Joof (

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

spelling in

the Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...

) or Diouf (French spelling in

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

and

Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...

) is a surname that is typically Serer. This surname is also spelt Juuf or Juf (in the

Serer language Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer saloum, is a language of the kingdoms of Sine and Saloum branch of Niger–Congo spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It i ...

). They are the same people. The differences in spelling is because Senegal was colonized by France, while the Gambia was colonized by the United Kingdom. Although spelt differently, they are pronounced the same way. The

totem A totem (from oj, ᑑᑌᒼ, italics=no or ''doodem'') is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe, such as in the Anishinaabe clan system. While ''the wo ...

and

symbol A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different conc ...

of the Joof family is the

antelope The term antelope is used to refer to many species of even-toed ruminant that are indigenous to various regions in Africa and Eurasia. Antelope comprise a wastebasket taxon defined as any of numerous Old World grazing and browsing hoofed mammals ...

, the symbol of grace, royalty, wisdom, hard work and protection in Serer mythology. The name of their

clan A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor. Clans, in indigenous societies, tend to be endogamous, meaning ...

is ''"Njoofene"'' variations: ''"Njuufeen"'' or ''"Njufeen"'' (in Serer). Members of this family had ruled over many of the

pre-colonial Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...

kingdoms of Senegambia, including the

Kingdom of Sine The Kingdom of Sine (also: ''Sin, Siine'' or Siin in the Serer-Sine language) was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a Se ...

, the

Kingdom of Saloum The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer/Wolof kingdom in present-day Senegal. Its kings may have been of Mandinka/ Kaabu origin. The capital of Saloum was the city of Kahone. It was a sister kingdom of Sin ...

and the

Kingdom of Baol The Kingdom of Baol or Bawol in central Senegal was one of the kingdoms that arose from the split-up of the Empire of Jolof (Diolof) in 1555. The ruler ( Teigne or Teen) reigned from a capital in Diourbel. The Kingdom encompassed a strip of la ...

. The royal princesses (

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonial Sene ...

s) from the Joof family were also given in marriage to the pre-colonial kings and princes of

Senegambia The Senegambia (other names: Senegambia region or Senegambian zone,Barry, Boubacar, ''Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade'', (Editors: David Anderson, Carolyn Brown; trans. Ayi Kwei Armah; contributors: David Anderson, American Council of Le ...

. Some of these included the kings of Jolof, kings of

Waalo Walo ( wo, Waalo) was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what are now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish emira ...

, kings of Cayor and Baol (after 1549 following the Battle of Danki). From these marriages, they provided many

heir Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual. The rules of inheritance differ among societies and have changed over time. Officiall ...

s to the thrones of these kingdoms. Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker". Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle parue en 1986-87 Although usually associated with Serer royalty, the Joof family also figure prominently in Serer religious affairs.

History of the Joof family

The Wagadou period

The Joof family is one of the old families of Senegambia. Serer oral tradition speaks of a noble called

Lamane Jegan Joof Lamane Jegan Joof (English spelling in the Gambia, Lamane Djigan Diouf French spelling in Senegal, also : Ndigan Dieye Diouf, Djigan Diouf, Laman Jegaan Juuf or Jegaan Jaay Juuf in Serer language), was a Serer lamane who according to Serer tra ...

, owner of a large

herd A herd is a social group of certain animals of the same species, either wild or domestic. The form of collective animal behavior associated with this is called ''herding''. These animals are known as gregarious animals. The term ''herd'' is ...

livestock Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to animals ...

and estate who was also a farmer. He migrated from Lambaye following an argument with his relative, the king of Lambaye. The dispute concerned the governance of Lambaye and over-taxation of his herd which he considered unjust. As such, he decided to head south and founded

Tukar Tukar ( Serer : A Tukaar, other variations : ''Toukar'' or ''Toucar'') a large village in Senegal. Attached to the rural community of Ngayokhem, it is located in the area of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine, west of Senegal. The population is ove ...

with his younger brother Ndik Joof. The tradition then went on to say that, he had a son called Sosseh Joof (Socé Diouf) who was the heir of Tukar. Some scholars have proposed that, Tukar (and many of its surrounding villages such as Njujuf, Sob, etc., which were founded by Lamane Jegan Joof making them part of his estate and

colony In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the ''metropole, metropolit ...

) now a rather large village in present-day Senegal, is an ancient village and well before the

Guelowar Guelowar, also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum (in the Senegambia, but mainly in the western area of present-day Senegal). They were from the ...

period (1335 Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)'' Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19) and placed the foundation of these villages in the 11th century, if not earlier.Bressers & Rosenbaum, ''Achieving Sustainable Development'' (2003), p. 151. The Joof family had ruled Tukar for many centuries, inherited from their ancestor Lamane Jegan Joof through the Serer Lamanic custom, a rather strict custom of Serer

land law Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land. In many jurisdictions, these kinds of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property. Land use a ...

and

inheritance Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, Title (property), titles, debts, entitlements, Privilege (law), privileges, rights, and Law of obligations, obligations upon the death of an individual. The rules of inheritance differ ...

. In 2004, Lamane Njaga Dibor Ndoffene Joof (Lamane Diaga Dibor Ndofene Diouf) was the last lamane of Tukar.Galvan, ''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire'' (2004), pp. 109-111. In the early history of the

Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou ( ar, غانا) or Awkar, was a West African empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali that existed from c. 300 until 1100. The Empire was founded by the Soninke people, ...

to its end, the royal princesses of the Empire married into the Serer aristocratic families, some of these included Joof family. These royal princesses belonged to the maternal clan

Wagadou The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou ( ar, غانا) or Awkar, was a West African empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali that existed from c. 300 until 1100. The Empire was founded by the Soninke people, an ...

(''Bagadou'' in

). With the Joof paternal clan, they ruled the Kingdom of Baol and provided many kings from the

patrilineage Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritan ...

Joof (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol). Some of these kings include Boureh Joof (Bouré Diouf), Guidiane Joof (Guidiane Diouf), Ma Joof, Jinak Dialane robably GnilaneJoof, Maguinak Joof, etc. These kings preceded the Guelowar period by at least two or three centuries and long before the Fall paternal dynasty of Baol and Cayor who inherited the throne around 1549 after the Battle of Danki. The general consensus is that, after the demise of the Joof paternal and Wagadou maternal dynasties of Baol with other Serer paternal dynasties who jointly ruled Baol, the

Fall Autumn, also known as fall in American English and Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Souther ...

paternal dynasty succeeded them, hence the first Damels and

Teigne Teigne (also : Teign, Tègne, Teeñ, Tin or Tañ in Wolof language) was the title of the monarch of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Baol, now part of present-day Senegal. In Wolof, "Teigne" means the support that is placed on the head to carry som ...

s (titles of the kings of Cayor and Baol, respectively) from the Fall patrilineage were of Wagadou maternal descent. They simply married into the old royal family and succeeded to the throne.

The Guelowar period

The Guelowar period starts from 1350 during the reign of the first Guelowar king of Sine - Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali and ends in 1969 after the death of the last king of

Sine In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is oppo ...

and

Saloum The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer people, Serer/Wolof people, Wolof monarchy, kingdom in present-day Senegal. Its kings may have been of Mandinka people, Mandinka/Kaabu origin. The capital of Saloum wa ...

(

Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof (English spelling in the Gambia; variations: Maad a Sinig Mahécor Diouf - French in Senegal; ''Maad Siin'' or Mad a Sinig Mahekor Juuf, also ''Maye Koor Juuf'' - in Serer-Sine language) was the last king to rule the ...

and

Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof (in Gambian English; or Fode Juuf in Serer) was the last king of Saloum. He reigned as Maad Saloum from 1935 to 1969. His royal title ''Maad Saloum'' means King of Saloum in Serer.Klein, Martin A., ''Islam and Imperia ...

respectively).Sheridan, Michael J., & Nyamweru, , Celia, ''African Sacred Groves'', James Currey, 2008, p. 141. Maysa Wali and his family (the maternal clan Guelowar) fled

Kaabu The Kaabu Empire (1537–1867), also written Gabu, Ngabou, and N'Gabu, was an empire in the Senegambia region centered within modern northeastern Guinea-Bissau, larger parts of today's Gambia; extending into Koussanar, Koumpentoum, regions ...

in 1335 following a dynastic struggle. They were defeated by the Ñaanco maternal dynasty of Kaabu (their extended relatives) and were granted asylum in the

by a Serer noble Council called The Great Council of Lamanes. Having served as legal advisor to this noble Council for 15 years, Maysa Wali managed to win the confidence and trust of the council and the common people. He was nominated and elected by the council and the people as king of Sine. He was the first Guelowar king of Sine. He gave his sisters in marriage to the Serer nobility which sealed the union between Serer and Guelowar.Ngom, Biram (

Babacar Sédikh Diouf Babacar Sedikh Diouf or Babacar Sédikh Diouf ( Serer: Babakar Sidiix Juuf, b. 1928Babacar Sedikh Diouf's body of works: Diouf, Babacar Sedikh, ''O maad a sinig : Kumba Ndoofeen fa Maak JUUF (Buka-Cilaas)'', 1853–1871 (PAPF, 1987) nConsortium ...

), ''La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin'', Université de Dakar, Dakar, 1987, p. 69. It was the offspring of these marriages between the old Serer paternal noble clans and the Guelowar maternal clan of Kaabu that ruled the kingdom of Sine and later Saloum. In this Guelowar period, the Joof family (one of the oldest Serer paternal noble clans) provided many kings in the Kingdoms of Sine and Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum). The Joof family also founded three

royal house A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchy, monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in repu ...

s as follows (in the order of foundation)''La famille Juuf'' n« L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », n''Éthiopiques (revue)'', no. 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 199

/ref> : ::::::::::::*

The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof (variation : Mbin Boureh Gnilane or Mbind Bure Nilaan in Serer) was a royal house founded in the 14th century by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (var : ''Bouré Gnilane Diouf'' or ''Buré Ñilaan''). He was a me ...

( Serer: ''Mbind Bure Nilaan'',Buschinger, Danielle (ed & trans: Kloos, Jan Willem), ''Van den vos Reynaerde: mittelniederländisch - neuhochdeutsch'', Presses du Centre d'Etudes médiévales Université de Picardie (1992), p. 59, other: ''Keur Bouré Gnilane'') ::::::::::::*

The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof ( Serer : Mbin Jogo Siga Juuf or Mbind Jogo Siga, other variation : ''Keur Diogo Siga'', etc.) was the second royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar dynastic period of Sine. Diouf, Niokhob ...

(Serer: ''Mbind Jogo Siga'', other : ''Keur Diogo Siga'') ::::::::::::*

The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof ( Serer : Mbind Sem-Jike,Buschinger, Danielle (ed & trans: Kloos, Jan Willem), ''Van den vos Reynaerde: mittelniederländisch – neuhochdeutsch'', Presses du Centre d'Etudes médiévales Université de Picar ...

(Serer: ''Mbind Sem-Jike'', other: ''Keur Semou Djiké'' or ''Keur Semou Ndiké'') They all trace their descent to

Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof ( Serer : Maad Ndaah Njeeme Juuf or ''Mad Ndaah Njeeme Juuf'') is one of the patriarchs of the Joof family, himself the medieval King of Laah (or ''Lâ'') in Baol now part of independent Senegal. ''La famille Juuf'' n« L ...

(also known as ''Bour Ndaah Ndiémé Diouf'' or ''Ndaah Njeeme Juuf'') - the king of

Laah The Lehar ( Serer & Laalaa : Laah or Laa, other variants : Lâ, Léhar, Laha or Laha ) is an area in the western part of Senegal, located in north of Thies. The Lehar has around 18 villages including : Baam, Bapat, Bargaro, Bësia, Bicoona, Duu ...

(or Laa) in

Baol The Kingdom of Baol or Bawol in central Senegal was one of the kingdoms that arose from the split-up of the Empire of Jolof (Diolof) in 1555. The ruler ( Teigne or Teen) reigned from a capital in Diourbel. The Kingdom encompassed a strip of l ...

, around the 13th century. Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof was the father of Maad Niokhobai Joof (also king of Laa) who was the father of the Great Maad Patar Kolleh Joof (also: ''Bour'' or ''Buur'' Patar Kholé Diouf or Bour Patar Kholleh Diouf) - the conqueror of Baol. Maad Patar Kolleh Joof was the first of the Joof family to marry a

(Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali's niece). From that marriage he had Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof (Niokhobaye Mane Niane Diouf) and Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof (Guédiopal Niane Mane Diouf), who were the first kings of Sine during the Guelowar period from the patrilineage Joof. Their brother Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (Diaraf Bouré Gnilane Diouf) was not a king of Sine, but a Jaraff (equivalent of

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

), who gave his name to the first Royal House of the Joof Dynasty (in the Guelowar period) and it is from that ''"The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof"'' derived from, which provided several kings in Sine and Saloum. The Joof Dynasty that succeeded to the throne of Saloum came from Sine.Diouf, ''Chronique du royaume du Sine'', pp. 712-33.

Historic battles involving this family

This table lists some of the historic battles of

involving the kings or princes belonging to this family : left, upThe ''Junjung'': the Serer war drum of

(19th century)

Genealogy

A short genealogy showing the descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof. :::::::::::::::::::Descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

(king of

Laa Laa or LAA may refer to: Laa * Laa an der Thaya, Lower Austria * Laa (Gemeinde Zettling), Styria * Oberlaa, Unterlaa, Erlaa (disambiguation), Laaer Berg * Laamaikahiki, King of Kauai * Laalaa people, an ethnic group in Senegal * Lehar language, a ...

, c. 1290) │ Maad Niokhobai Joof (king of Laa, Baol) │ ____________________________________│ │ Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror) = ? = Lingeer Mane Nyan (king of Laa, Baol and

of Baol) │ (1) │ (daughter of Sine o Mev Manneh (

) │ │ (2) │ │_____________________________________________ │ │ Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof │ (Jaraff and prince of

) │ │ _________________________________________________________________________│ │ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof │ Lingeer Siga Pal Mane Nyan Joof (king of Sine) │ │ Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof (king of Sine)

Status in Serer religion

The Joof family figure prominently in

Serer religion The Serer religion, or ''a ƭat Roog'' ("the way of the Divine"), is the original religious beliefs, practices, and teachings of the Serer people of Senegal in West Africa. The Serer religion believes in a universal supreme deity called Roog (o ...

. Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), in ''Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire'', Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, pp. 133-89 (pp. 15-34)

Many of the Serer

Pangool Pangool (in Serer and Cangin) singular: Fangool (var : ''Pangol'' and ''Fangol''), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. The Pangool play a crucial role in Serer religion and hist ...

(saints and ancestral spirits) came from this family.Gravrand, "Pangool", pp. 332-3, 338, 342-3, 349. Though associated with

Serer royalty Serer may refer to: * Serer people * Serer language * Serer religion *Rafael Calvo Serer Rafael Calvo Serer (born 6 October 1916 at Valencia, Spain, died 19 April 1988 at Pamplona, Navarra, Spain) was a Professor of History of Spanish Philosophy, a ...

, this family's involvement in Serer religious affairs are found within the

hermeneutics Hermeneutics () is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts. Hermeneutics is more than interpretative principles or methods used when immediate c ...

of Serer religion and traditions. Some of the sacred Serer sites regularly venerated were founded or headed by this family which underpins their involvement in the Pangool cult. Some of these venerated sites includes Tagdiam, residence of

Maad Semou Njekeh Joof Maad Semou Njekeh Joof (English spelling the Gambia. Variations: Maad Semou Djiké Diouf - French spelling in Senegal, Bour Sémou Djiké Diouf, Buur Sémou Djiké Diouf, Semou Njiké, Maat Semou Ndiké Diouf, etc.) was a member of the Joof Dyn ...

who is associated with the cult of Tagdiam; and

, founded by

. In the Serer religious calendar, the Raan festival which takes place once a year after the

new moon In astronomy, the new moon is the first lunar phase, when the Moon and Sun have the same ecliptic longitude. At this phase, the lunar disk is not visible to the naked eye, except when it is silhouetted against the Sun during a solar eclipse. ...

is held in Tukar.

Personalities with the surname Joof, Diouf, Juuf or Juf

The surname

Joof Joof, is a typical Serer patronym in the Gambia. In French-speaking Senegal, it is written as Diouf, whilst in English-speaking Gambia, it is written as Joof. It is the surname of: * Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof (1924 – 2011), Gambian ...

Diouf Diouf, (French spelling in Senegal) or "Joof" (English spelling in The Gambia) is a Serer surname carried by several personalities : People * Abdou Diouf (born 1935), second president of Senegal, former Secretary-General of La Francophonie * El ...

, ''Juuf'' or ''Juf'' is carried by several personalities, some of which include:

Royalty

Kingdom of Baol

* Lamane Jegan Joof, founder of Tukar in the medieval era (11th century) * Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof, king of Laa (

; c. 1290) * Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror), king of Laa (Baol) and Teigne of Baol (c. 14th century)Diouf, pp. 712-13. *

Jinaax Jalaan Joof (or Teeñ Jinaax Jalaan Juuf), King of Baol ( Lambaye). Relative of

.Becker, Charles; Martin, Victor; & Ndène. Aloyse; (Révision et édition par Charles Becker), ''Traditions villageoises du Siin'' (2014), pp. 191–192

Kingdom of Sine

* Maad a Sinig Boukar Tjilas Sanghaie Joof, king of Sine (reigned 1724–35), son of

Diouf, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", pp. 14-18 (pp. 722-30). *

Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof (many variations of his name: Ama Joof, Amat Diouf, Amajuf Ñilan Fay Juf, Amadiouf Diouf, Ama Diouf Faye, Ama Diouf Gnilane Faye Diouf, Ramat Dhiouf, etc.) was a king of Sine now part of present-day Seneg ...

, king of

(reigned 1825–53) * Lingeer Gnilane Jogoy Joof, wife of Maat Souka Ndela Joof (parents of Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof) *

Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof Maad a Signig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof (variations : Mad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, Mad a Sinig Coumba Ndoffène Fa mak Diouf, Coumba N'Doffène Diouf, Coumba N'Doffène Diouf I, Maat Sine Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, etc. - c. 1810 � ...

, king of Sine (reigned 1853–71) * Maad a Sinig Semou Mak Joof, king of Sine (reigned 1878–82)Klein, Martin A, ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914'', Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV. * Maad a Sinig Amadi Baro Joof, king of Sine (reigned 1882–84) * Maad a Sinig Jaligui Sira Joof, king of Sine (reigned 1885–86) * Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Joof, king of Sine (reigned 1886–87) *

Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof, also known as Kumba Ndoffene Joof II or ''Bour Sine Coumba Ndoffène Fandepp Diouf'', was a King of Sine (in present-day Senegal). Maad a Sinig (also: ''Mad a Sinig'' or ''Maad Sine'') translates as "Kin ...

, king of Sine (reigned 1898–1924) *

, king of Sine (reigned 1924–69) * Lamane Diaga Dibor Ndofene Diouf,

lamane Lamane or laman (also ''laam'' or ''lam'') means "master of the land" in the Mandingue, Wolof, and Serer languages. The name was also sometimes the title of chiefs or kings of the Serer people of the Senegambia region which includes modern day Sen ...

of Tukar, last Lamane of Tukar as of 2004.

Kingdom of Saloum

* Maad Saloum Semou Jimit Joof, king of

(reigned 1898–1924)Klein, Martin A: "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914." Edinburgh University Press (1968), p. XV" * Maad Saloum Ndeneh Jogop Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1901–11) * Maad Saloum Semou N'Gouye Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1911–13) * Maat Saloum Gori Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1913–19) * Maad Saloum Mahawa Choro Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1919–35) *

, king of Saloum (reigned 1935–69)

Kingdom of Jolof

* Lingeer Penda Kumba Ngouille Joof, queen consort and queen mother of Jolof (wife of Bour ba Jolof Bakan Tam Boury Nabou Njie, king of Jolof, 1768–69)

Kingdom of Cayor

*Manguinak Joof, appointed ''Ber Jak'' of Cayor (equivalent of Prime Minister) by his first cousin Damel Amari Ngoneh Sobell Fall after he assisted him defeat the king of Jolof at the Battle of Danki (1549).

Royal houses (Guelowar period)

, the first

founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar period. Founded by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof in the 14th century. *

, the second royal house founded by the Joof family. Founded by Maad a Sinig Jogo Gnilane Joof c. 16th century. Unlike the other two royal houses, this royal house did not provide many kings. *

, the third and last royal house founded by the Joof family. This royal house was founded by

in the 18th century.

Academic world

*Ismaïla Diouf, professor of mathematics at the

Université Cheikh Anta Diop Cheikh Anta Diop University (french: Université Cheikh Anta Diop or UCAD), also known as the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, is a university in Dakar, Senegal. It is named after the Senegalese physicist, historian and anthropologist Cheik ...

(

Dakar Dakar ( ; ; wo, Ndakaaru) (from daqaar ''tamarind''), is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 3.94 million in 2 ...

, Sénégal) * Mamadou Diouf, Senegalese historian, professor at the

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

*Arona N'doffène Diouf, professor at the

University of North Carolina The University of North Carolina is the multi-campus public university system for the state of North Carolina. Overseeing the state's 16 public universities and the NC School of Science and Mathematics, it is commonly referred to as the UNC Sy ...

Sylviane Diouf Sylviane Anna Diouf is a historian and curator of the African diaspora. She is a visiting scholar at the Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice, Brown University and a member of the Scientific Committee of the International Coalition of Site ...

, historian and author *Cheikh Diouf, historian and

essayist An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal a ...

*Marcel Mahawa Diouf, a Senegalese historian, theologian and author on

, traditions and

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

.Peterson, Derek, Macola, Giacomo, "Recasting the Past: History Writing and Political Work in Modern Africa", Ohio University Press (2009) p. 299.

/ref> *

, a Senegalese historian and author on Serer history *Moustapha Diouf, a Senegalese sociologist and professor at the University of Vermon

Politics

Le président du Sénégal Abdou Diouf en 1988

Ngalandou Diouf Ngalandou Diouf (var. Galandou Diouf) (14 September 1875 - 6 August 1941) born in Saint-Louis, Senegal, Saint-Louis Senegal, was the first African elected official from the advent of colonialism in the territory of French West Africa. Early life D ...

(1875–1941), Senegalese politician of the colonial era and parliamentarian of the

French Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies (french: Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: * 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house o ...

Abdou Diouf Abdou Diouf ( ; Serer: ; born 7 September 1935)Biography at Socialist Party website

(born 1935), Senegalese politician, second president of Senegal and former
Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
of
Francophonie Francophonie is the quality of speaking French. The term designates the ensemble of people, organisations and governments that share the use of French on a daily basis and as administrative language, teaching language or chosen language. The ...
. *
Coumba Ndoffène Diouf Coumba Ndoffène Diouf (born 29 December 1932https://rulers.org/indexd3.html in Diakhao) is a Senegalese politician. He served as Foreign Minister of Senegal The Foreign Minister of Senegal is a Cabinet (government), cabinet-level position in ...
, Senegalese politician who held several cabinet posts. Former
Foreign Minister of Senegal The Foreign Minister of Senegal is a Cabinet (government), cabinet-level position in the government of the Republic of Senegal. The position was founded upon independence of Senegal from France in 1960. * List of Foreign Ministers of Senegal ...
, Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs. *George St. Clair Joof (1907–1955), Gambian politician and
barrister A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching law and ...
* Lucretia St. Clair Joof (1913–1982), Gambian politician and the first woman in the House of Representatives (the Gambia) * (1925–2006), Senegalese politician and engineer, who held several ministerial posts before and after Senegal's independence. *
Jacques Diouf Jacques Diouf (1 August 1938 – 17 August 2019) was a Senegalese diplomat and the Director-General of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) from January 1994 to 31 December 2011. He died on 17 August 2019, 16 days after hi ...
, Senegalese politician
Director-General A director general or director-general (plural: ''directors general'', ''directors-general'', ''director generals'' or ''director-generals'' ) or general director is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a government ...
of The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) * (born 1939) Senegalese politician and professor of literature at the Université Cheikh Anta Diop. Member and leader of the National Democratic Rally. *Mame Birame Souleymane Diouf (also Mame Biram Souleyman Diouf), Senegalese politician, economist and Deputy Mayor of Sokone (
Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...
). * Ibra Diouf, member of The Pan-African Parliament *
Abdoulaye Diouf Sarr Abdoulaye Diouf Sarr (born 20th-century) is a Senegalese politician. Political career He was Minister of Health until he was sacked by President Macky Sall on 26 May 2022 following a hospital fire that killed 11 babies in the city of Tivaouane ...
, minister in the Senegal government until 2022

Legal profession
Some of these legal professionals have ventured into politics but they are more known for their legal than for their political occupation : * Alhaji Bai Modi Joof (1933–1993) (Alhaji B.M. Joof),
Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...
n
barrister A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching law and ...
, legal adviser to
the Gambia Press Union The Gambia Press Union (GPU) is a trade union for journalists in the Gambia. It was established in 1978 by a group of journalists, led by the veteran Gambian journalist and publisher William Dixon Colley (1913-2001).
and defender of
free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The rights, right to freedom of expression has been ...
. Commonly known as Lawyer Joof (not to be confused with the younger Joseph Henry Joof, who is also known as Lawyer Joof), younger brother of
Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof (22 October 1924 – 2 April 2011) commonly known as Cham Joof or Alhaji Cham Joof, ( pen name: Alh. A.E. Cham Joof) was a Gambian historian, politician, author, trade unionist, broadcaster, radio programme director, ...
. *
Joseph Henry Joof Joseph Henry Joof (born 25 October 1960) is a Gambian lawyer, politician, and writer. He attended Keele University from 1981 to 1985. From 1998 to 2001, he served as president of the Gambia Bar Association, and later as Attorney General In most c ...
(born 1960), Gambian barrister, attorney general and politician.

Medicine
*Professor Boucar Diouf, member of the
International Society of Nephrology The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) is an organization concerned with kidney health. Introduction The ISN has over 9,000 professional members from more than 156 countries. In addition, the ISN closely collaborates with over 100 nation ...
, member of the African board of the Commission for the Global Advancement of Nephrology (COMGAN), member of the African Associations of Nephrology, President and founder-member of the Senegalese Society of Nephrology (SESONEPH)

Sports
*Robert Diouf, professional Senegalese wrestler and former champion. *
El Hadji Diouf El Hadji Ousseynou Diouf (; born 15 January 1981) is a Senegalese former professional footballer. Throughout his career, Diouf played as a winger or a forward. Having started his professional football career in France with Sochaux, Rennes an ...
(born 1981), Senegalese
footballer A football player or footballer is a sportsperson who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are association football, American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, rugby le ...
, winner of many trophies as well as the 2002 BBC African Footballer of the Year award. *
Dame Diouf Dame Diouf (born 31 March 1978) is a Senegalese retired professional Association football, footballer, who aside from three seasons with Hannover 96, spent his entire career in the lower leagues of German football.
, Senegalese footballer and elder brother of El Hadji Diouf. *Pa'Malick Joof (born 1985), Gambian footballer and former player of
SV Wilhelmshaven SV Wilhelmshaven is a German association football club from Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony. SV Wilhelmshaven play in the Regionalliga Nord. SV Wilhelmshaven was founded in 1905. Since 1999, Wilhelmshaven's stadium is the Jadestadion. History Pre ...
. * Mamadou Diouf, Senegalese footballer who played for
FC Metz Football Club de Metz, commonly referred to as FC Metz or simply Metz (), is a French association football club based in Metz, Lorraine. The club was formed in 1932 and plays in Ligue 2, the second division in the French football league sys ...
. * El Hadji Diouf (footballer, born 1988) (not be confused with the other El Hadji Diouf), also a professional footballer. *Mamadou Diouf, professional
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
player and a member of the Senegalese national basketball team. *
Pape Diouf Mababa Diouf, known as Papa Diouf or Pape Diouf (18 December 1951 – 31 March 2020) was a Franco-Senegalese football personality who was a sports journalist, agent for football players, and later president of Olympique de Marseille from ...
(proper: ''Mababa Diouf'', born 1951), former journalist and president of
Olympique de Marseille Olympique de Marseille (, ; oc, Olimpic de Marselha, ), also known simply as Marseille or by the abbreviation OM (, ), is a French professional men's football club based in Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Founded in 1899, the club pl ...
(2005–2009) *
Mame Biram Diouf Mame Biram Diouf (born 16 December 1987) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish Süper Lig club Konyaspor. Diouf started his career at Diaraf before moving to Molde in 2007. In his first season with them he ...
(born 1987), Senegalese footballer who plays for Turkish side
Konyaspor Konyaspor Kulübü (, Konya Sports Club) is a Turkish professional football club based in Konya. They are better known as Konyaspor. In 1922 Konyaspor were founded with the name Konya Gençlerbirliği and have played at their current home stadium ...
. *
Mame Tacko Diouf Mame Tacko Diouf (born 17 October 1976) is a retired Senegalese hurdler. Competition record Personal bests *100 metres hurdles - 12.94 s (2000) *400 metres hurdles - 54.75 s (1999) *200 metres - 23.43 s (2000) *400 metres The 400 metres, or 4 ...
(born 1976), Senegalese
400 metres hurdler The 400 metres hurdles is a track and field hurdling event. The event has been on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 for men and since 1984 for women. On a standard outdoor track, 400 metres is the length of the inside lane, once ar ...
. *
Mame Diodio Diouf Mame Diodio Diouf (born 15 December 1984)Also known as Diodio Diouf. Statistics i/ref> is a Senegalese women's basketball Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It began being played in 1892, one year after men's ...
(born 1984), Senegalese basketball player. *
Valentina Diouf Valentina Diouf (born 10 January 1993) is an Italian professional volleyball player who played with her national team at the 2014 World Championship. Life Diouf was born in Milan, to a father from Senegal and a mother from Italy. Career Diouf ...
(born 1993), Italian volleyball player. * (born 1994), German basketball player and journalist. *
Yehvann Diouf Yehvann Diouf (born 16 November 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ligue 1 club Stade de Reims. Club career On 8 September 2016, Diouf became the youngest ever player to sign a professional contract with Tro ...

Music and entertainment
::::::::*Boucar Diouf, Senegalese humorist ::::::::*, musician, percussionist and composer, band member of the Diouf Brothers (Les frères Diouf).Quebe Pop. ''"Lancement - Les Frères Diouf - DUND, Mercredi le 5 novembre 2003"''
Bibliography by Salsa Montreal
/ref> ::::::::*Pape Abdou Karim Diouf, brother of Élage Diouf and member of the Diouf Brothers band. ::::::::*
Mouss Diouf Pierre Mustapha "Mouss" Diouf (28 October 1964 – 7 July 2012) was a French-Senegalese actor, comedian and humorist. Acting career Born in Dakar, Diouf was known for his lead role in '' The Beast (La bête)'' and as Baba in '' Asterix & Obelix: ...
(born 1964), actor ::::::::*
Tamsier Joof Tamsier Joof Aviance or Tamsier Aviance (né Tamsier Joof — 17 May 1973,"Senegambian taking the dance world by storm", ''West Africa'', 5 June 1995, p. 4.''The Comet'' newspaper (Stevenage) interview : "This is it", 23 August 2001, p. 21. fo ...
, dancer, choreographer, radio personality and businessman ::::::::*
Hella Joof Hella Joof (born 1 November 1962) is a Danish actress and director. She was born to a Danish mother and an aristocratic Gambian father who belonged to the Joof dynasty. Joof directed '' En kort en lang'' (2001), ''Oh Happy Day'' (2004) and '' ...
, actress and director (of Gambian descent). ::::::::* Mamadou Diouf, musician and songwriter

Visual arts
The definition of
art Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. There is no generally agreed definition of wha ...
is very broad. This section list the names of
visual artists The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts al ...
(in its narrowest definition) who share this surname : ::::::::*Cheikh Diouf, professional artist. His work is primarily based on
African art African art describes the modern and historical paintings, sculptures, installations, and other visual culture from native or indigenous Africans and the African continent. The definition may also include the art of the African diasporas, su ...
, winner of many awards

Business and commerce
::::::::*Abdoulie Joof, a Gambian
tycoon A business magnate, also known as a tycoon, is a person who has achieved immense wealth through the ownership of multiple lines of enterprise. The term characteristically refers to a powerful entrepreneur or investor who controls, through perso ...
, commonly known as Lie Joof, implicated in several controversies including the financing of a coup d'etat to overthrow president
Yahya Jammeh Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh (born 25 May 1965) is a Gambian politician and former military officer who was the leader of The Gambia from 1994 to 2017, firstly as chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC) from 199 ...
.Freedom Newspaper (also an online Radio Station)
/ref>

Multi-discipline
The following list gives the names of personalities with this surname who are experts in a variety of professions, and are equally known for each of these professions. Their professional life is so wide and varied that they can not be easily described by a single category : *
Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof (22 October 1924 – 2 April 2011) commonly known as Cham Joof or Alhaji Cham Joof, ( pen name: Alh. A.E. Cham Joof) was a Gambian historian, politician, author, trade unionist, broadcaster, radio programme director, ...
(1924–2011), a
Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...
n Statesman, author, historian, politician, trade unionist, nationalist, broadcaster, etc.

Other
*The Diouf brothers (Les frères Diouf), music band from Senegal. The band consists of Élage Diouf (El Hadji Fall Diouf) and Pape Abdou Karim Diouf.

See also
*
Faye family The patronym Faye (Serer language, Serer: Fay) is one of the :Serer surnames, typical surnames of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. In French-speaking Senegal and Mauritania, and English-speaking Gambia, the surname is spell ...

References

Bibliography
* Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum'' (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87 *Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, ''Le Djoloff et ses Bourba'' (1966); Dakar: Nouvelles Editions africaines, 1981 *Galvan, Dennis Charles. ''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal''. Berkeley: University of California Press (2004). *Bressers, Hans & Rosenbaum, Walter A. ''Achieving Sustainable Development: the challenge of governance across social scales''. Greenwood Publishing Group (2003). *Phillips, Lucie Colvin. ''Historical Dictionary of Senegal''. Volume 23 of African historical dictionaries. Scarecrow Press (1981). *Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. ''Bulletin de L'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire'', Volume 38. IFAN, 1976 *Thilmans, Guy, Descamps, Cyr & Camara, Abdoulaye, "Senegalia: études sur le patrimoine ouest-africain: hommage à Guy Thilmans." Sépia (2006). *Klein, Martin A. ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914''. Edinburgh University Press (1968) *Sheridan, Michael J. & Nyamweru, Celia. ''African Sacred Groves: ecological dynamics & social change''. James Currey (2008). *Ngom, Biram (comprising notes of
Babacar Sédikh Diouf Babacar Sedikh Diouf or Babacar Sédikh Diouf ( Serer: Babakar Sidiix Juuf, b. 1928Babacar Sedikh Diouf's body of works: Diouf, Babacar Sedikh, ''O maad a sinig : Kumba Ndoofeen fa Maak JUUF (Buka-Cilaas)'', 1853–1871 (PAPF, 1987) nConsortium ...
): ''La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin''. Dakar, Université de Dakar (1987) *''"l'epopee de Sanmoon Fay. "La famille Juuf."'' Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre (1991) *Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin (1972). ''Bulletin de l'Ifan'', Tome 34, Série B, n° 4 (1972) *Faye, Louis Diène. ''Mort et naissance: le monde Sereer''. Nouvelles Éditions africaines, 1983. *Bâ, Abdou Bouri. "Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip." Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin * Sonko Godwin, Patience. ''Leaders of Senegambia Region, Reactions To European Infiltration 19th-20th Century''. The Gambia: Sunrise Publishers Ltd (1995). *Sonko Godwin, Patience. ''Ethnic Groups of The Senegambia Region, A Brief History''. Third Edition. The Gambia: Sunrise Publishers Ltd (2003). *Wade, Amadou. "Chronique du Walo sénégalais (1186-1855)", B. Cissé trans., V. Monteil, editor, ''Bulletin de l'IFAN'', Series B, Vol. 26, no. 3/4 (1941, 1964) *Gastellu, Jean-Marc. ''L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal''. IRD Editions, 1981. *Fall, Tanor Latsoukabé, ''Recueil sur la Vie des Damel.'' Introduit et commenté par C. Becker et V. Martin, ''BIFAN'', Tome 36, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1974 *Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), '' Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire'', Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, pp. 133–89 (pp. 15–34

* Henry Gravrand, Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer -
Pangool Pangool (in Serer and Cangin) singular: Fangool (var : ''Pangol'' and ''Fangol''), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. The Pangool play a crucial role in Serer religion and hist ...
", vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990). {{DEFAULTSORT:Joof family Serer royalty Senegalese families Gambian families Senegambian families Serer families African royal families