Diseases Of The Eye
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human eye The human eye is a sensory organ, part of the sensory nervous system, that reacts to visible light and allows humans to use visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm. ...
diseases and disorders. The
World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...
publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally used diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is the directing and coordinating ...
, or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.


H00-H06 Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit

* (H02.1) Ectropion * (H02.2)
Lagophthalmos Lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids completely. Cline D; Hofstetter HW; Griffin JR. ''Dictionary of Visual Science''. 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston 1997. Blinking covers the eye with a thin layer of tear fluid, thereby p ...
* (H02.3)
Blepharochalasis Blepharochalasis is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over ...
* (H02.4) Ptosis * (H02.5) Stye, an acne type infection of the sebaceous glands on or near the eyelid. * (H02.6) Xanthelasma of eyelid * (H03.0*) Parasitic infestation of eyelid in diseases classified elsewhere **
Dermatitis Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can v ...
of eyelid due to Demodex species ( B88.0+ ) ** Parasitic infestation of eyelid in: ***
leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by parasites of the trypanosome genus ''Leishmania''. It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, ''Phlebotomus'' and ''Lutzomyia'', and occurs most freq ...
( B55.-+ ) ***
loiasis ''Loa loa'' filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm ''Loa loa''. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a deer fly or mango fly (''Chrysops'' spp.), the vectors for ''Loa loa''. The adult ''Loa loa'' filarial ...
( B74.3+ ) ***
onchocerciasis Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm ''Onchocerca volvulus''. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second-most common cause of blindne ...
( B73+ ) ***
phthiriasis Pediculosis pubis (also known as "crabs" and "pubic lice") is an infestation by the pubic louse, ''Pthirus pubis'', a wingless insect which feeds on blood and lays its eggs (nits) on mainly pubic hair. Less commonly, hair near the anus, armpit ...
( B85.3+ ) * (H03.1*) Involvement of eyelid in other infectious diseases classified elsewhere ** Involvement of eyelid in: *** herpesviral ( herpes simplex) infection ( B00.5+ ) ***
leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...
( A30.-+ ) *** molluscum contagiosum ( B08.1+ ) ***
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
( A18.4+ ) ***
yaws Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones, and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium ''Treponema pallidum pertenue''. The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, in diameter. The center may break open and form an ulce ...
( A66.-+ ) *** zoster ( B02.3+ ) * (H03.8*) Involvement of eyelid in other diseases classified elsewhere ** Involvement of eyelid in impetigo ( L01.0+ ) * (H04.0) Dacryoadenitis * (H04.2) Epiphora * (H06.2*) Dysthyroid exophthalmos it is shown that if your eye comes out that it will shrink because the optic fluids drain out


H10-H13 Disorders of conjunctiva

* (H10.0)
Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva, outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
of the
conjunctiva The conjunctiva is a thin mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, stratified columnar epithelium ...
commonly due to an
infection An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable dise ...
or an
allergic reaction Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic derma ...
* (H11.129) Conjunctival concretion - development of hard deposits under the eyelid


H15-H22 Disorders of sclera, cornea, iris and ciliary body

* (H15.0)
Scleritis Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or ...
— a painful inflammation of the
sclera The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the human eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. In humans, and som ...
* (H16)
Keratitis Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed. The condition is often marked by moderate to intense pain and usually involves any of the following symptoms: pain, impaired e ...
— inflammation of the
cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power ...
* (H16.0) Corneal ulcer / Corneal abrasion — loss of the surface
epithelial layer Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellula ...
of the eye's cornea * (H16.1) Snow blindness /
Arc eye Photokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) ...
— a painful condition caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to bright light * (H16.1) Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy * (H16.4)
Corneal neovascularization Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is the in-growth of new blood vessels from the pericorneal plexus into avascular corneal tissue as a result of oxygen deprivation. Maintaining avascularity of the corneal stroma is an important aspect of corneal ...
* (H18.5)
Fuchs' dystrophy Fuchs dystrophy, also referred to as Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), is a slowly progressing corneal dystrophy that usually affects both eyes and is slightly more common in women than in men. Althou ...
— cloudy morning vision * (H18.6)
Keratoconus Keratoconus (KC) is a disorder of the eye that results in progressive thinning of the cornea. This may result in blurry vision, double vision, nearsightedness, irregular astigmatism, and light sensitivity leading to poor quality-of-life. Usu ...
— degenerative disease: the cornea thins and changes shape to be more like a cone than a parabole * (H19.3) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eyes * (H20.0) Iritis — inflammation of the iris * (H20.0, H44.1) Uveitis — inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye; Sympathetic ophthalmia is a subset.


H25-H28 Disorders of lens

* (H25) Cataract — the lens becomes opaque * (H26)
Myopia Near-sightedness, also known as myopia and short-sightedness, is an eye disease where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. As a result, distant objects appear blurry while close objects appear normal. Other symptoms may include ...
- close object appears clearly , but far ones doesn't * (H27) Hypermetropia - Nearby objects appears blurry * (H28) Presbyopia - inability to focus on nearby objects


H30-H36 Disorders of choroid and retina


H30 Chorioretinal inflammation

(H30)
Chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
* (H30.0) Focal
chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
** Focal: *** chorioretinitis ***
choroiditis Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is termed choroiditis. The ophthalm ...
*** retinitis *** retinochoroiditis * (H30.1) Disseminated
chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
** Disseminated: *** chorioretinitis *** choroiditis *** retinitis *** retinochoroiditis ::*Excludes: exudative retinopathy (H35.0) * (H30.2) Posterior cyclitis **
Pars planitis Intermediate uveitis is a form of uveitis localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina. Primary sites of inflammation include the vitreous of which other such entities as pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis are encompassed. Intermedi ...
* (H30.8) Other
chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
s ** Harada's disease * (H30.9)
Chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
, unspecified ** Chorioretinitis ** Choroiditis ** Retinitis ** Retinochoroiditis


H31 Other disorders of choroid

(H31) Other disorders of
choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
* (H31.0)
Chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
scars A scar (or scar tissue) is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars result from the biological process of wound repair in the skin, as well as in other organs, and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natu ...
**
Macula The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avas ...
scars A scar (or scar tissue) is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars result from the biological process of wound repair in the skin, as well as in other organs, and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natu ...
of posterior pole (post inflammatory) (post- traumatic) **
Solar retinopathy Solar may refer to: Astronomy * Of or relating to the Sun ** Solar telescope, a special purpose telescope used to observe the Sun ** A device that utilizes solar energy (e.g. "solar panels") ** Solar calendar, a calendar whose dates indicate t ...
* (H31.1) Choroidal degeneration **
Atrophy Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply t ...
** Sclerosis *** Excludes: angioid streaks (H35.3) * (H31.2) Hereditary choroidal
dystrophy Dystrophy is the degeneration of tissue, due to disease or malnutrition, most likely due to heredity. Types * Muscular dystrophy ** Duchenne muscular dystrophy ** Becker's muscular dystrophy ** Myotonic dystrophy * Reflex neurovascular dystrop ...
** Choroideremia ** Dystrophy, choroidal (central
areolar Loose connective tissue, sometimes called areolar tissue, is a cellular connective tissue with thin and relatively sparse collagen fibers. Its ground substance occupies more volume than the fibers do. It has a viscous to gel-like consistenc ...
) (generalized) ( peripapillary) **
Gyrate atrophy Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency (also known as gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina) is an inborn error of ornithine metabolism, caused by decreased activity of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase. Biochemically, it can be detected by ...
,
choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
*** Excludes: ornithinaemia ( E72.4 ) * (H31.3) Choroidal haemorrhage and rupture ** Choroidal haemorrhage: *** NOS (
Not Otherwise Specified In medicine, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) is a subcategory in systems of disease/disorder classification such as ICD-9, ICD-10, or DSM-IV. It is generally used to note the presence of an illness where the symptoms presented were sufficient to ma ...
) *** expulsive * (H31.4) Choroidal detachment * (H31.8) Other specified disordes of
choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
* (H31.9) Disorder of
choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
, unspecified


H32 Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

(H32)
Chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
disorders in diseases classified elsewhere * (H32.0)
Chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
inflammation Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere ** Chorioretinitis: ***
syphilitic Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and ...
, late ( A52.7+ ) ***
toxoplasma ''Toxoplasma gondii'' () is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan (specifically an apicomplexan) that causes toxoplasmosis. Found worldwide, ''T. gondii'' is capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals, but felids, such as d ...
( B58.0+ ) ***
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
( A18.5+ ) * (H32.8) Other
chorioretinal The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
disorders in diseases classified elsewhere


H33 Retinal detachments and breaks

* (H33)
Retinal detachment Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blin ...
— the
retina The retina (from la, rete "net") is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then ...
detaches from the
choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...
, leading to blurred and distorted vision * (H33.1)
Retinoschisis Retinoschisis is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer. Retinoschisis can be divided into degenerative forms which are very common and almost exclusively i ...
— the retina separates into several layers and may detach


H34 Retinal vascular occlusions

A retinal vessel occlusion is a blockage in the blood vessel at the back of your eye that can result in sight loss.


H35 Other retinal disorders

* (H35.0)
Hypertensive retinopathy Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina and retinal circulation due to high blood pressure (i.e. hypertension). Signs and symptoms Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy have no symptoms. However, some may report decreased or blurred ...
— burst blood vessels, due to long-term high blood pressure ** (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathy — damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness * (H35.0-H35.2) Retinopathy — general term referring to non-inflammatory damage to the retina * (H35.1)
Retinopathy of prematurity Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), also called retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) and Terry syndrome, is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies generally having received neonatal intensive care, in which oxygen therapy is used due to ...
— scarring and retinal detachment in premature babies * (H35.3)
Age-related macular degeneration Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. Early on there are often no symptoms. Over time, however, som ...
— the photosensitive cells in the
macula The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avas ...
malfunction and over time cease to work * (H35.3)
Macular degeneration Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. Early on there are often no symptoms. Over time, however, som ...
— loss of central vision, due to macular degeneration ** Bull's Eye Maculopathy * (H35.3) Epiretinal membrane — a transparent layer forms and tightens over the retina * (H35.4)
Peripheral A peripheral or peripheral device is an auxiliary device used to put information into and get information out of a computer. The term ''peripheral device'' refers to all hardware components that are attached to a computer and are controlled by the ...
retinal degeneration * (H35.5)
Hereditary Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic inform ...
retinal
dystrophy Dystrophy is the degeneration of tissue, due to disease or malnutrition, most likely due to heredity. Types * Muscular dystrophy ** Duchenne muscular dystrophy ** Becker's muscular dystrophy ** Myotonic dystrophy * Reflex neurovascular dystrop ...
* (H35.5) Retinitis pigmentosa — genetic disorder; tunnel vision preceded by night-blindness * (H35.6)
Retinal haemorrhage Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and c ...
* (H35.7) Separation of
retinal layers The retina (from la, rete "net") is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some Mollusca, molluscs. The optics of the eye create a Focus (optics), focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on ...
**
Central serous retinopathy Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of f ...
**
Retinal detachment Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blin ...
: Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium * (H35.8) Other specified retinal disorders * (H35.81)
Macular edema Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell ( edema). The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macu ...
— distorted central vision, due to a swollen
macula The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avas ...
* (H35.9) Retinal disorder, unspecified


H36 Retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

* (H36.0) Diabetic retinopathy


H40-H42 Glaucoma

** (H40.1) Primary open-angle glaucoma ** (H40.2) Primary angle-closure glaucoma ** (H40.3) Primary
Normal tension glaucoma Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is an eye disease, a neuropathy of the optic nerve, that shows all the characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma except one: the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) - the classic hallmark of glaucoma - is missing. ...


H43-H45 Disorders of vitreous body and globe

* (H43.9) Floaters — shadow-like shapes which appear singly or together with several others in the field of vision


H46-H48 Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways

* (H47.2) Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy — genetic disorder; loss of central vision,. * (H47.3) Optic disc drusen — globules progressively calcify in the optic disc, compressing the vascularization and optic nerve fibers


H49-H52 Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction

* (H49-H50) Strabismus (Crossed eye/Wandering eye/Walleye) — the eyes do not point in the same direction ** (H49.3-4)
Ophthalmoparesis Ophthalmoparesis refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It is a physical finding in certain neurologic, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease. Internal o ...
— the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles ** (H49.4) Progressive external ophthaloplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles ** (H50.0, H50.3)
Esotropia Esotropia is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. It is the opposite of exotropia and usual ...
— the tendency for eyes to become cross-eyed ** (H50.1, H50.3) Exotropia — the tendency for eyes to look outward * H52 Disorders of refraction and accommodation ** (H52.0) Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) — the inability to focus on near objects (and in extreme cases, any objects) ** (H52.1)
Myopia Near-sightedness, also known as myopia and short-sightedness, is an eye disease where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. As a result, distant objects appear blurry while close objects appear normal. Other symptoms may include ...
(Nearsightedness) — distant objects appear blurred ** (H52.2) Astigmatism — the cornea or the lens of the eye is not perfectly spherical, resulting in different focal points in different planes ** (H52.3) Anisometropia — the lenses of the two eyes have different focal lengths ** (H52.4) Presbyopia — a condition that occurs with growing age and results in the inability to focus on close objects ** (H52.5) Disorders of accommodation *** Internal
ophthalmoplegia Ophthalmoparesis refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It is a physical finding in certain neurologic, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease. Internal o ...


H53-H54.9 Visual disturbances and blindness

* (H53.0)
Amblyopia Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to fully process input from one eye and over time favors the other eye. It results in decreased vision in an eye that typically appears normal in other aspects. Amb ...
(lazy eye) — poor or blurry vision due to either no transmission or poor transmission of the visual image to the brain * (H53.0)
Leber's congenital amaurosis Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life. It affects about 1 in 40,000 newborns. LCA was first described by Theodor Leber in the 19th century. It should not be co ...
— genetic disorder; appears at birth, characterised by sluggish or no pupillary responses * (H53.1, H53.4) Scotoma (blind spot) — an area impairment of vision surrounded by a field of relatively well-preserved vision. See also
Anopsia An anopsia () is a defect in the visual field. If the defect is only partial, then the portion of the field with the defect can be used to isolate the underlying cause. Types of partial anopsia: *Hemianopsia **Homonymous hemianopsia **Heteronymo ...
. * (H53.5) Color blindness — the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish ** (H53.5) Achromatopsia / Maskun — a low cone count or lack of function in
cone cells Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retinas of vertebrate eyes including the human eye. They respond differently to light of different wavelengths, and the combination of their responses is responsible for color vision. Cones ...
* (H53.6)
Nyctalopia Nyctalopia (; ), also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases. Night blindness may exist from birth, or be caused by injury or malnutrition ( ...
(Nightblindness) — a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in the dark * (H54)
Blindness Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment, is a medical definition primarily measured based on an individual's better eye visual acuity; in the absence of treatment such as correctable eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment ...
— the brain does not receive optical information, through various causes ** (H54/B73) River blindness — blindness caused by long-term infection by a parasitic worm (rare in western societies) ** (H54.9)
Micropthalmia Microphthalmia (Greek: grc, μικρός, mikros, small, label=none, grc, ὀφθαλμός, ophthalmos, eye, label=none, also referred as microphthalmos, is a developmental disorder of the eye in which one (unilateral microphthalmia) or both ( ...
/ coloboma — a disconnection between the
optic nerve In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual system, visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve i ...
and the
brain A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a v ...
and/or
spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone). The backbone encloses the central canal of the spi ...


H55-H59 Other disorders of eye and adnexa

* (H57.9) Red eye — conjunctiva appears red typically due to illness or injury * (H58.0)
Argyll Robertson pupil Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do ''not'' constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neu ...
— small, unequal, irregularly shaped
pupils The pupil is a black hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina.Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. (1990) ''Dictionary of Eye Terminology''. Gainesville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company. It appears black ...


Other codes

The following are not classified as diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59) by the
World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...
: * (B36.1)
Keratomycosis Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. It is caused ...
— fungal infection of the cornea * (E50.6-E50.7)
Xerophthalmia Xerophthalmia (from Ancient Greek "xērós" (ξηρός) meaning "dry" and "ophthalmos" (οφθαλμός) meaning "eye") is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, which is someti ...
— dry eyes, caused by vitamin A deficiency * (Q13.1)
Aniridia Aniridia is the absence of the iris, a muscular structure that opens and closes the pupil to allow light into the eye. It is also responsible for eye color. Without it, the central eye appears all black. It can be congenital, in which both eye ...
— a rare congenital eye condition leading to underdevelopment or even absence of the iris of the eye


See also

*
Endophthalmitis Endophthalmitis is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by infection. It is a possible complication of all intraocular surgeries, particularly cataract surgery, and can result in loss of vision or loss of the eye itself ...
*
Corneal dystrophies in human Corneal dystrophy is a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by bilateral abnormal deposition of substances in the transparent front part of the eye called the cornea. Signs and symptoms Corneal dystrophy may not significantly affect v ...
* Corrective lenses *
Fungal contamination of contact lenses Microbial corneal infection is the most serious and "most common vision threatening" complication of contact lens wear, which is believed to be strongly associated with contact lens cases. Such infections "are being increasingly recognized as an i ...
*
Lists of diseases __NOTOC__ A medical condition is a broad term that includes all diseases and disorders. A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. A disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. * List of cancer types * List of ...
* List of eye surgeries *
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is th ...
*
Ophthalmology Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a medic ...


Notes

:''Please see the'' ''References'' ''section below for the complete listing of information.''


References


EyeWiki: The Eye Encyclopedia written by Eye Physicians & Surgeons (American Academy of Ophthalmology)

International Statistical Classification of Diseases (WHO ICD-10) — Diseases of the eye and adnexa (ICD-10 codes H00-H59)
{{Authority control Eye diseases Eye diseases