''Dufourea'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of mostly

foliose lichen Foliose lichen is one of the morphological classes of lichens, which are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. This partnership allows lichen to live in diverse ...

species in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family

Teloschistaceae The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation o ...

. Species in the genus are mostly found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus was originally

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

by Swedish lichenologist

Erik Acharius Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology." Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Life Acharius was born in ...

in Johann Albert Luyken's 1809 publication ''Tentamen historiae lichenum'', although he did not assign any species to the genus. The following year, Acharius included ''Dufourea'' in his influential work ''Lichenographia Universalis'' and included six species. Luyken had studied under Acharius in Sweden and had access to Acharius's work before it was published; because his text about the genus is a partial transcription of Acharius's work (and he acknowledged Acharius), Acharius is credited as the author of the name as well as the description. All six species that Acharius included in ''Dufourea'' are now classified in different genera. A

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

for the genus, '' Dufourea flammea'', was selected by

Giuseppe De Notaris Giuseppe De Notaris (18 April 1805, Milan – 22 January 1877) was an Italian botanist generally known for his work with cryptogams native to Italy. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia, obtaining his medical degree in 1830. Having deve ...

in 1846. The genus was resurrected for use in 2013 following a large-scale

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis of the family Teloschistaceae. ''Dufourea'' species are grouped in a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

with a

sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

relationship to genus ''

Xanthoria ''Xanthoria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. Common names include orange lichen, The generic name ''Dufourea'' honours French medical doctor and naturalist Léon Jean Marie (or Jean-Marie Léon) Dufour (1780–1865).

Description

''Dufourea'' lichens occur in the Southern Hemisphere, with several species from South Africa and Australia. Most species are

foliose Foliose lichen is one of the morphological classes of lichens, which are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. This partnership allows lichen to live in diverse ...

(bushy) and relatively large, and lack true

rhizine In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures, arising mostly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their ...

s, although some species have short rhizine-like structures.

Species

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...

accepts 18 species of ''Dufourea''. *'' Dufourea africana'' *'' Dufourea alexanderbaai'' *'' Dufourea angustata'' *'' Dufourea australis'' *'' Dufourea bonae-spei'' *'' Dufourea capensis'' *'' Dufourea dissectula'' *'' Dufourea doidgeae'' *'' Dufourea elixii'' *'' Dufourea filsonii'' *'' Dufourea flammea'' *'' Dufourea incavata'' *'' Dufourea inflata'' *'' Dufourea karrooensis'' *'' Dufourea ligulata'' *'' Dufourea marlothii'' *'' Dufourea ottolangei'' *'' Dufourea physcioides'' *'' Dufourea sipmanii'' *'' Dufourea streimannii'' *'' Dufourea turbinata'' *'' Dufourea volkmarwirthii'' Former species; * ''D. arctica'' = '' Dactylina arctica'',

Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 ...

family * ''D. ceratites'' = '' Siphula ceratites'',

Icmadophilaceae The Icmadophilaceae are a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being ...

* ''D. collodes'' = ''

Cladia aggregata ''Cladia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, '' Cladia aggregata'' ...

'',

Cladoniaceae The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (''Cladonia'') belong t ...

* ''D. flabellata'' = '' Bunodophoron flabellatum'',

Sphaerophoraceae The Sphaerophoraceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution, especially in southern temperate regions. Sphaerophoraceae was circumscribed by mycologist Elias Magnus Fri ...

* ''D. hirsuta'' = '' Langeottia hirsuta'', Teloschistaceae * ''D. inanis'' = '' Cenozosia inanis'',

Ramalinaceae The Ramalinaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family name is synonymous with the name ''Bacidiaceae''. Species of this family have a widespread distribution. Genera *'' Aciculopsora'' *''Adelolecia'' *''Arthr ...

* ''D. madreporiformis'' = ''

Allocetraria madreporiformis ''Allocetraria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. It consists of 12 species, with a center of distribution in China. Systematics The genus was circumscribed by Syo Kurokawa and Ming-Jou Lai in 1991, with three species ...

'', Parmeliaceae * ''D. mollusca'' = '' Combea mollusca'', Opegraphaceae * ''D. ryssolea'' = '' Xanthoparmelia ryssolea'', Parmeliaceae * ''D. tortuosa'' = '' Peltula tortuosa'', Peltulaceae

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27438927 Teloschistales Lichen genera Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 1809 Taxa named by Erik Acharius