Dolní Dvořiště () is a municipality and village in Český Krumlov District in the

South Bohemian Region The South Bohemian Region () is an administrative unit (''Regions of the Czech Republic, kraj'') of the Czech Republic, located mostly in the southern part of its historical land of Bohemia, with a small part in southwestern Moravia. The western ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

Administrative division

Dolní Dvořiště consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Dolní Dvořiště (807) *Budákov (1) *Jenín (17) *Rybník (63) *Rychnov nad Malší (231) *Tichá (78) *Trojany (94) *Všeměřice (11)

Etymology

The German name ''Haid'' means 'pine forest'. The Latin name ''Merica'', which appears in the oldest documents, is a translation of the German name. From the 14th century, the Czech name Dvořiště appears (derived from the word ''dvůr'', i.e. 'court'). The attribute ''Dolní'' in Czech and ''Unter-'' in German means 'lower' and served to distinguish it from the nearby village with the same name.

Geography

Dolní Dvořiště is located about southeast of Český Krumlov and south of

České Budějovice České Budějovice (; ) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše. České Budějovice is the largest ...

, on the border with

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

. The municipal territory lies mostly in the Gratzen Foothills, but it also extends to the Bohemian Forest Foothills in the west and to the Gratzen Mountains in the east. The highest point is the mountain Žibřidovský vrch at above sea level. The Malše River forms part of the Czech-Austrian border and then flows across the municipal territory. There are several fishponds in the territory.

History

The first written mention of Dolní Dvořiště is from 1279, when it was a hamlet on a trade route from

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...

Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg (state), Salzbur ...

. Until the late 1360s, the village was probably part of the Pořešín estate, then it became property of the Rosenberg family and was promoted to a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

. After the

Battle of White Mountain The Battle of White Mountain (; ) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War. It led to the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt and ensured Habsburg control for the next three hundred years. It was fought on 8 November 16 ...

, General Charles Bonaventure, Count of Bucquoy acquired Dolní Dvořiště. His family owned it until the establishment of a sovereign municipality in 1848.

Demographics

Transport

Dolní Dvořiště is situated at the I/3 road (part of the European route E55), which is one of the most important links between the Czech Republic and Austria. The construction of the D3 motorway is planned, connecting the municipality with

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

and České Budějovice. In addition to four pedestrian border crossings with Austria, the ''Dolní Dvořiště / Wullowitz'' road border crossing is located in the municipality. In Rybník is a railway station on the main line

–

Linz Linz (Pronunciation: , ; ) is the capital of Upper Austria and List of cities and towns in Austria, third-largest city in Austria. Located on the river Danube, the city is in the far north of Austria, south of the border with the Czech Repub ...

. In addition, the local line to Lipno nad Vltavou starts here.

Sights

The most important monument is the Church of Saint Giles. It was built in the Gothic style in the 1480s.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dolni Dvoriste Villages in Český Krumlov District Bohemian Forest