Fedora Linux Fedora Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project. Fedora contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies. Fedora is the upstream sourc ...

is a popular

Linux distribution A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that includes the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Linux users usually obtain their operating system by downloading one ...

developed by the

Fedora Project The Fedora Project is an independent project to co-ordinate the development of Fedora Linux, a Linux-based operating system, operating with the vision of "''a world where everyone benefits from free and open source software built by inclusive, w ...

. Fedora attempts to maintain a six-month release schedule, offering new versions in May and November, although some releases have experienced minor delays.

Release history

Fedora Core 1

''Fedora Core 1'' was the first version of Fedora and was released on November 6, 2003. It was codenamed ''Yarrow''. Fedora Core 1 was based on Red Hat Linux 9. Some of the features in Fedora Core 1 included: * Version 2.4.19 of the

Linux kernel The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU ope ...

; * Version 2.4 of the GNOME Desktop Environment (GNOME); * Version 3.1 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE).

Fedora Core 2

''Fedora Core 2'' was released on May 18, 2004, codenamed ''Tettnang''. Some of the new features in Fedora Core 2 included: * Version 2.6 of the

; * Version 2.6 of the GNOME Desktop Environment (GNOME); * Version 3.2 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE); *

Security-Enhanced Linux Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space t ...

(SELinux); * New X.org. SELinux was disabled by default due to concerns that it radically altered the way that Fedora Core ran. XFree86 was replaced by the newer X.org, a merger of the previous official X11R6 release, which additionally included a number of updates to Xrender,

Xft Xft, the X FreeType interface library, is a free computer program library written by Keith Packard. It uses the MIT/X license that The Open Group applied after the post X11R6.4 license restoration. It is designed to allow the FreeType font ...

, Xcursor, fontconfig libraries, and other significant improvements.

Fedora Core 3

''Fedora Core 3'' was released on November 8, 2004, codenamed ''Heidelberg''. Some of the new features in Fedora Core 3 included: * The Mozilla Firefox web browser; * Support for Indic scripts; *

GNU GRUB GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a use ...

boot loader; * Version 2.8 of the GNOME desktop environment (GNOME); * Version 3.3 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE); * New Fedora Extras repository; * SELinux enabled by default. This release deprecated the LILO boot loader in favor of

(SELinux) now had a new targeted policy, which was less strict than the policy used in Fedora Core 2.

Fedora Core 4

''Fedora Core 4'' was released on June 13, 2005, with the codename ''Stentz''. It shipped with Linux 2.6.11, KDE 3.4 and GNOME 2.10. This version introduced the new Clearlooks theme, which was inspired by the

Red Hat Red Hat, Inc. is an American software company that provides open source software products to enterprises. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, with other offices worldwide. Red Hat has become ass ...

Bluecurve theme. It also shipped with the

OpenOffice.org OpenOffice.org (OOo), commonly known as OpenOffice, is a discontinued open-source office suite. Active successor projects include LibreOffice (the most actively developed), Apache OpenOffice, Collabora Online (enterprise ready LibreOffice) a ...

2.0 office suite, as well as

Xen Xen (pronounced ) is a type-1 hypervisor, providing services that allow multiple computer operating systems to execute on the same computer hardware concurrently. It was originally developed by the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory an ...

, a high performance and secure open source virtualization framework. It also introduced support for the

PowerPC PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple Inc., App ...

CPU architecture, and over 80 new policies for

(SELinux).

Fedora Core 5

This ''Core'' release introduced specific artwork that defined it. This is a trend that has continued in later Fedora versions. ''Fedora Core 5'' was released on March 20, 2006, with the codename ''Bordeaux'', and introduced the Fedora Bubbles artwork. It was the first Fedora release to include

Mono Mono may refer to: Common meanings * Infectious mononucleosis, "the kissing disease" * Monaural, monophonic sound reproduction, often shortened to mono * Mono-, a numerical prefix representing anything single Music Performers * Mono (Japanese b ...

and tools built with it such as

Beagle The beagle is a breed of small scent hound, similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound. The beagle was developed primarily for hunting hare, known as beagling. Possessing a great sense of smell and superior tracking instincts, the ...

F-Spot F-Spot is a slowly maintained image organizer, designed to provide personal photo management for the GNOME desktop environment. The name is a play on the word F-Stop. History The F-Spot project was started by Ettore Perazzoli and is maintained b ...

and

Tomboy A tomboy is a term for a girl or a young woman with masculine qualities. It can include wearing androgynous or unfeminine clothing and actively engage in physical sports or other activities and behaviors usually associated with boys or men. W ...

. It also introduced new package management tools such as pup and pirut (''see

Yellowdog Updater, Modified The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is a free and open-source command-line A command-line interpreter or command-line processor uses a command-line interface (CLI) to receive commands from a user in the form of lines of text. This provid ...

''). It also was the first Fedora release not to include the long deprecated (but kept for compatibility)

LinuxThreads In the Linux operating system, LinuxThreads was a partial implementation of POSIX Threads introduced in 1996. The main developer of LinuxThreads was Xavier Leroy. It has been superseded by the Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL). LinuxThreads had ...

, replaced by the

Native POSIX Thread Library The Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL) is an implementation of the POSIX Threads specification for the Linux operating system. History Before the 2.6 version of the Linux kernel, processes were the schedulable entities, and there were no special f ...

Fedora Core 6

''Fedora Core 6'' was released on October 24, 2006, codenamed ''Zod''. This release introduced the Fedora DNA artwork, replacing the Fedora Bubbles artwork used in Fedora Core 5. The codename is derived from the villain,

General Zod General Zod is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly known as an List of Superman enemies, adversary of the superhero Superman. The character, who first appeared in ''Adventure Comics'' #283 (April 1961 ...

, from the Superman DC Comic Books. This version introduced support for the

Compiz Compiz () is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as lo ...

compositing window manager A compositing window manager, or compositor, is a window manager that provides applications with an off-screen data buffer, buffer for each window. The window manager Compositing, composites the window buffers into an image representing the screen ...

and

AIGLX Accelerated Indirect GLX ("AIGLX") is an Open-source software, open source project founded by Red Hat and the Fedora (operating system), Fedora community, led by Kristian Høgsberg, to allow accelerated indirect GLX rendering capabilities to t ...

(a technology that enables GL-accelerated effects on a standard desktop). It shipped with

Firefox Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and ...

1.5 as the default web browser, and Smolt, a tool that allows users to inform developers about the hardware they use.

Fedora Linux 7

Fedora Linux 7, codenamed ''Moonshine'', was released on May 31, 2007. The biggest difference between Fedora Core 6 and Fedora 7 was the merging of the Red Hat "Core" and Community "Extras" repositories, dropping "Core" from the name "Fedora Core," and the new build system put in place to manage those packages. This release used entirely new build and compose tools that enabled the user to create fully customized Fedora distributions that could also include packages from any third-party provider. There were three official ''spins'' available for Fedora 7: *Live – two Live CDs (one for GNOME and one for KDE); *Fedora – a DVD that includes all the major packages available at shipping; *Everything – simply an installation tree for use by yum and Internet installations. Fedora 7 featured GNOME 2.18 and KDE 3.5, a new theme entitled ''Flying High'',

2.2 and

2.0. This theme included a complete refresh of the various icons and symbols.

Fast user switching Fast user switching is a feature of a multi-user operating system which allows users to switch between user accounts without quitting applications and logging out. In Linux The Linux kernel's VT subsystem dates back to 1993 and does not underst ...

was fully integrated and enabled by default. Also, there were a number of updates to

SELinux Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space t ...

, including a new ''setroubleshoot'' tool for debugging SELinux security notifications, and a new, comprehensive ''system-config-selinux'' tool for fine-tuning the SELinux setup.

Fedora Linux 8

Fedora Linux 8, codenamed ''Werewolf'', was released on November 8, 2007. Some of the new features and updates in Fedora 8 included: *''

PulseAudio PulseAudio is a network-capable sound server program distributed via the freedesktop.org project. It runs mainly on Linux, various BSD distributions such as FreeBSD and OpenBSD, macOS, as well as Illumos distributions and the Solaris operating ...

'' – a sound daemon that allows different applications to control the audio. Fedora was the first distribution to enable it by default. *''system-config-firewall'' – a new firewall configuration tool that replaces system-config-security level from previous releases. *''Codeina'' – a tool that guides users using content under proprietary or patent-encumbered formats to purchase codecs from fluendo; it is an optional component that may be uninstalled in favor of

GStreamer GStreamer is a pipeline-based multimedia framework that links together a wide variety of media processing systems to complete complex workflows. For instance, GStreamer can be used to build a system that reads files in one format, processes them, ...

codec plug-ins which are free of charge. *'' IcedTea'' – a project that attempts to bring

OpenJDK OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GPL-2.0-only wi ...

to Fedora by replacing encumbered code. *''

NetworkManager NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces (and a couple of other daemons) and provides a high-level interface for the configuration of the network interfaces. Rationale NetworkManager is a software ...

'' – faster, more reliable connections; better security (through the use of the

keyring A keychain (also key fob or keyring) is a small ring or chain of metal to which several keys can be attached. The length of a keychain allows an item to be used more easily than if connected directly to a keyring. Some keychains allow one or bo ...

); clearer display of wireless networks; better

D-Bus In computing, D-Bus (short for "Desktop Bus") is a message-oriented middleware mechanism that allows communication between multiple processes running concurrently on the same machine. D-Bus was developed as part of the freedesktop.org project, ...

integration. *''Better laptop support'' – enhancements to the kernel to reduce battery load, disabling of background

cron The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Unix-like operating systems. Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts), also known as cron jobs, to run periodically at fixed ti ...

jobs when running on the battery, and additional wireless drivers. Due to criticism regarding inconsistent UI in Fedora 7 and its previous versions, Fedora 8 also included a new desktop artwork entitled ''Infinity'' and a new desktop theme named ''Nodoka,'' replacing the ''Flying High'' theme in the predecessor. A unique feature of Infinity was that the wallpaper could change to reflect the time of day. In February 2008, a new Xfce Live CD "spin" was announced for the

x86 x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor and its 8088 variant. The 8086 was introd ...

and

x86-64 x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first released in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new 4-level paging mod ...

architectures. This

Live CD A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading fro ...

version uses the Xfce desktop environment, which aims to be fast and lightweight, while still being visually appealing and easy to use. Like the GNOME and KDE spins, the Xfce spin can be installed to the hard disk.

Fedora Linux 9

Fedora Linux 9, codenamed ''Sulphur'', was released on May 13, 2008. Some of the new features of Fedora 9 included: *'' GNOME 2.22''. *'' KDE Plasma 4.0'', which is the default interface as part of the KDE spin. *'' OpenJDK 6'' has replaced IcedTea. *''

PackageKit PackageKit is a free and open-source suite of software applications designed to provide a consistent and high-level front end for a number of different package management systems. PackageKit was created by Richard Hughes in 2007, and first intro ...

'' is included as a front-end to yum, and as the default package manager. *''One Second X'' allows the

X Window System The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a GUI environment: drawing and moving windows on the display device and interacting wit ...

to perform a cold start from the command line in nearly one second; similarly, shutdown of X should be as quick. * Upstart introduced *Many improvements to the

Anaconda Anacondas or water boas are a group of large snakes of the genus ''Eunectes''. They are found in tropical South America. Four species are currently recognized. Description Although the name applies to a group of snakes, it is often used to re ...

installer; among these features, it now supports resizing ext2, ext3 and NTFS file systems, and can create and install Fedora to encrypted file systems. *

3.0 beta 5 is included in this release, and the 3.0 package was released as an update the same day as the general release. *''Perl 5.10'', which features a smaller memory footprint and other improvements. *Data Persistence in USB images. Fedora 9 featured a new artwork entitled ''Waves'' which, like ''Infinity'' in Fedora 8, changes the wallpaper to reflect the time of day.

Fedora Linux 10

Fedora Linux 10, codenamed ''Cambridge'', was released on November 25, 2008. It flaunts the new ''Solar'' artwork. Its features include: *Faster startup using one

Plymouth Plymouth () is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west. Plymouth ...

splash screen for all future releases (instead of the Red Hat Graphical Boot specific for each version used in previous versions) *Support for

ext4 ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for ...

filesystem *

Sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double ...

Desktop Environment *

LXDE LXDE (abbreviation for Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) is a free desktop environment with comparatively low resource requirements. This makes it especially suitable for use on older or resource-constrained personal computers such as netb ...

Desktop Environment (LXDE Spin) *GNOME 2.24 *KDE Plasma 4.1 (KDE Spin) *

3.0

Fedora Linux 11

Fedora Linux 11, codenamed ''Leonidas'', was released on June 9, 2009. This was the first release whose artwork is determined by the name instead of by users voting on themes. Some of the features in Fedora 11 are: *

as the default

file system In computing, file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to fs) is a method and data structure that the operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, data placed in a storage medium would be one larg ...

*experimental

Btrfs Btrfs (pronounced as "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or simply by spelling it out) is a computer storage format that combines a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle with a logical volume manager (not to be confused ...

activated by ''IcantbelieveitsnotBTR'' command line option at bootup *faster bootup aimed at 20 seconds. *GCC 4.4 *GNOME 2.26 *KDE Plasma 4.2 (KDE Spin) *2.6.29

Eclipse An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. This alignment of three ce ...

3.4.2 *

Netbeans NetBeans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java (programming language), Java. NetBeans allows applications to be developed from a set of modular software components called ''modules''. NetBeans runs on Microsoft Windows, Windows, ...

6.5 *

nVidia Nvidia CorporationOfficially written as NVIDIA and stylized in its logo as VIDIA with the lowercase "n" the same height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as VIDIA with a large italicized lowercase "n" on products from the mid 1990s to ...

kernel modesetting through the open source nouveau (graphics) driver. *OpenOffice 3.1 *

Python Python may refer to: Snakes * Pythonidae, a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia ** ''Python'' (genus), a genus of Pythonidae found in Africa and Asia * Python (mythology), a mythical serpent Computing * Python (pro ...

2.6 *Xfce to 4.6 (Xfce Spin) *X server 1.6 * fprint – support for systems with

fingerprint reader Fingerprint scanners are security systems of biometrics. They are used in police stations, security industries, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Function Everyone has patterns of friction ridges on their fingers, and it is this pattern t ...

Fedora Linux 12

Fedora Linux 12, codenamed ''Constantine'', was released on November 17, 2009. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 12. Some of the features in Fedora 12 are: *Optimized performance. All software packages on 32-bit (x86_32) architecture have been compiled for i686 systems *Improved Webcam support (

Cheese Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During production, ...

) *Better video codec with a newer version of

Ogg Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The authors of the Ogg format state that it is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient streaming and manipulation of high-quality d ...

Theora Theora is a free file format, free Lossy compression, lossy video compression format. It is developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and distributed without licensing fees alongside their other free and open media projects, including the Vorbis ...

*Audio improvements *Automatic bug reporting tool (abrt) *Bluetooth on demand *Enhanced NetworkManager to manage broadband *Many virtualization enhancements ( KVM,

libvirt libvirt is an open-source API, daemon and management tool for managing platform virtualization. It can be used to manage KVM, Xen, VMware ESXi, QEMU and other virtualization technologies. These APIs are widely used in the orchestration laye ...

libguestfs libguestfs is a C library and a set of tools for accessing and modifying virtual disk images used in platform virtualization. The tools can be used for viewing and editing virtual machines (VMs) managed by libvirt and files inside VMs, scripting ...

) *

used even for the boot partition *Moblin interface *Yum-presto plugin providing Delta RPMs for updates by default *New compression algorithm ( XZ, the new LZMA format) in

RPM Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or with the notation min−1) is a unit of rotational speed or rotational frequency for rotating machines. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 defines a unit of rotation as the dimensionl ...

packages for smaller and faster updates *Experimental 3D support for ATI R600/ R700 cards *GCC 4.4 * SystemTap 1.0 with

integration *GNOME 2.28 *GNOME Shell preview *KDE Plasma 4.3, Plasma 4.4 was pushed to updates repository on February 27, 2010 (KDE Spin) *2.6.31

, Kernel 2.6.32 was pushed to updates repository on February 27, 2010 *X server 1.7 with Multi-Pointer X (MPX) support *NetBeans 6.7 *PHP 5.3 * Rakudo Perl 6 compiler

Fedora Linux 13

Fedora Linux 13, codenamed ''"Goddard"'', was released on May 25, 2010. During early development, Fedora project leader Paul Frields anticipated "looking at the fit and finish issues. We have tended to build a really tight ship with Fedora, but now we want to make the décor in the cabins a little more sumptuous and to polish the deck chairs and railings." Features of Fedora 13 include: *Automatic printer-driver installation *Automatic language pack installation *Redesigned user-account tool *Color management to calibrate monitors and scanners *Experimental 3D support for

NVIDIA Nvidia CorporationOfficially written as NVIDIA and stylized in its logo as VIDIA with the lowercase "n" the same height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as VIDIA with a large italicized lowercase "n" on products from the mid 1990s to ...

video cards *A new way to install Fedora over the Internet * SSSD authentication for users *Updates to NFS *Inclusion of Zarafa Open Source edition *System rollback for the Btrfs file system *Better SystemTap probes *Support for the entire Java EE 6 spec in

6.8 *

KDE Plasma Plasma is a desktop environment by KDE, and can refer to: * KDE Plasma 5 (2014–today) * KDE Plasma 4 (2008–2015) * Plasma Mobile for smartphones * Plasma Bigscreen Plasma Bigscreen is a software project from KDE which contains an interface op ...

Integration *New command-line interface for

Fedora Linux 14

Fedora Linux 14, codenamed ''Laughlin'', was released on November 2, 2010. It was the last to use the

GNOME 2 GNOME 2 is the second major release of the GNOME desktop environment. Building upon the release of GNOME 1, development of GNOME 2 focused on a greater design-oriented approach that simplified and standardized elements of the environment. It als ...

desktop environment (now forked as

MATE Mate may refer to: Science * Mate, one of a pair of animals involved in: ** Mate choice, intersexual selection ** Mating * Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein, or MATE, an efflux transporter family of proteins Person or title * Friendship ...

). GNOME 2 had been the desktop environment of the operating system since its inception in 2003. Features of Fedora 14 included: *Updated Boost to the upstream 1.44 release *Addition of the D compiler (LDC) and D standard runtime library (Tango) *Concurrent release of Fedora 14 on the

Amazon EC2 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a part of Amazon.com's cloud-computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS), that allows users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications. EC2 encourages scalable deployment of ...

cloud *Updated Fedora's

stack to Helios releases *Updated Erlang to the upstream R14 release *Replacement of

libjpeg libjpeg is a free library with functions for handling the JPEG image data format. It implements a JPEG codec (encoding and decoding) alongside various utilities for handling JPEG data. It is written in C and distributed as free software togeth ...

with libjpeg-turbo *Inclusion of virt-v2v tool *Inclusion of Spice framework for VDI deployment *Updates to Rakudo Star implementation of Perl 6 *

NetBeans NetBeans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java (programming language), Java. NetBeans allows applications to be developed from a set of modular software components called ''modules''. NetBeans runs on Microsoft Windows, Windows, ...

IDE updated to the 6.9 release *Inclusion of ipmiutil system management tool *Inclusion of a tech preview of the

GNOME Shell GNOME Shell is the graphical shell of the GNOME desktop environment starting with version 3, which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functions like launching applications, switching between windows and is also a widget engine. ...

environment *

2.7

Fedora Linux 15

Fedora Linux 15, codenamed ''Lovelock'', was released on May 24, 2011. Features of Fedora 15 include: *Inclusion of

GNOME 3 GNOME 3 is the third major release of the GNOME desktop environment. A major departure from technologies implemented by its predecessors, GNOME 3 introduced a dramatically different user interface. It was the first GNOME release to utilize a unif ...

desktop *

LibreOffice LibreOffice () is a free and open-source productivity software, office productivity software suite, a project of The Document Foundation (TDF). It was fork (software development), forked in 2010 from OpenOffice.org, an open-sourced version of t ...

replaced

*Inclusion of

GNU Compiler Collection The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free software ...

4.6 *Responsibility for booting is taken up by

Systemd systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux operating systems. Its main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions; Its primary component is a "system and service manager ...

*LLVMpipe replacing

Mesa A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by ...

software rasterizer *Inclusion of BoxGrinder software *Support for dynamic firewalls with

firewalld firewalld is a firewall management tool for Linux operating systems. It provides firewall features by acting as a front-end for the Linux kernel's netfilter framework. firewalld's current default backend is nftables. Prior to v0.6.0, iptable ...

*Inclusion of

PowerTOP PowerTOP is a software utility designed to measure, explain and minimise a computer's electrical power consumption. It was released by Intel in 2007 under the GPLv2 license. It works for Intel, AMD, ARM and UltraSPARC processors. PowerTOP anal ...

2.x *Adoption of Consistent Network Device Naming *Better support for encrypted Home directories

Fedora Linux 16

Fedora Linux 16, codenamed "Verne", was released on November 8, 2011. Fedora 16 was also dedicated to the memory of

Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He is most well-known for creating the C programming language and, with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system and B p ...

, who died about a month before the release. Some of the features of Fedora 16 included: *Linux kernel 3.1.0 *Inclusion of GNOME 3.2.1 desktop *Updated to latest

KDE Software Compilation The KDE Software Compilation (KDE SC) was an umbrella term for the desktop environment plus a range of included applications produced by KDE. From its 1.0 release in July 1998 until the release of version 4.4 in February 2010, the Software Compi ...

4.7.2 *

GRUB2 GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a us ...

begun the default boot-loader *

Ext4 ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for ...

driver used for

Ext3 ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions. Stephen Tweedie first revealed that he was working on extend ...

and

Ext2 The ext2 or second extended file system is a file system for the Linux kernel. It was initially designed by French software developer Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file system (ext). Having been designed according to the same pr ...

file systems * HAL daemon removed in favour of udisks, upower, and libudev *Unification of the user interfaces for all problem reporting programs and mechanisms *Virtualization improvements including

OpenStack OpenStack is a free, open standard cloud computing platform. It is mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) in both public and private clouds where virtual servers and other resources are made available to users. The software plat ...

and Aeolus Conductor *Fedora uses UID/ GIDs up through 999 for system accounts *Enhanced cloud support including Condor Cloud, HekaFS, and

pacemaker An artificial cardiac pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural cardiac pacemaker) or pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of the heart eith ...

-cloud

Fedora Linux 17

Fedora Linux 17, codenamed "Beefy Miracle", which was released on May 29, 2012. Some of the features of Fedora 17 include: *Linux kernel 3.3.4 *Integrated UEFI support. *Inclusion of GNOME 3.4 desktop, offering software rendering support for

*Updated to latest

4.8.3 *A new filesystem structure moving more things to/usr *Removable disks are now mounted under/run/media due to a change in udisks *systemd-logind replaces ConsoleKit, offering multiseat improvements *Inclusion of the

sandbox;

virt-manager In computing, the Red Hat Virtual Machine Manager, also known as virt-manager, is a desktop virtual machine monitor. Features Virtual Machine Manager allows users to: * create, edit, start and stop VMs * view and control each VM's conso ...

now supports USB pass-through *Services now use private temp directories to improve security

Fedora Linux 18

Fedora Linux 18, codenamed "Spherical Cow", was released on January 15, 2013. Some of the features of Fedora 18 include: *Linux kernel 3.6.10 *Support for

UEFI UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a set of specifications written by the UEFI Forum. They define the architecture of the platform firmware used for booting and its interface for interaction with the operating system. Examples of f ...

Secure Boot UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a set of Specification (technical standard), specifications written by the UEFI Forum. They define the Software architecture, architecture of the platform firmware used for booting and its Interfa ...

*A rewrite of the

installer *A new system upgrade utility called FedUp *Default desktop upgraded to GNOME 3.6.3 *Updated to KDE Plasma 4.9 and Xfce 4.10 *Inclusion of

and

Cinnamon Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus ''Cinnamomum''. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, breakfa ...

desktops *Better

Active Directory Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. Initially, Active Directory was used only for centralize ...

support through

FreeIPA FreeIPA is a free and open source identity management system. FreeIPA is the upstream open-source project foRed Hat Identity Management Overview FreeIPA aims to provide a centrally managed Identity, Policy, and Audit (IPA) system. It uses ...

v3 *Support for

hotspots *Support for 256 color terminals by default *Offline system updates utilizing

systemd systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux operating systems. Its main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions; Its primary component is a "system and service manager ...

and

*Better cloud computing support with the inclusion of

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as euca ...

Heat In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not ''contain'' heat. Nevertheless, the term is al ...

, and OpenStack Folsom *

replaces system-config-firewall as default

Fedora Linux 19

Fedora Linux 19, codenamed "Schrödinger's Cat", was released on July 2, 2013. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 19. Some of the features of Fedora 19 include: *Further improvements to the new

installer *A new initial setup application *Support to

application checkpointing Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It basically consists of saving a snapshot of the application's state, so that applications can restart from that point in case of failure. This is particularly imp ...

through CRIU *Default desktop upgraded to

GNOME A gnome is a mythological creature and diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, first introduced by Paracelsus in the 16th century and later adopted by more recent authors including those of modern fantasy literature. Its characte ...

3.8 *Updated to KDE Plasma 4.10 and

1.6 *

MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Development is led by some of the ori ...

has replaced

MySQL MySQL () is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database o ...

* GCC has been updated to version 4.8 *

RPM Package Manager RPM Package Manager (RPM) (originally Red Hat Package Manager, now a recursive acronym) is a free and open-source package management system. The name RPM refers to the file format and the package manager program itself. RPM was intended primaril ...

has been updated to version 4.11 *Includes the new Developers Assistant tool *Numerous upstream improvements to

firewall Firewall may refer to: * Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts * Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building, designed to limit the spre ...

and

*Improved cloud support, including better compatibility with

Fedora Linux 20

Fedora Linux 20, the last codenamed release named "Heisenbug", was released on December 17, 2013. Some of the features of Fedora 20 include: *

3.10 *

ARM In human anatomy, the arm refers to the upper limb in common usage, although academically the term specifically means the upper arm between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint. The distal part of the upper limb between the ...

as primary architecture in addition to x86 and x86_64 *Replacement of the gnome-packagekit frontends with a new application installer, tentatively named gnome-software Shortly after the release of Fedora 20, the Fedora project team decided to abolish the codename system completely due to inconvenience, which meant that future Fedora releases would only be referred to by their version number.

Fedora Linux 21

Fedora Linux 21, the first version without a codename, was released on December 9, 2014. *

desktop 3.14 with several minor visual enhancements *Due to concerns regarding lack of direction, Fedora introduced three flavors providing different specialized set of preinstalled packages depending on use purpose: Workstation, Server, and Cloud

Fedora Linux 22

Fedora Linux 22 was released on May 26, 2015. Major features include: *

3.16 with a completely redesigned notification system and automatically hiding scrollbars * DNF replacing yum as the default package manager *The default display server for the

GNOME Display Manager GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a display manager (a graphical login manager) for the windowing systems X11 and Wayland. The X Window System by default uses the XDM display manager. However, resolving XDM configuration issues typically involve ...

being Wayland instead of

Xorg X.Org Server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System display server stewarded by the X.Org Foundation. Implementations of the client-side X Window System protocol exist in the form of ''X11 libraries'', which serve a ...

Fedora Linux 23

Fedora Linux 23 was released on November 3, 2015. *GNOME desktop 3.18 *Inclusion of the

5 update *The Fedora release updater, FedUp, was integrated into DNF. Thus, FedUp was deprecated. *It uses a Python3 (specifically python3.4.3) as the operating system's default Python implementation. See also.

Fedora Linux 24

Fedora Linux 24 was released on June 21, 2016. Some notable system wide changes include: * GNOME Desktop 3.20 * GCC 6 *

3.5 * New system-wide font used by default

Fedora Linux 25

Fedora Linux 25 was released on November 22, 2016. Some notable changes (see for more) are the use of the Wayland display system, Unicode 9, PHP 7.0, Node.js 6 and IBus Emoji typing.

Fedora Linux 26

Fedora Linux 26 was released on July 11, 2017.

Fedora Linux 27

Fedora Linux 27 was released on November 14, 2017. The Workstation edition of Fedora 27 features GNOME 3.26. Both the Display and Network configuration panels have been updated, along with the overall Settings panel appearance improvement. The system search now shows more results at once, including the system actions. This release also features LibreOffice 5.4.

Fedora Linux 28

Fedora Linux 28 was released on May 1, 2018. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 28. Notable new features: a modular software repository, curated third-party software repositories.

Fedora Linux 29

Fedora Linux 29 was released on October 30, 2018. Notable new features: Fedora ''Modularity'' across all variants, a new optional package repository called Modular (also referred to as the "Application Stream" or AppStream), Gnome 3.30, ZRAM for ARM images, Fedora Scientific Vagrant images

Fedora Linux 30

Fedora Linux 30 was released on April 30, 2019. Its change set i
here

Fedora Linux 31

Fedora Linux 31 was released October 29, 2019. Its change set is

here Here is an adverb that means "in, on, or at this place". It may also refer to: Software * Here Technologies, a mapping company * Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps), a mobile app and map website by Here Television * Here TV (formerly "here!"), a TV ...

Fedora Linux 32

Fedora Linux 32 was released April 28, 2020. Its change set is

Fedora Linux 33

Fedora Linux 33 was released on October 27, 2020. Its change set is

. Fedora 33 Workstation Edition was the first version of the operating system to default to using

as its default

, and replacement of a

swap partition In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary stora ...

with

zram zram, formerly called compcache, is a Linux kernel module for creating a compressed block device in RAM, i.e. a RAM disk with on-the-fly disk compression. The block device created with zram can then be used for swap or as general-purpose RAM di ...

. It featured version 3.38 of the

desktop environment In computing, a desktop environment (DE) is an implementation of the desktop metaphor made of a bundle of programs running on top of a computer operating system that share a common graphical user interface (GUI), sometimes described as a graphica ...

, and Linux kernel 5.8.15. For the first time since version 7, Fedora defaulted to a slideshow background (four png images of the Earth, from space) that changes hue according to the time of day.

GNU nano GNU nano is a text editor for Unix-like computing systems or operating environments using a command line interface. It emulates the Pico text editor, part of the Pine email client, and also provides additional functionality. Unlike Pico, nano is ...

became the default

text editor A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text. Such programs are sometimes known as "notepad" software (e.g. Windows Notepad). Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be us ...

for the

command-line interface A command-line interpreter or command-line processor uses a command-line interface (CLI) to receive commands from a user in the form of lines of text. This provides a means of setting parameters for the environment, invoking executables and pro ...

in place of vi. Fedora IoT, while previously available as a "Fedora Spin", was promoted to an official edition of the operating system.

Fedora Linux 34

Fedora Linux 34 was released April 27, 2021.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial open-source Linux distribution developed by Red Hat for the commercial market. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version ...

9 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 34. Its change set includes GNOME 40, filesystem compression by default, exclusive use of Pipewire, and defaulting KDE Plasma to Wayland.

Fedora Linux 35

Fedora Linux 35 was released on November 2, 2021.

Fedora Linux 36

Fedora Linux 36 was released on May 10, 2022.

Fedora Linux 37

Fedora Linux 37 was released on November 15, 2022.

Images gallery

File:Fedora Core 1.png, Fedora Core 1 File:Fedora Core 2.png, Fedora Core 2 File:Fedora Core 3.png, Fedora Core 3 File:Fedora Core 4.png, Fedora Core 4 File:Fedora Core 5.png, Fedora Core 5 File:Fedora Core 6 Desktop.png, Fedora Core 6 File:Fedora 7 Desktop.png, Fedora Linux 7 File:Fedora 8 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 8 File:Fedora.png, Fedora Linux 9 File:Fedora 10 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 10 File:Fedora 11 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 11 File:Fedora 12 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 12 File:Fedora 13 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 13 File:Fedora 14 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 14 File:Fedora 15 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 15 File:Fedora 16 default Desktop.png, Fedora Linux 16 File:Fedora-17-GNOME-Desktop.png, Fedora Linux 17 File:Fedora 18 with GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 18 File:Fedora 19 with GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 19 File:Fedora 20 with GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 20 File:Fedora21.png, Fedora Linux 21 File:Fedora 22 GNOME 3.16.png, Fedora Linux 22 File:Fedora 29 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 29 File:Fedora 30 GNOME.png, Fedora Linux 30 File:Fedora 31.png, Fedora Linux 31 File:Fedora 32 GNOME desktop.png, Fedora Linux 32 File:Fedora 33 GNOME Desktop en.png, Fedora Linux 33 File:Fedora 34 GNOME Desktop Day en.png, Fedora Linux 34 File:Fedora Workstation 35.png, Fedora Linux 35 File:Fedora 36 workstation default appearance.png, Fedora Linux 36 File:Screenshot from 2022-11-27 14-51-20.png, Fedora Linux 37

References

External links

* *{{DistroWatch, fedoralinux, NAME=Fedora Linux Fedora Project Lists of operating systems Software version histories