dot (diacritic)

When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the ''interpunct'' ( · ), or to the glyphs "combining dot above" ( ◌̇ ) and "combining dot below" ( ◌̣ )
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese.

Dots

Overdot

Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark:

* In some forms of Arabic romanization, stands for '' ghayin'' (غ); stands for qāf (ق).
* The Latin orthography for Chechen includes ċ, ç̇, ġ, q̇, and ẋ.
* In Emilian-Romagnol, ''ṅ ṡ ż'' are used to represent .
* Traditional Irish typography, where the dot denotes lenition, and is called a or "dot of lenition": ''ḃ ċ ḋ ḟ ġ ṁ ṗ ṡ ṫ''. Alternatively, lenition may be represented by a following letter ''h'', thus: ''bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th''. In Old Irish orthography, the dot was used only for ''ḟ ṡ'', while the following ''h'' was used for ''ch ph th''; lenition of other letters was not indicated. Later the two systems spread to the entire set of lenitable consonants and competed with each other. Eventually the standard practice was to use the dot when writing in Gaelic script and the following ''h'' when writing in antiqua. Thus ''ċ'' and ''ch'' represent the same phonetic element in Modern Irish.
* lt, ė is pronounced as , as opposed to ''ę'', which is pronounced a lower (formerly nasalised), or ''e'', pronounced .
* Livonian uses ȯ as one of its eight vowels.
* mt, ċ is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate, ''ġ'' for a voiced palato-alveolar affricate, and ''ż'' for a voiced alveolar sibilant.
* Middle English: ''ẏ'' was sometimes used to distinguish etymological ''y'' from the glyph's use as a replacement for '' þ'', which did not exist in early press typographies.
* Old English: In modernized orthography, ''ċ'' is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate , ''ġ'' for a palatal approximant (probably a voiced palatal fricative in the earliest texts), and (more rarely) ''sċ'' for a voiceless palato-alveolar fricative and ''cġ'' for a voiced palato-alveolar affricate .
* pl, ż is used for a voiced retroflex sibilant .
* The Sioux languages such as Lakota, Osage, and Crow sometimes use the dot above to indicate ejective stops.
* In the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics orthography for the Cree, Ojibwe, and Inuktitut languages, a dot above a symbol signifies that the symbol's vowel should be a long vowel—the equivalent effect using the Roman orthography is achieved by doubling the vowel (ᒥ = mi, ᒦ = mii ), placing a macron over the vowel (ᑲ = ka, ᑳ = kā), or placing a circumflex over the vowel (ᓄ = no, ᓅ = nô).
* In Turkish, the dot above lowercase '' i'' and '' j'' (and uppercase '' İ'') is not regarded as an independent diacritic but as an integral part of the letter. It is called a tittle. I without an overdot is a separate letter.
* In the Rheinische Dokumenta phonetic writing system overdots denote a special pronunciation of ''r''.
* The Ulithian alphabet includes ȧ, ė, and ȯ.
* The ISO 9 (1968) Romanization of Cyrillic uses ''ė'', ''ḟ'', and ''ẏ''.
* In the ISO 259 Romanization of Hebrew, the overdot is used to transcribe the dagesh: ; transcribes the shuruk.
* In IAST and National Library at Calcutta romanization transcribing languages of India, ''ṅ'' is used to represent .
* UNGEGN romanization of Urdu