''Episinus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...

in 1809. They can grow up to long.

Species

it contains forty-seven species and one subspecies, found worldwide: *'' E. affinis'' Bösenberg &

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street ...

, 1906 –

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

(Far East),

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

*'' E. algiricus'' Lucas, 1846 –

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

, Northwest Africa, Malta? *'' E. amoenus''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...

, 1911 – USA,

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

*'' E. angulatus'' ( Blackwall, 1836) –

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, Russia (

to West Siberia), Central Asia *'' E. antipodianus''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1880 –

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

*'' E. baoshanensis'' Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

*'' E. bilineatus'' Simon, 1894 –

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

*'' E. bimucronatus'' (Simon, 1895) –

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

*'' E. bishopi'' (Lessert, 1929) – Congo *'' E. bonjovi'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. cavernicola'' ( Kulczyński, 1897) –

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

*'' E. chikunii'' Yoshida, 1985 – Japan *'' E. emanus'' Levi, 1964 –

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

*'' E. fontinalis'' Levy, 1985 –

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

*'' E. garisus'' Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil *'' E. gibbus'' Zhu & Wang, 1995 – China *'' E. hickmani'' Caporiacco, 1949 –

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

*'' E. immundus'' ( Keyserling, 1884) – Peru, Brazil *'' E. implexus'' (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela *'' E. israeliensis'' Levy, 1985 – Israel *'' E. jiangweni'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. kitazawai'' Yaginuma, 1958 – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan *'' E. longabdomenus'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. macrops'' Simon, 1903 –

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

, Congo *'' E. maculipes'' Cavanna, 1876 – Europe,

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

, Turkey,

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

**'' Episinus m. numidicus'' Kulczyński, 1905 – Algeria,

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

*'' E. maderianus'' Kulczyński, 1905 – Canary Is., Madeira *'' E. makiharai'' Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan *'' E. marignaci'' (Lessert, 1933) –

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

*'' E. meruensis'' Tullgren, 1910 –

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

*'' E. mikhailovi'' Zamani & Marusik, 2021 – Iran *'' E. mucronatus'' (Simon, 1894) –

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

*'' E. nanyue'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' E. nubilus'' Yaginuma, 1960 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is. *'' E. pentagonalis'' Chakrabarti, 2013 – India *'' E. porteri'' (Simon, 1901) –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

*'' E. punctisparsus'' Yoshida, 1983 – Taiwan *'' E. rhomboidalis'' (Simon, 1895) –

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

, Singapore *'' E. similanus'' Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand *'' E. similitudus'' Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand *'' E. taibeli'' Caporiacco, 1949 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

*'' E. theridioides'' Simon, 1873 – Spain, France (mainland,

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

), Italy (

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...

) *'' E. tongyani'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. truncatus'' Latreille, 1809 ( type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

*'' E. typicus'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' E. variacorneus'' Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992 – China *'' E. xiushanicus'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. yoshidai'' Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan Formerly included: *''E. bicorniger'' (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to ''

Janula ''Janula'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a Synonym_(taxonomy), senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South Ame ...

'') *''E. bicornis'' (Thorell, 1881) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. bicruciatus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. bifrons'' (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. caudifer'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to ''

Moneta In Roman mythology, Moneta (Latin Monēta) was a title given to two separate goddesses: It was the name of the goddess of memory (identified with the Greek goddess Mnemosyne), and it was an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta (Latin Iūno Monēt ...

'') *''E. coercerveus'' Roberts, 1978 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. conifer'' (Urquhart, 1886) (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. erythrophthalmus'' (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. gratiosus'' Bryant, 1940 (Transferred to '' Neopisinus'') *''E. longipes'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Neopisinus'') *''E. luteolimbatus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. malachinus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. marginatus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. minusculus'' Gertsch, 1936 (Transferred to ''

Chrosiothes ''Chrosiothes'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Theridiotis''. They have thick legs and two minute setae in place of a colulus. Males are noticea ...

'') *''E. mirabilis'' (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. modestus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. nebulosus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. ocreatus'' (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. paiki'' Seo, 1985 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. pictus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. recifensis'' Levi, 1964 (Transferred to ''Neopisinus'') *''E. salobrensis'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. spinigeroides'' Zhu & Song, 1992 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. tanikawai'' Yoshida, 1991 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. taprobanicus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. yoshimurai'' Yoshida, 1983 (Transferred to ''Moneta'')

Nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

*''E. americanus'' Nicolet, 1849

References

Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille Theridiidae {{Theridiidae-stub

Species

See also

References