Manley & Associates was an independent

video game developer A video game developer is a broad term for a software developer specializing in video game development – the process and related disciplines of creating video games. A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large ...

founded in

1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...

, which developed over 70 titles for

video game publishers A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that have been developed either internally by the publisher or externally by a video game developer. They often finance the development, sometimes by paying a video game developer ( ...

, including

Electronic Arts Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded in May 1982 by Apple employee Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer game industry and promoted the d ...

Activision Activision Publishing, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in Santa Monica, California. It serves as the publishing business for its parent company, Activision Blizzard, and consists of several subsidiary studios. Activision is one o ...

Disney The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October ...

GameTek GameTek was an American video game publisher based in North Miami Beach, Florida known for publishing video game adaptations of game shows in the late 1980s and early 1990s. GameTek was a trade name for IJE, the owner of electronic publishing rig ...

, Publishing International, and Spectrum HoloByte. Many of the company's early titles were one or two person projects created in founder Ivan Manley's house, but eventually it grew to roughly 60 people working from an office park in

Issaquah, Washington Issaquah ( ) is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 40,051 at the 2020 census. Located in a valley and bisected by Interstate 90, the city is bordered by the Sammamish Plateau to the north and the "Issaquah Alp ...

. ''Hometown U.S.A.'' (Publishing International) won the Software Publishers' Association's award for the Best Creativity Program, Educational Category, 1988. In the mid-1990s, Manley & Associates did a number of ports for Electronic Arts and was subsequently acquired by EA in

1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...

. Explaining the decision to sell the company to EA, Ivan Manley said that in order to invest in newer technologies, Manley & Associates had to either become a publisher or merge with an established publisher. The studio was relocated to neighboring

Bellevue, Washington Bellevue ( ) is a city in the Eastside region of King County, Washington, United States, located across Lake Washington from Seattle. It is the third-largest city in the Seattle metropolitan area and has variously been characterized as a s ...

and renamed Electronic Arts Seattle. EA Seattle closed in 2002.

Games developed

Design & implementation

*'' Hometown U.S.A.'' (MS-DOS, Macintosh, Apple II, Apple IIGS, C64, Amiga, FMTowns) *''

Pharaoh's Revenge ''Pharaoh's Revenge'' is a puzzle-platform game developed by Ivan Manley and released by Publishing International in 1988 for the Apple II, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS. The game is similar in style to ''Lode Runner'' (1983). Gameplay ''Pharaoh's Rev ...

'' (Apple II, C64, MS-DOS) *''

The Third Courier ''The Third Courier'' is a 1989 video game developed by Manley & Associates and published by Accolade. Gameplay ''The Third Courier'' is a game set during Cold War Germany. Reception ''ACE (Advanced Computer Entertainment)'' reviewed the game in ...

'' *''

Home Alone ''Home Alone'' is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film directed by Chris Columbus and written and produced by John Hughes. The first film in the ''Home Alone'' franchise, the film stars Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Hear ...

'' (Amiga, MS-DOS) *'' Lost in New York'' (MS-DOS) *'' Are We There Yet?'' (MS-DOS) *'' Super Conflict'' (SNES) *'' The Wizard of Oz'' (SNES) *''

Pink Goes to Hollywood ''Pink Goes To Hollywood'' is a Pink Panther themed platform game published in 1993 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis by TecMagik. The two releases were developed independently by different companies: the Genesis vers ...

'' (SNES) *'' An American Tail: The Computer Adventures of Fievel and His Friends'' (MS-DOS) *''

DinoPark Tycoon ''DinoPark Tycoon'' is an educational game, educational business simulation game, business simulation video game developed by Manley & Associates and published by MECC in 1993 for MS-DOS and MacOS. Players run a theme park with dinosaurs as its mai ...

'' (MS-DOS, Macintosh, 3DO) *''

Wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly u ...

'' (MS-DOS) *'' King Arthur & the Knights of Justice'' (SNES) *''

Lion The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body; short, rounded head; round ears; and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphi ...

'' (MS-DOS)

Implementation only

*'' Paperboy 2'' (Game Gear), port *'' Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos'' (MS-DOS), port *'' WildSnake'' (SNES), designed externally *''

Xenocide ''Xenocide'' (1991) is a science fiction novel by American writer Orson Scott Card, the third book in the Ender's Game series. It was nominated for both the Hugo and Locus Awards for Best Novel in 1992. The title is a combination of ' xeno-', me ...

'' (MS-DOS), port

As EA Seattle

*'' The Need for Speed: Special Edition'' (1996, MS-DOS, Windows) *'' Need for Speed II: Special Edition'' (1997, Windows) *'' Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit'' (1998, Windows) *'' Need for Speed: High Stakes'' (1999, Windows) *''

Motor City Online ''Motor City Online'' was a racing massively multiplayer online video game released by Electronic Arts on October 29, 2001. The point of the game was to buy classic cars (mostly American muscle cars) ranging from 1930s to 1970s models, tune them u ...

'' (2001, Windows) *'' Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2'' (2002, Windows, Game Cube, Xbox)

References

Video game companies established in 1982 Video game companies disestablished in 1996 Defunct companies based in Washington (state) Electronic Arts Organizations based in Issaquah, Washington Defunct video game companies of the United States Video game development companies 1982 establishments in Washington (state) 1996 disestablishments in Washington (state) 1996 mergers and acquisitions {{US-videogame-company-stub