Dryandra Verae
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''Dryandra'' subg. ''Dryandra'' is an obsolete
clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
of plant. It was a series within the former genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra''). The name was first published at sectional rank as ''Dryandra verae'' in 1830, before being renamed ''Eudryandra'' in 1847, the replaced by the autonym at subgenus rank in 1996. It was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk ''Dryandra'' into '' Banksia''.


Brown's ''Dryandra verae''

''Dryandra verae'' ("True Dryandra") was published by Brown in his 1830 ''
Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae ''Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae'' ("First supplement to the Prodromus of the flora of New Holland") is an 1830 supplement to Robert Brown's ''Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen''. It may be referred to ...
''. Brown's arrangement of ''Dryandra'' split a single species out into a separate genus, and divided the remaining ''Dryandra'' species into three groups according to what Brown perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. He allowed for these groups to be treated at subgenus or section rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections. ''Dryandra verae'' was defined as containing those species with a single seed separator per follicle. Its placement and circumscription may be summarised as follows: :''Dryandra'' (now ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra'') ::''Dryandra verae'' :::''D. floribunda'' (now '' B. sessilis'') :::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'') :::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata'') :::''D. Serra'' (now '' B. serra'') :::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna'') :::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata'') :::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa'') :::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa'') :::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata'') :::''D. Baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax'') :::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa'') :::''D. obtusa'' (now '' B. obtusa'') :::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis'') :::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea'') :::''D. Fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri'') :::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata'') :::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'') :::''D. tenuifolia'' (now '' B. tenuis'') :: ''D.'' sect. ''Diplophragma'' (1 species) :: ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma'' (4 species) :''
Hemiclidia ''Dryandra'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in ''Banksia''. Published at genus rank as ''Hemiclidia'' by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reins ...
'' (1 species)


Meissner's ''Eudryandra''

''Dryandra verae'' was renamed ''Eudryandra'' by
Stephan Endlicher Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher also known as Endlicher István László (24 June 1804, Bratislava (Pozsony) – 28 March 1849, Vienna) was an Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. He was a director of the Botanical Garden of Vienna. Bio ...
in 1847, and this name was used in the 1856 arrangement of Carl Meissner. Meissner retained all three of Brown's sections, and further divided ''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' in 8 subgroups of unstated rank designated by the
section sign The section sign, §, is a typographical character for referencing individually numbered sections of a document; it is frequently used when citing sections of a legal code. It is also known as the section symbol, section mark, double-s, or silc ...
("§").The placement and circumscription of ''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' in Meissner's arrangement thus looks like this: :''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'') ::''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' ::: ''D.'' § ''Ilicinæ'' (4 species, 2 varieties) ::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'') :::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''elongata'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''undata'') ::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'') ::::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'') ::::''D. floribunda'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'') :::::''D. floribunda'' var. ''cordata'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Runcinatæ'' (5 species) ::::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata'') ::::''D. carduacea'' (now ''B. squarrosa'' subsp. ''squarrosa'') ::::''D. runcinata'' (now ''B. r.'' subsp. ''rufa'') ::::''D. nobilis'' (now '' B. nobilis'') ::::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Serratæ'' (11 species, 3 varieties) ::::''D. stupposa'' (now '' B. stuposa'') ::::''D. serra'' (now '' B. serra'') ::::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata'') ::::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata'') ::::''D. mutica'' (now ''B. foliolata'') ::::''D. obtusa'' (now '' B. obtusa'') ::::''D. Baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax'') ::::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa'') ::::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea'') :::::''D. nivea'' var. ''venosa'' (now ''B. nivea'') :::::''D. nivea'' var. ''subevenia'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' var. ''dallanneyi'') ::::''D. brownii'' (now '' B. brunnea'') ::::''D. lindleyana'' (now '' B. dallanneyi'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Marginatæ'' (7 species) ::::''D. stenoprion'' (now '' B. stenoprion'') ::::''D. elegans'' (now ''B. tenuis'' var. ''tenuis'') ::::''D. pulchella'' (now '' B. bella'') ::::''D. Kippistiana'' (now '' B. kippistiana'') ::::''D. Shuttleworthiana'' (now '' B. shuttleworthiana'') ::::''D. sclerophylla'' (now '' B. sclerophylla'') ::::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Pectinatæ'' (6 species) ::::''D. serratuloides'' (now '' B. serratuloides'') ::::''D. nana'' (now '' B. nana'') ::::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis'') :::::''D. tortifolia'' (now '' B. tortifolia'') ::::''D. Fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri'') ::::''D. cirsioides'' (now '' B. cirsioides'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Decurrentes'' (11 species) ::::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'') ::::''D. horrida'' (now '' B. horrida'') ::::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna'') ::::''D. vestita'' (now '' B. vestita'') ::::''D. Hewardiana'' (now '' B. hewardiana'') ::::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata'') ::::''D. comosa'' (now '' B. comosa'') ::::''D. proteoides'' (now '' B. proteoides'') ::::''D. tenuifolia'' (now '' B. tenuis'') ::::''D. ferruginea'' (now '' B. rufa'') ::::''D. cryptocephala'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Acrodontæ'' (2 species) ::::''D. carlinoides'' (now '' B. carlinoides'') ::::''D. tridentata'' (now '' B. tridentata'') ::: ''D.'' § ''Haplophyllæ'' (1 species) ::::''D. speciosa'' (now '' B. splendida'') :: ''D.'' sect. ''Diplophragma'' (2 species) :: ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma'' (4 species, 4 varieties) :''
Hemiclidia ''Dryandra'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in ''Banksia''. Published at genus rank as ''Hemiclidia'' by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reins ...
'' (1 species)


Bentham's ''Eudryandra''

When George Bentham published his arrangement of ''Dryandra'' in his 1870 '' Flora Australiensis'', he retained ''D.'' sect. ''Eubanksia'', but discarded all eight of Meissner's groups within that section, replacing them with seven series defined using floral characters: :''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'') ::''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'' (7 species) ::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'') ::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'') ::::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'') ::::''D. falcata'' (now '' B. falcata'') ::::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata'') ::::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata'') ::::''D. Fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Floribundae'' (5 species, 2 varieties) ::::''D. floribunda'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'') :::::''D. floribunda'' var. ''major'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'') ::::''D. carduacea'' (now ''B. squarrosa'' subsp. ''squarrosa'') ::::''D. carlinoides'' (now '' B. carlinoides'') ::::''D. polycephala'' (now '' B. polycephala'') ::::''D. Kippistiana'' (now '' B. kippistiana'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Concinnae'' (4 species) ::::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa'') ::::''D. serra'' (now '' B. serra'') ::::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna'') ::::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Formosae'' (5 species) ::::''D. stupposa'' (now '' B. stuposa'') ::::''D. nobilis'' (now '' B. nobilis'') ::::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata'') ::::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa'') ::::''D. Baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Niveæ'' (4 species, 2 varieties) ::::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea'') ::::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis'') :::::''D. arctotidis'' var. ''tortifolia'' (now '' B. tortifolia'') ::::''D. nana'' (now '' B. nana'') ::::''D. Preissii'' (now '' B. acuminata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Obvallatae'' (12 species) ::::''D. sclerophylla'' (now '' B. sclerophylla'') ::::''D. pulchella'' (now '' B. bella'') ::::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa'') ::::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'') ::::''D. vestita'' (now '' B. vestita'') ::::''D. cirsioides'' (now '' B. cirsioides'') ::::''D. Hewardiana'' (now '' B. hewardiana'') ::::''D. patens'' (now ''B. hewardiana'') ::::''D. conferta'' (now '' B. densa'') ::::''D. horrida'' (now '' B. horrida'') ::::''D. serratuloides'' (now '' B. serratuloides'') ::::''D. comosa'' (now '' B. comosa'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Gymnocephalae'' (3 species) ::::''D. Shuttleworthiana'' (now '' B. shuttleworthiana'') ::::''D. speciosa'' (now '' B. splendida'') ::::''D. tridentata'' (now '' B. tridentata'') :: ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma'' (7 species, 2 varieties)


According to George

By the time
Alex George Alexander or Alex George may refer to: *Alex George (botanist) (born 1939), Australian botanist * Alexander L. George (1920–2006), American political scientist * Alexander George (philosopher), American philosopher *Alex George (motorcyclist), Sc ...
published his revision of ''Dryandra'' in 1996, the rules of
botanical nomenclature Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from Alpha taxonomy, taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the ...
mandated that any infrageneric taxon that contained the type species of the genus be given an autonym. Thus ''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' was treated as illegitimate, and when George published essentially the same taxon at subgenus rank, it was instead named ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra''. This was by far the largest of George's three subgenera, containing all but three ''Dryandra'' species. George further divided it into 24 series, reviving most of Meissner's and Bentham's names in the process. The placement and circumscription of ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra'' in George's arrangement, as amended in 1999 and 2005, may be summarised as follows: :''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'') ::''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra'' ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Floribundae'' ::::''D. sessilis'' (now '' B. sessilis'') :::::''D. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'') :::::''D. sessilis'' var. ''flabellifolia'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''flabellifolia'') :::::''D. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'') :::::''D. sessilis'' var. ''cygnorum'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cygnorum'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'' ::::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'') ::::''D. fuscobractea'' (now '' B. fuscobractea'') ::::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata'') :::::''D. armata'' var. ''armata'' (now ''B. armata'' var. ''armata'') :::::''D. armata'' var. ''ignicida'' (now ''B. armata'' var. ''ignicida'') ::::''D. prionotes'' (now '' B. prionophylla'' ::::''D. arborea'' (now '' B. arborea'') ::::''D. hirsuta'' (now '' B. hirta'') ::::''D. pallida'' (now '' B. pallida'') ::::''D. purdieana'' (now '' B. purdieana'') ::::''D. xylothemelia'' (now '' B. xylothemelia'') ::::''D. cirsioides'' (now '' B. cirsioides'') ::::''D. acanthopoda'' (now '' B. acanthopoda'') ::::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa'') :::::''D. squarrosa'' subsp. ''squarrosa'' (now ''B. squarrosa'' subsp. ''squarrosa'') :::::''D. squarrosa'' subsp. ''argillacea'' (now ''B. squarrosa'' subsp. ''argillacea'') ::::''D. hewardiana'' (now '' B. hewardiana'') ::::''D. wonganensis'' (now '' B. wonganensis'') ::::''D. trifontinalis'' (now '' B. trifontinalis'') ::::''D. stricta'' (now '' B. strictifolia'') ::::''D. echinata'' (now '' B. echinata'') ::::''D. polycephala'' (now '' B. polycephala'') ::::''D. subpinnatifida'' (now '' B. subpinnatifida'') :::::''D. subpinnatifida'' var. ''subpinnatifida'' (now ''B. subpinnatifida'' var. ''subpinnatifida'') :::::''D. subpinnatifida'' var. ''imberbis'' (now ''B. subpinnatifida'' var. ''imberbis'') ::::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata'') :::::''D. longifolia'' subsp. ''longifolia'' (now ''B. prolata'' subsp. ''prolata'') :::::''D. longifolia'' subsp. ''calcicola'' (now ''B. prolata'' subsp. ''calcicola'') :::::''D. longifolia'' subsp. ''archeos'' (now ''B. prolata'' subsp. ''archeos'') ::::''D. borealis'' (now '' B. borealis'') :::::''D. borealis'' subsp. ''borealis'' (now ''B. borealis'' subsp. ''borealis'') :::::''D. borealis'' subsp. ''elatior'' (now ''B. borealis'' subsp. ''elatior'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Marginatae'' ::::''D. pulchella'' (now '' B. bella'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Folliculosae'' ::::''D. fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri'') :::::''D. fraseri'' var. ''fraseri'' (now ''B. fraseri'' var. ''fraseri'') :::::''D. fraseri'' var. ''crebra'' (now ''B. fraseri'' var. ''crebra'') :::::''D. fraseri'' var. ''effusa'' (now ''B. fraseri'' var. ''effusa'') :::::''D. fraseri'' var. ''ashbyi'' (now ''B. fraseri'' var. ''ashbyi'') :::::''D. fraseri'' var. ''oxycedra'' (now ''B. fraseri'' var. ''oxycedra'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Acrodontae'' ::::''D. sclerophylla'' (now '' B. sclerophylla'') ::::''D. kippistiana'' (now '' B. kippistiana'') :::::''D. kippistiana'' var. ''kippistiana'' (now ''B. kippistiana'' var. ''kippistiana'') :::::''D. kippistiana'' var. ''paenepeccata'' (now ''B. kippistiana'' var. ''paenepeccata'') ::::''D. carlinoides'' (now '' B. carlinoides'') ::::''D. tridentata'' (now '' B. tridentata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Capitellatae'' ::::''D. serratuloides'' (now '' B. serratuloides'') :::::''D. serratuloides'' subsp. ''serratuloides'' (now ''B. serratuloides'' subsp. ''serratuloides'') :::::''D. serratuloides'' subsp. ''perissa'' (now ''B. serratuloides'' subsp. ''perissa'') ::::''D. meganotia'' (now '' B. meganotia'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Ilicinae'' ::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'') :::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''praemorsa'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''undata'') :::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''splendens'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''splendens'') ::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'') ::::''D. anatona'' (now '' B. anatona'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Dryandra'' ::::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa'') ::::''D. nobilis'' (now '' B. nobilis'') :::::''D. nobilis'' subsp. ''nobilis'' (now ''B. nobilis'' subsp. ''nobilis'') :::::''D. nobilis'' subsp. ''fragrans'' (now ''B. nobilis'' subsp. ''fragrans'') ::::''D. stuposa'' (now '' B. stuposa'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Foliosae'' ::::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata'') :::::''D. mucronulata'' subsp. ''mucronulata'' (now ''B. mucronulata'' subsp. ''mucronulata'') :::::''D. mucronulata'' subsp. ''retrorsa'' (now ''B. mucronulata'' subsp. ''retrorsa'') ::::''D. baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax'') ::::''D. foliosissima'' (now '' B. foliosissima'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Decurrentes'' ::::''D. comosa'' (now '' B. comosa'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Tenuifoliae'' ::::''D. tenuifolia'' (now '' B. tenuis'') :::::''D. tenuifolia'' var. ''tenuifolia'' (now ''B. tenuis'' var. ''tenuis'') :::::''D. tenuifolia'' var. ''reptans'' (now ''B. tenuis'' var. ''reptans'') ::::''D. obtusa'' (now '' B. obtusa'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Runcinatae'' ::::''D. ferruginea'' (now '' B. rufa'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''magma'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''magma'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''tutanningensis'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''tutanningensis'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''ferruginea'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''rufa'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''pumila'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''pumila'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''obliquiloba'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''obliquiloba'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''chelomacarpa'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''chelomacarpa'') :::::''D. ferruginea'' subsp. ''flavescens'' (now ''B. rufa'' subsp. ''flavescens'') ::::''D. corvijuga'' (now '' B. corvijuga'') ::::''D. epimicta'' (now '' B. epimicta'') ::::''D. proteoides'' (now '' B. proteoides'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Triangulares'' ::::''D. drummondii'' (now '' B. drummondii'') :::::''D. drummondii'' subsp. ''drummondii'' (now ''B. drummondii'' subsp. ''drummondii'') :::::''D. drummondii'' subsp. ''hiemalis'' (now ''B. drummondii'' subsp. ''hiemalis'') :::::''D. drummondii'' subsp. ''macrorufa'' (now ''B. drummondii'' subsp. ''macrorufa'') ::::''D. octotriginta'' (now '' B. octotriginta'') ::::''D. catoglypta'' (now '' B. catoglypta'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Aphragma'' ::::''D. pteridifolia'' (now '' B. pteridifolia'') :::::''D. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''inretita'' (now ''B. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''inretita'') :::::''D. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''pteridifolia'' (now ''B. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''pteridifolia'') :::::''D. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''vernalis'' (now ''B. pteridifolia'' subsp. ''vernalis'') ::::''D. fililoba'' (now '' B. fililoba'') ::::''D. shanklandiorum'' (now '' B. shanklandiorum'') ::::''D. nervosa'' (now '' B. alliacea'') ::::''D. blechnifolia'' (now '' B. pellaeifolia'') ::::''D. porrecta'' (now '' B. porrecta'') ::::''D. aurantia'' (now '' B. aurantia'') ::::''D. calophylla'' (now '' B. calophylla'') ::::''D. lepidorhiza'' (now '' B. lepidorhiza'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Ionthocarpae'' ::::''D. ionthocarpa'' (now '' B. ionthocarpa'') :::::''D. ionthocarpa'' subsp. ''ionthocarpa'' (now ''B. ionthocarpa'' subsp. ''ionthocarpa'') :::::''D. ionthocarpa'' subsp. ''chrysophoenix'' (now ''B. ionthocarpa'' subsp. ''chrysophoenix'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Inusitatae'' ::::''D. idiogenes'' (now '' B. idiogenes'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Subulatae'' ::::''D. subulata'' (now '' B. subulata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Gymnocephalae'' ::::''D. cynaroides'' (now '' B. cynaroides'') ::::''D. erythrocephala'' (now '' B. erythrocephala'') :::::''D. erythrocephala'' var. ''erythrocephala'' (now ''B. erythrocephala'' var. ''erythrocephala'') :::::''D. erythrocephala'' var. ''inopinata'' (now ''B. erythrocephala'' var. ''inopinata'') ::::''D. horrida'' (now '' B. horrida'') ::::''D. vestita'' (now '' B. vestita'') ::::''D. viscida'' (now '' B. viscida'') ::::''D. mimica'' (now '' B. mimica'') ::::''D. speciosa'' (now '' B. splendida'') :::::''D. speciosa'' subsp. ''speciosa'' (now ''B. speciosa'' subsp. ''splendida'') :::::''D. speciosa'' subsp. ''macrocarpa'' (now ''B. speciosa'' subsp. ''macrocarpa'') ::::''D. shuttleworthiana'' (now '' B. shuttleworthiana'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Plumosae'' ::::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa'') :::::''D. plumosa'' subsp. ''plumosa'' (now ''B. plumosa'' subsp. ''plumosa'') :::::''D. plumosa'' subsp. ''denticulata'' (now ''B. plumosa'' subsp. ''denticulata'') ::::''D. pseudoplumosa'' (now '' B. pseudoplumosa'') ::::''D. montana'' (now '' B. montana'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Concinnae'' ::::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna'') ::::''D. serra'' (now '' B. serra'') ::::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Obvallatae'' ::::''D. fasciculata'' (now '' B. fasciculata'') ::::''D. conferta'' (now '' B. densa'') :::::''D. conferta'' var. ''conferta'' (now ''B. densa'' var. ''densa'') :::::''D. conferta'' var. ''parva'' (now ''B. densa'' var. ''parva'') ::::''D. columnaris'' (now '' B. columnaris'') ::::''D. platycarpa'' (now '' B. platycarpa'') ::::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'') ::::''D. rufistylis'' (now '' B. rufistylis'') ::::''D. insulanemorecincta'' (now '' B. insulanemorecincta'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Pectinatae'' ::::''D. nana'' (now '' B. nana'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Acuminatae'' ::::''D. preissii'' (now '' B. acuminata'') ::: ''D.'' ser. ''Niveae'' ::::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis'') ::::''D. tortifolia'' (now '' B. tortifolia'') ::::''D. stenoprion'' (now '' B. stenoprion'') ::::''D. cypholoba'' (now '' B. cypholoba'') ::::''D. lindleyana'' (now '' B. dallanneyi'') :::::''D. lindleyana'' subsp. ''lindleyana'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' subsp. ''dallanneyi'') :::::''D. lindleyana'' subsp. ''pollosta'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' subsp. ''pollosta'') :::::''D. lindleyana'' subsp. ''media'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' subsp. ''media'') :::::''D. lindleyana'' subsp. ''agricola'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' subsp. ''agricola'') :::::''D. lindleyana'' subsp. ''sylvestris'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' subsp. ''sylvestris'') ::::''D. brownii'' (now '' B. brunnea'') ::::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea'') :::::''D. nivea'' subsp. ''nivea'' (now ''B. nivea'' subsp. ''nivea'') :::::''D. nivea'' subsp. ''uliginosa'' (now ''B. nivea'' subsp. ''uliginosa'') :: ''D.'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' (2 species) :: ''D.'' subg. ''Diplophragma'' (1 species)


Recent developments

Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of
DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...
data for the subtribe
Banksiinae ''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. ''Banksias'' range i ...
. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the
paraphyly In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
of '' Banksia'' with respect to ''
Dryandra ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'' is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus ''Banksia''. It was considered a separate genus named ''Dryandra'' until early 2007, when it was merged into ''Banksia'' on the basis of extensiv ...
''; that is, it seems that ''Dryandra'' arose from within the ranks of ''Banksia''. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of ''Banksia'' by sinking ''Dryandra'' into it as ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra''. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of ''Dryandra''; thus ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra'' is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once
DNA sampling DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The ...
of ''Dryandra'' is complete.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dryandra subg. Dryandra * subg. Dryandra Historically recognized angiosperm taxa Plant subgenera