AD 41) was Roman empress as the fourth and last wife of the emperor Caligula from their marriage in AD 39 until they were both assassinated in 41. Life Early life The daughter of Vistilia, Milonia was born toward the begi ...

'' Stål, 1866 ** '' Colgar'' Kirkaldy, 1900 ** '' Colgaroides'' Distant, 1910 - Planthoppers ** '' Dalapax'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 ** '' Gyaria'' Stål, 1862 ** '' Gyariella'' Schmidt, 1924 ** '' Pauliana'' Lallemand, 1950 ** '' Rhinophantia'' Melichar, 1901 ;tribe Phantiini Melichar, 1923 * '' Mesophantia'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Microflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Phantia'' Fieber, 1866 ;tribe Phromniini Distant, 1906 * '' Dermoflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Flatida'' White, 1846 (= ''Phromnia'' Stål, 1862) * '' Flatina'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Flatosoma'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Paraflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Poeciloflata'' Melichar, 1901 ;tribe Poekillopterini Kirkaldy, 1907 * ''

Poekilloptera ''Poekilloptera'' is a genus of South American planthoppers in the subfamily Flatinae and is the sole genus in the tribe Poekillopterini. Species * ''Poekilloptera aperta'' (Melichar, 1901) * ''Poekilloptera aurantiaca'' (Melichar, 1901) * ''Poe ...

'' Latreille, 1796 ;tribe Selizini Distant, 1906 * '' Jamella'' Kirkaldy, 1906 (''J. australiae'', or pandanus planthopper, pest to ''

Pandanus tectorius ''Pandanus tectorius'' is a species of ''Pandanus'' (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, Papuasia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English incl ...

'') * '' Seliza'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Sisciini Melichar, 1923 * '' Siscia'' Stål, 1870

Flatoidinae

Auth.: Melichar, 1901 * '' Atracis'' Stål, 1866 * '' Atracodes'' Melichar, 1902 * '' Bochara'' Distant, 1906 * ''

Cerfennia Collarmele is a ''comune'' and town in the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle o ...

'' Stål, 1870 * '' Cisatra'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Dendrona'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flataloides'' Metcalf, 1938 * '' Flatarina'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 * '' Flatarissa'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 * '' Flatoides'' Guérin-Ménéville, 1844 * '' Flatoidessa'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flatoidinus'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flatosaria'' Melichar, 1923 * ''

Franciscus Franciscus is a Latin given name, originally an epithet meaning "the Frank, the Frenchman". It was applied to Saint Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226). Francis had been baptized Giovanni (John); his father was Italian and his mother Proven� ...

'' Distant, 1910 * ''

Gaja Gaja () is a Sanskrit word for elephant. It is one of the significant animals finding references in Hindu scriptures, as well as Buddhist and Jain texts. Symbolism In general, a gaja personifies a number of positive attributes, including abund ...

'' Distant, 1906 * '' Lichena'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Lichenopsis'' Schmidt, 1912 * '' Melichitona'' Metcalf, 1952 * '' Paraflatoides'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Phalaenomorpha'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * '' Porophloeus'' Melichar, 1902 * '' Pseudoflatoides'' Metcalf, 1938 * '' Uxantis'' Stål, 1870 * '' Uysanus'' Distant, 1908

''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Afrexoma'' Fennah, 1976 * '' Afrophantia'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Afrormenis'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Amasha'' Medler, 1992 * '' Anatracis'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Anzora'' Medler, 1986 * '' Bahuflata'' Dlabola, 1979 * '' Betracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Boretsis'' Medler, 1996 * '' Brysora'' Medler, 2000 * '' Budginmaya'' Fletcher & Moir, 2009 * '' Catracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Comnar'' Medler, 1988 * '' Cromgar'' Medler, 2000 * '' Cromnella'' Fennah, 1969 * '' Cryomna'' Medler, 2000 * '' Cyclopterum'' Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2014 * '' Demina'' Medler, 2000 * '' Desanta'' Medler, 2000 * '' Diastracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Dixamflata'' Stroinski, Malenovský & Swierczewski, 2016 * '' Dworena'' Medler, 1986 * '' Erotana'' Medler, 2000 * '' Eugyaria'' Synave, 1962 * '' Falcophantis'' Fletcher, 1988 * '' Garanta'' Medler, 2000 * '' Humgar'' Medler, 2001 * '' Ijagar'' Medler, 2000 * '' Insulume'' Medler, 1999 * '' Karrama'' Medler, 1988 * '' Kesaflata'' Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016 * '' Kirkamflata'' Swierczewski, Malenovsky & Stroinski, 2014 * '' Lasura'' Medler, 1992 * '' Lemaria'' Medler, 1988 * '' Madoxychara'' Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013 * '' Malleja'' Medler, 1990 * '' Menora'' Medler, 1999 * '' Metcracis'' Medler, 1993 * '' Miniscia'' Medler, 1991 * '' Narowalenus'' Shakila, 1991 * '' Neocalauria'' Synave, 1957 * '' Neomistaria'' Yang & Chen, 2015 * '' Neosephena'' Medler, 2000 * '' Neovariata'' Shakila, 1984 * '' Ortracis'' Medler, 1996 * '' Paracalauria'' Synave, 1962 * '' Parasiphanta'' Fletcher, 1988 * '' Perinetella'' Synave, 1956 * '' Persepolia'' Dlabola & Safavi, 1972 * '' Peyrierasus'' Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013 * '' Phaiophantia'' Lindberg, 1958 * '' Planata'' Medler, 1999 * '' Riodeorolix'' Lindberg, 1956 * '' Safroka'' Medler, 2001 * '' Samcerus'' Medler, 1993 * '' Saurana'' Medler, 1992 * '' Scarpuna'' Medler, 2006 * '' Shadaka'' Medler, 2000 * '' Soares'' Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2012 * '' Sogalabana'' Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2014 * '' Sosephena'' Medler, 1990 * '' Staliana'' Medler, 1988 * '' Stenume'' Medler, 1999 * '' Talopsus'' Medler, 1989 * '' Taparella'' Medler, 1989 * '' Tisia'' Dlabola, 1981 * '' Tormenis'' Medler, 1999 * '' Trisephena'' Medler, 1990 * '' Umidena'' Medler, 1992 * '' Walena'' Medler, 1999

References

External links

Pictures of Australian Flatidae genera

Illustrated overview of Fulgoroidea
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2313525 Auchenorrhyncha families Fulgoromorpha

Subfamilies and genera

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they ...

Flatoidinae

''incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...''

References

External links

''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''