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Dryandra Sect. Aphragma
''Dryandra'' ser. ''Aphragma'' is an obsolete series within the former genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra''). It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series. It was discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank ''Dryandra'' into ''Banksia''. According to Brown ''Aphragma'' was first published by Brown in his 1830 '' Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae''. Brown's arrangement divided ''Dryandra'' into three groups according to what Brown perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. He allowed for these groups to be treated at subgenus or section rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections. ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma'' was defined as containing four species which Brown thought lacked seed separators. The epithet ''Aphragma'' is from the Greek ''a-'' ("without") and ''phragma'' ("barrier"). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryandra Nervosa From Flora Australasica
''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'' is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus ''Banksia''. It was considered a separate genus named ''Dryandra'' until early 2007, when it was merged into ''Banksia'' on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that ''Banksia'' was paraphyletic with respect to ''Dryandra''. Taxonomy The dryandras were named in honour of Swedish botanist Jonas C. Dryander. The first specimens of a ''Dryandra'' were collected by Archibald Menzies, surgeon and naturalist to the Vancouver Expedition. At the request of Joseph Banks, Menzies collected natural history specimens wherever possible during the voyage. During September and October 1791, while the expedition were anchored at King George Sound, he collected numerous plant specimens, including the first specimens of '' B. sessilis'' (Parrotbush) and '' B. pellaeifolia''. Upon Menzies' return to England, he turned his specimens over to Banks; as with most other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiclidia
''Dryandra'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in ''Banksia''. Published at genus rank as ''Hemiclidia'' by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996. In 2007, all ''Dryandra'' species were transferred into ''Banksia'' at series rank, and the infrageneric ''Dryandra'' taxa, including ''D.'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'', were set aside. According to Brown In 1810, Robert Brown published the genus ''Dryandra'' in his ''On the Proteaceae of Jussieu''. Thirteen species were published, including ''Dryandra falcata'' (now '' Banksia falcata''), but no infrageneric arrangement was proffered. Twenty years later, Brown published a further eleven species and the first infrageneric arrangement in his '' Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae''. By this time, Brown had observed the tendency in ''D. falcata'' for one of the two ovules i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksia Rufa
''Banksia rufa'' is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles. Description ''Banksia rufa'' is a shrub, either prostrate or growing to a height of and sometimes forming a lignotuber. The stems are short, highly branched and woolly-hairy. The leaves are broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, long and wide on a petiole up to long. There are between five and twenty sharply-pointed, linear or triangular lobes on each side of the leaves. The flowers are creamy yellow to orange or brownish and are arranged heads of between 40 and 115 with egg-shaped to oblong involucral bracts long at the base of the head. The perianth is long and the pistil long and gently curved. Flowering occurs from July to September and the follicles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksia Proteoides
''Banksia proteoides'', commonly known as king dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as ''Dryandra proteoides'' until 2007, when all ''Dryandra'' species were transferred to ''Banksia'' by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. Description It is a dense, bushy shrub, without a lignotuber, that reaches up to two metres high. Leaves are linear, 20 to 26 centimetres long and 10 to 20 millimetres long, with a pointed tip and serrated margins. Inflorescence are yellow-brown, but concealed within the long red-brown outer bracts, making the flower head resemble that of a ''Protea''. Taxonomy Specimens of ''B. proteoides'' were first collected in the 1830s by James Drummond from the vicinity of the Swan River Colony. The species was published under the name ''Dryandra proteoides'' by John Lindley in his 1840 '' A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony'', where he described it as having "much the look of a Cape Protea". Lindley did not specify his ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksia Tenuis
''Banksia tenuis'' is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles. Description ''Banksia tenuis'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of or is a mat-like shrub spreading to wide, but it does not form a lignotuber. The leaves are linear in outline, long and wide on a petiole up to long. The leaves are curved or bent, sometimes pinnatifid or serrated with up to twenty teeth on each side, or with smooth edges. The flowers are golden brown and cream-coloured and arranged in heads of between forty-five and sixty-five with reddish brown, egg-shaped to oblong involucral bracts long at the base of the head. The perianth is long and the pistil long. Flowering occurs from March to July and the fruit is a glabrous, egg-shaped follicle long. Taxonomy and naming This species was first f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryandra Pteridifolia-7
''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'' is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus ''Banksia''. It was considered a separate genus named ''Dryandra'' until early 2007, when it was merged into ''Banksia'' on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that ''Banksia'' was paraphyletic with respect to ''Dryandra''. Taxonomy The dryandras were named in honour of Swedish botanist Jonas C. Dryander. The first specimens of a ''Dryandra'' were collected by Archibald Menzies, surgeon and naturalist to the Vancouver Expedition. At the request of Joseph Banks, Menzies collected natural history specimens wherever possible during the voyage. During September and October 1791, while the expedition were anchored at King George Sound, he collected numerous plant specimens, including the first specimens of '' B. sessilis'' (Parrotbush) and '' B. pellaeifolia''. Upon Menzies' return to England, he turned his specimens over to Banks; as with most other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Australiensis
''Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian Territory'', more commonly referred to as ''Flora Australiensis'', and also known by its standard abbreviation ''Fl. Austral.'', is a seven-volume flora of Australia published between 1863 and 1878 by George Bentham, with the assistance of Ferdinand von Mueller. It was one of the famous Kew series of colonial floras, and the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished. In total the flora included descriptions of 8125 species.Orchard, A. E. 1999. Introduction. In A. E. Orchard, ed. ''Flora of Australia - Volume 1'', 2nd edition pp 1-9. Australian Biological Resources Study Bentham prepared the flora from Kew; with Mueller, the first plant taxonomist residing permanently in Australia, loaning the entire collection of the National Herbarium of Victoria to Bentham over the course of several years. Mueller had been dissuaded from preparing a flora from Australia while in Australia by Bentham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Involucral Bract
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of a different color, shape, or texture. Typically, they also look different from the parts of the flower, such as the petals or sepals. A plant having bracts is referred to as bracteate or bracteolate, while one that lacks them is referred to as ebracteate and ebracteolate, without bracts. Variants Some bracts are brightly-coloured and serve the function of attracting pollinators, either together with the perianth or instead of it. Examples of this type of bract include those of '' Euphorbia pulcherrima'' (poinsettia) and ''Bougainvillea'': both of these have large colourful bracts surrounding much smaller, less colourful flowers. In grasses, each floret (flower) is enclosed in a pair of papery bracts, called the lemma (lower bract) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bentham's Taxonomic Arrangement Of Dryandra
George Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of ''Dryandra'' (now ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra'') was published in 1870, in Volume 5 of Bentham's ''Flora Australiensis''. It replaced the 1856 arrangement of Carl Meissner, and stood for over a century before being replaced by the 1996 arrangement of Alex George. Background The dryandras are a group of proteaceous shrubs endemic to southwest Western Australia. For nearly two hundred years they were considered a separate genus, having been published at that rank in 1810 by Robert Brown. In 2007 it was transferred into the genus ''Banksia'' as ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra''. There are now just under 100 species, plus numerous subspecies and varieties. The first infrageneric arrangement of ''Dryandra'' was Brown's 1810 arrangement, which listed 13 species, but did not attempt an infrageneric classification. Twenty years later, Brown published a revised arrangement which divided 23 recognised species in three subgenera, and placed one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Bentham
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studied law, but had a fascination with botany from an early age, which he soon pursued, becoming president of the Linnaean Society in 1861, and a fellow of the Royal Society in 1862. He was the author of a number of important botanical works, particularly flora. He is best known for his taxonomic classification of plants in collaboration with Joseph Dalton Hooker, his ''Genera Plantarum'' (1862–1883). He died in London in 1884. Life Bentham was born in Stoke, Plymouth, on 22 September 1800.Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Bentham (George) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. () His father, Sir Samuel Bentham, a naval architect, was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksia Drummondii Subsp
''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. ''Banksias'' range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. They are found in a wide variety of landscapes: sclerophyll forest, (occasionally) rainforest, shrubland, and some more arid landscapes, though not in Australia's deserts. Heavy producers of nectar, ''banksias'' are a vital part of the food chain in the Australian bush. They are an important food source for nectarivorous animals, including birds, bats, rats, possums, stingless bees and a host of invertebrates. Further, they are of economic importance to Australia's nursery and cut flower industries. However, these plants are threatened by a number of processes including land clearing, frequent burning and disease, and a number of species are rare and endangered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
''Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis'' (1824–1873), also known by its standard botanical abbreviation ''Prodr. (DC.)'', is a 17-volume treatise on botany initiated by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. De Candolle intended it as a summary of all known seed plants, encompassing taxonomy, ecology, evolution and biogeography. He authored seven volumes between 1824 and 1839, but died in 1841. His son, Alphonse de Candolle, then took up the work, editing a further ten volumes, with contributions from a range of authors. Volume 17 was published in October 1873. The fourth and final part of the index came out in 1874. The ''Prodromus'' remained incomplete, dealing only with dicotyledons. In the ''Prodromus'', De Candolle further developed his concept of families. Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. Here, a family is indicated as "ordo". Terminations for families were not what they are now. Neithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
