Ernst Wilhelm Theodor Gaupp (13 July 1865 – 23 November 1916) was a German anatomist from

Beuthen Bytom (Polish pronunciation: ; Silesian: ''Bytōm, Bytōń'', german: Beuthen O.S.) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland, the city is 7 km northwest of Katowice, the regional capita ...

in Upper Silesia (today Bytom, Poland). He studied

natural sciences Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

and medicine in

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a popu ...

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...

and Breslau, where he received his doctorate in 1889. Afterwards he worked as an anatomist in

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic German, Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population o ...

and Breslau (1915). Gaupp is best remembered for his research involving the morphological development of the

cranium The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, the ...

vertebrate Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, ...

s. He is credited for establishing the basis and methodology for modern investigations regarding the

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

and morphogenesis of crania. With Karl Bogislaus Reichert (1811-1883), he was co-architect of the

Reichert–Gaupp theory The evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles was an evolutionary event that resulted in the formation of the bones of the mammalian middle ear. These bones, or ossicles, are a defining characteristic of all mammals. The event is well-documented an ...

involving the origin of mammalian

ossicles The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body. They serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The absence of the auditory ...

of the ear.

Selected writings

* ''Zur Kenntnis des Primordial-Craniums der Amphibien und Reptilien''. (Regarding the primordial cranium of

amphibians Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arbore ...

and

reptiles Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the Class (biology), class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsid, sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, Squamata, squamates (lizar ...

) In: Verh. Anat. Ges. 5: 114–120, 1891. * ''A. Ecker's und R. Wiedersheim's Anatomie des Frosches, Auf Grund eigener Untersuchungen durchaus neu bearbeitet'' (

Alexander Ecker Johann Alexander Ecker (10 July 1816 – 20 May 1887) was a German anthropologist and anatomist, born in Freiburg im Breisgau. He was the son of Johann Matthias Alexander Ecker (1766–1829), a professor at the University of Freiburg. Biograp ...

's and

Robert Wiedersheim Robert Ernst Eduard Wiedersheim (21 April 1848 in Nürtingen – 12 July 1923 in Schachen (Lindau)) was a German anatomist who is famous for publishing a list of 86 "vestigial organs" in his book ''The Structure of Man: An Index to His Past Histor ...

's ''Anatomy of Frogs'', a new edition by Ernst Gaupp); 2 and 3 Aufl. 1896, 1904. * ''Alte Probleme und neuere Arbeiten ueber den Wirbeltierschaedel'' (Old problems and new research on the vertebrate cranium). In: Erg. Anat. Entw. 10: 847–1001, 1900. * ''Die Reichertsche Theorie, Hammer-, Amboss- und Kieferfrage''. (The Reichert theory,

hammer A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object. This can be, for example, to drive nails into wood, to shape metal (as w ...

anvil An anvil is a metalworking tool consisting of a large block of metal (usually forged or cast steel), with a flattened top surface, upon which another object is struck (or "worked"). Anvils are as massive as practical, because the higher th ...

- and

jaw The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term ''jaws'' is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serv ...

question) In: Arch. Anat. Suppl. 1912: 1–416 * ''August Weismann, sein Leben und sein Werk'' edited by Eugen Fischer ( August Weismann, his life and work) 1917.HathiTrust Catalog
(published works)

References

* "This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...

", source listed as
E. Fischer: Ernst Gaupp
In: Anatomischer Anzeiger. 1917, 49, S. 584–591. {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaupp, Ernst 1865 births 1916 deaths German anatomists People from Bytom People from the Province of Silesia University of Jena alumni University of Königsberg alumni University of Königsberg faculty University of Breslau alumni University of Breslau faculty University of Freiburg faculty