D-beat (also known as Discore, kängpunk, Discrust,
and crust-beat) is a style of
hardcore punk
Hardcore punk (also known as simply hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier p ...
, developed in the early 1980s by imitators of
Discharge, after whom the genre is named, as well as a
drum beat
A drum beat or drum pattern is a rhythmic pattern, or repeated rhythm establishing the meter and groove through the pulse and subdivision, played on drum kits and other percussion instruments. As such a "beat" consists of multiple drum strokes ...
characteristic of this subgenre. D-beat is known for its "grinding, distorted and brutally political" sound.
[McPadden, Mike. ''If You Like Metallica...: Here Are Over 200 Bands, CDs, Movies, and Other Oddities That You Will Love''. Backbeat Books, 2012. Section on "Discharge".] Discharge may have themselves inherited the beat from
Motörhead
Motörhead () were an English rock band formed in London in 1975 by Lemmy (lead vocals, bass), Larry Wallis (guitar) and Lucas Fox (drums). Lemmy was also the primary songwriter and only constant member. The band are often considered a precu ...
and the
Buzzcocks. D-beat is closely associated with
crust punk
Crust punk (also known as crust or stenchcore) is a form of music influenced by English punk rock and extreme metal. The style, which evolved in the early 1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on politic ...
, which is a heavier, more complex variation. The style was particularly popular in Sweden, and developed there by groups such as Crude SS,
Anti Cimex
Anti Cimex were a Swedish crust punk band, based in Skövde, Gothenburg, Linköping, and Malmö, at different times, that formed in 1981.Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977–1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. ...
,
Mob 47
Mob 47 is a hardcore punk band which formed in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982, originally under the name of "Censur".Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 143. In 1983 the band members ...
, and
Driller Killer. Other D-beat groups include
Doom
Doom is another name for damnation.
Doom may also refer to:
People
* Doom (professional wrestling), the tag team of Ron Simmons and Butch Reed
* Daniel Doom (born 1934), Belgian cyclist
* Debbie Doom (born 1963), American softball pitcher
* ...
and
the Varukers
The Varukers are a British punk rock band formed in 1979 by vocalist Anthony "Rat" Martin. They produced their most influential recordings in the early 1980s. The band play in D-beat, the musical style of Discharge. Also like Discharge, the ...
from the UK;
Disclose from Japan;
Crucifix
A crucifix (from Latin ''cruci fixus'' meaning "(one) fixed to a cross") is a cross with an image of Jesus on it, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself on the cross is referred to in English as the ''corpus'' (Lati ...
and
Final Conflict
Final Conflict is an American hardcore punk band from Long Beach, California, United States, formed in 1983. They have gone through various lineup changes with the only constant member being original guitar player (and founder) Jeff Harp.
Final ...
from the U.S.;
Ratos de Porão
Ratos de Porão (Portuguese for "Basement Rats") is a Brazilian crossover thrash band from São Paulo. They were formed in 1981, toured South America, North America, Asia and Europe, and still continue to play today. Their core lineup of João G ...
from Brazil; and MG15 from Spain. While the style initially developed in the early 1980s, a number of new groups working within the subgenre emerged in the mid-1990s. These include the Swedish groups
Wolfbrigade
Wolfbrigade (formerly Wolfpack) is a Swedish hardcore punk band formed in 1995 by Jocke Rydbjer, Frank Johansen, Erik Norberg, Marcus "M. Psykfall" Johansson and the vocalist Tomas Jonsson (known for being part of the local crust punk band Ant ...
,
Totalitär, Avskum,
Skitsystem
Skitsystem (; "Fucking System" or "Fucking Society", literally "Shit System") is a Swedish crust punk band formed in early 1994. Their sound was heavily influenced by death metal and D-beat. The band members originally came from different death ...
, and
Disfear
Disfear is a Swedish crust punk band that formed in the early 1990s and recorded sporadically over the years. After releasing the albums ''Soul Scars'' in 1995 and '' Everyday Slaughter'' in 1997, the group did not release another album until 20 ...
.
History
Origins
One of the earliest example of D-beat can be found in the Buzzcocks' song "You Tear Me Up," on their debut LP, ''
Another Music In A Different Kitchen
''Another Music in a Different Kitchen'' is the first studio album by the English punk rock band Buzzcocks. It was released in March 1978 by the United Artists record label. This was the third line-up of Buzzcocks, with the guitarist Pete Shelle ...
''. It featured a fast, intense drumbeat which Discharge would later emulate in the distinctive drumbeat of D-beat. Discharge formed in 1977 in
Stoke-on-Trent, England, initially playing a basic variety of street punk inspired by the
Sex Pistols and
The Clash
The Clash were an English rock band formed in London in 1976 who were key players in the original wave of British punk rock. Billed as "The Only Band That Matters", they also contributed to the and new wave movements that emerged in the w ...
. In 1979, the group changed its line-up and began to develop a new, more aggressive style. At this time Terry "Tez" Roberts of Discharge developed their characteristic drum beat, for which the D-beat subgenre is named. Roberts commented in 2004 that "I just wanna be remembered for coming up with that f-ckin' D-beat in the first place! And inspiring all those f-ckin' great Discore bands around the world!"
[Glasper, Ian (2004). ''Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984'', p. 175. Cherry Red Books.] Discharge's inspiration for the style has led it to be referred to as "Discore".
[Glasper (2004), p. 65.] Roberts' beat is similar to the basic percussive backbone of songs by
Motörhead
Motörhead () were an English rock band formed in London in 1975 by Lemmy (lead vocals, bass), Larry Wallis (guitar) and Lucas Fox (drums). Lemmy was also the primary songwriter and only constant member. The band are often considered a precu ...
,
[Ekeroth, Daniel (2008). ''Swedish Death Metal'', p. 19. Bazillion Points Books.] and many subsequent groups borrow from this group a great deal as well as Discharge. After 1982, the group changed its style to a more conventional form of heavy metal. However, their classic sound inspired other groups to emulate them;
The Varukers
The Varukers are a British punk rock band formed in 1979 by vocalist Anthony "Rat" Martin. They produced their most influential recordings in the early 1980s. The band play in D-beat, the musical style of Discharge. Also like Discharge, the ...
, also from England, were the first of these. As punk historian Ian Glasper put it, "The Varukers were the original Discore band, the first and best of the hardcore punk acts to take the simple, yet devastatingly effective formula laid down by Discharge and play it as fast, hard, heavy as they could."
[ and that "In the turbulent wake of Discharge, a hundred Discore – or D-beat – punk bands sprang up around the world."][Glasper 2009, p. 26] While the style was first practiced in England, it became especially inspirational to a number of groups in Sweden.
D-beat was initially known as "''kängpunk''" ("boot punk") in Sweden.[Jandreus, Peter (2008). ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977–1987'', p. 11. Stockholm: Premium Publishing.] The first Swedish D-beat song is "Marquee," by Rude Kids, from Stockholm, recorded in 1979. They were followed by KSMB (En Slemmig Torsk), Missbrukarna, and more famously, Anti Cimex
Anti Cimex were a Swedish crust punk band, based in Skövde, Gothenburg, Linköping, and Malmö, at different times, that formed in 1981.Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977–1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. ...
.[Ekeroth, p. 19.] Anti Cimex's second 7" EP, ''Raped Ass'', has been described as "one of the rawest and most violent hardcore releases ever."[ Other such groups included Moderat Likvidation, Asocial, and most prominently ]Mob 47
Mob 47 is a hardcore punk band which formed in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982, originally under the name of "Censur".Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 143. In 1983 the band members ...
. Mob 47, also from Stockholm, was known as the fastest of the ''kängpunk'' groups. The group also blended Discharge's style with American hardcore punk
Hardcore punk (also known as simply hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier p ...
, diversifying the style. The heaviest of Swedish crust bands was Crude SS
1980s
In England, a second style of anarcho-punk similar to D-beat developed in the mid-1980s. This style borrowed from the Swedish ''kängpunk'' groups as well as British anarcho-punk, heavy metal, and post-punk
Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad music genre, genre of Punk Music, punk music that emerged in the late 1970s as musicians departed from punk's traditional elements and raw simplicity, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde s ...
.[Glasper 2006. "Amebix." p. 198-201.]["In Grind We Crust," p. 46.] The term "crust" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 ''Ripper Crust'' demo. As punk historian Ian Glasper puts it: "''Rippercrust'' is widely regarded as the first time the word 'crust' was used in the punk context, and hence the specific starting point of the whole crustcore genre, although some would attribute that accolade to the likes of Disorder
Disorder may refer to randomness, non-order, or no intelligible pattern.
Disorder may also refer to:
Healthcare
* Disorder (medicine), a functional abnormality or disturbance
* Mental disorder or psychological disorder, a psychological pattern ...
, Chaos UK
Chaos UK is an English punk rock band formed in 1979 in Portishead, near Bristol. They emerged as part of the anarcho-punk scene, developing a fast and aggressive hardcore punk style. The band recorded two EPs and a full LP for Riot City Rec ...
, and Amebix several years earlier." Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty, vocalist and guitarist of Hellbastard, commented, "A lot of people say we started the crust-punk genre, but whatever. If they wanna say that, I don't mind, but I'm certainly no Malcolm McLaren, saying I invented something I didn't."[Glasper 2009, 185] Amebix
Amebix were an English crust punk band. Formed as the Band with No Name, the band's original run was from 1978 to 1987, during which time they released two EPs and three albums. The group reunited in 2008, released another full-length album ...
[Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977–1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.] and Antisect are often located as the originators of crust punk.
Amebix's ''Arise'' LP and Antisect's ''Out from the Void'' single, both released in 1985, offer a template for the subgenre. Punk journalist Felix von Havoc contends that Doom
Doom is another name for damnation.
Doom may also refer to:
People
* Doom (professional wrestling), the tag team of Ron Simmons and Butch Reed
* Daniel Doom (born 1934), Belgian cyclist
* Debbie Doom (born 1963), American softball pitcher
* ...
, Excrement of War, Electro Hippies and Extreme Noise Terror
Extreme Noise Terror (often abbreviated to ENT) are a British extreme metal band formed in Ipswich, England in 1985 and one of the earliest and most influential crust bands. Noted for one of the earliest uses of dual vocalists in hardcore,Bon ...
were among the first bands to have the traditional UK "crust" sound. Additional subgenres of this style began to develop. Deviated Instinct
Deviated Instinct are an English extreme metal band formed in Norwich in 1984. They are considered pioneers of both crust punk and death metal. Their first EP, ''Welcome to the Orgy'', was released by Peaceville Records, which released the maj ...
, from Norwich, created "stenchcore", bringing "both the look and sound – dirty and metallic, respectively – to their natural conclusion". Initially an anarcho-punk group, they began to take increasing influence from metal. As vocalist Julian "Leggo" Kilsby comments: "We were very much a part of the anarcho scene, to start with, very politically motivated... all the way through the band's existence, really, although it got less obvious as time went by. But I never really liked the straightforward 'War is bad...' lyrics that were so prevalent at the time, so as my writing skills improved I wanted to add more depth to our lyrics and make them more metaphorical; I'd always been into horror films, so that started to manifest itself in the imagery I was using..."
Crust punk groups took some influence from the early black metal
Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, a shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw (lo-fi) recording, unconventional song structures, and an emp ...
of Venom
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a st ...
and Celtic Frost. Similarly, Bathory was initially inspired by crust punk as well as metal. Crust was affected by a second wave of influence in the 1990s, with some bands emphasizing these black metal elements. Iskra are probably the most obvious example of second wave black metal
Black metal is an extreme metal, extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include Tempo#Beats per minute, fast tempos, a Screaming (music)#Black metal, shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted Electric guitar, guitars played with t ...
-influenced crust punk;[Iskra Interviews]
. Iskra coined their own phrase "blackened crust" to describe this new style. The Japanese group Gallhammer
Gallhammer () were a Japanese extreme metal group that drew on blackened crust, black metal, doom metal and crust punk. They formed in Tokyo in 2003 and released three studio albums.
The current group lineup is Vivian Slaughter (vocals, bass g ...
also blend crust with black metal. In addition, Norwegian band Darkthrone have incorporated crust punk traits in their more recent material. As Daniel Ekeroth wrote in 2008 :"In a very ironic paradox, black metal and crust punk have recently started to embrace one another. Members of Darkthrone and Satyricon have lately claimed that they love punk, while among crusties, black metal is the latest fashion. In fact, the latest album by crust punk band Skitsystem sounds very black metal—while the latest black metal opus by Darkthrone sounds very punk! This would have been unimaginable in the early 90s."
American crust punk began in New York City, also in the mid-'80s, with the work of Nausea
Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit. While not painful, it can be a debilitating symptom if prolonged and has been described as placing discomfort on the chest, abdomen, or back of the ...
. The group emerged from the Lower East Side squat scene and New York hardcore
New York hardcore (also known as NYHC) is both the hardcore punk music created in New York City and the subculture and lifestyle associated with that music. New York hardcore grew out of the hardcore scene established in Washington, D.C., by ban ...
, living with Roger Miret
Rogelio de Jesus Miret (born June 30, 1964) is a Cuban American musician. He is the vocalist for New York hardcore band Agnostic Front, street punk group Roger Miret and the Disasters, and hardcore band The Alligators.
Agnostic Front are consi ...
of Agnostic Front
Agnostic Front is an American hardcore punk band from New York City. Founded in 1980, the band is considered an important influence on the New York hardcore scene, as well as a pioneer of the crossover thrash genre.
History First era (1980–1 ...
. The early work of Neurosis
Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress, but neither delusions nor hallucinations. The term is no longer used by the professional psychiatric community in the United States, having been eliminated from th ...
, from San Francisco, also borrowed from Amebix, and inaugurated crust punk on the West Coast. Disrupt
Disrupt was an American crust punk band from Lynn, Massachusetts that was active from 1987 to 1993. The lineup was Jay Stiles and Pete Kamarinos (vocals), Chris Drake (guitar), Harry Haralabatos (drums), Tony Leone (bass). After recording one ...
(Boston), Antischism (South Carolina), and Destroy!
Destroy! was an American crust punk band from Minneapolis between 1988 and 1994. Vocalist Felix Havoc founded Havoc Records in 1992 as a vehicle for Destroy!'s ''Burn this Racist System Down 7-inch EP.
Members
*Felix Havoc ( Code 13, Damage Dep ...
(Minneapolis) were also significant U.S. crust groups.
Extreme Noise Terror is credited with developing this style into grindcore.[ In the late 1980s, ]Doom
Doom is another name for damnation.
Doom may also refer to:
People
* Doom (professional wrestling), the tag team of Ron Simmons and Butch Reed
* Daniel Doom (born 1934), Belgian cyclist
* Debbie Doom (born 1963), American softball pitcher
* ...
, from Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1. ...
, practiced D-beat indebted to Discharge as well as to crust punk. However, Pete Hurley, the guitarist for the group, declared that he had no interest in being remembered as a pioneer of this style: "'grindcore' was a legendarily stupid term coined by a hyperactive kid from the West Midlands, and it had nothing to do with us whatsoever. ENT were, are, and – I suspect – always will be a hardcore punk band... not a grindcore band, a stenchcore band, a trampcore band, or any other sub-sub-sub-core genre-defining term you can come up with."
1990s
An important American crust punk band was Aus-Rotten
Aus-Rotten was an American crust punk band formed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Active from 1991 to 2001, its members practiced and promoted a philosophy of anarchist politics. The band included lead vocalist Dave Trenga, vocalist/guitarist Eric G ...
[Crust-punks Behind Enemy Lines release One Nation Under The Iron Fist of God]
from Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the second-most populous city in Pennsylva ...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
. Crust punk also flourished in Minneapolis, shepherded by the Profane Existence
Profane Existence is a Minneapolis-based anarcho-punk collective. Established in 1989, the collective publishes a nationally known zine (also called ''Profane Existence''), as well as releasing and distributing anarcho-punk, crust, and grindco ...
label.["In Grind We Crust," p. 51.] In this period, the ethos of crust punk became particularly codified, with vegetarianism, feminism
Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...
, and sometimes straight edge being prescribed by many of the figures in the scene.[ The ]powerviolence
Powerviolence (sometimes written as power violence) is an extremely dissonant and fast subgenre of hardcore punk which is closely related to thrashcore and grindcore. In contrast with grindcore, which is a "crossover" idiom containing musical ...
scene associated with Slap-a-Ham Records
Slap a Ham Records was an independent label from San Francisco owned and operated by Chris Dodge, bassist of the band Spazz as well as others. The label is generally seen as a highly influential entity within the hardcore punk scene in California ...
was in close proximity to crust punk, particularly in the case of Man Is the Bastard
Man Is the Bastard was an American hardcore punk band based in Claremont, California. The band existed from 1990 to 1997, releasing mostly vinyl splits, extended plays, and albums on obscure labels from around the world. By 1997, the group ended a ...
and Dropdead
Dropdead is an American hardcore punk band based in Providence, Rhode Island. They have been active in the punk scene since 1991, having been formed in January of that year. The band's songs are generally short and very fast-paced, with few las ...
.["Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!." ''Terrorizer'' no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.] Crust was also prominent in the American South, where Prank Records and CrimethInc.
CrimethInc., also known as CWC, which stands for either "CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective" or "CrimethInc Ex-Workers Ex-Collective", is a decentralized anarchist collective of autonomous cells.
*
*
* CrimethInc. emerged in the mid-1990s, initia ...
acted as focal points of the scene. The most well-known representative of Southern crust was His Hero Is Gone.[
Many Swedish groups of the 1990s began to play a combination of D-beat with crust punk.][ These bands, including Driller Killer,][Jandreus, p. 20-21.] Totalitär, Skitsystem
Skitsystem (; "Fucking System" or "Fucking Society", literally "Shit System") is a Swedish crust punk band formed in early 1994. Their sound was heavily influenced by death metal and D-beat. The band members originally came from different death ...
, Wolfbrigade
Wolfbrigade (formerly Wolfpack) is a Swedish hardcore punk band formed in 1995 by Jocke Rydbjer, Frank Johansen, Erik Norberg, Marcus "M. Psykfall" Johansson and the vocalist Tomas Jonsson (known for being part of the local crust punk band Ant ...
, and Disfear
Disfear is a Swedish crust punk band that formed in the early 1990s and recorded sporadically over the years. After releasing the albums ''Soul Scars'' in 1995 and '' Everyday Slaughter'' in 1997, the group did not release another album until 20 ...
,[ remain some of the most well-known D-beat bands, although their sound has cleaved closely to developments in death metal.
]
Characteristics
Vocals and lyrics
The vocal content of D-beat tends towards shouted slogans. The style is distinguished from its predecessors by its minimal lyrical content and greater proximity to heavy metal. D-beat bands typically have anti-war, anarchist messages and closely follow the bleak nuclear war imagery of 1980s anarcho-punk bands. Rock journalist Robbie Mackey described D-beat as characterized by "hardcore drumming set against breakneck riffage and unintelligible howls about anarchy, working-stiffs-as-rats, and banding together to, you know, fight."
Vocals in crust punk are often shrieked or shouted, and may be shared between two or more vocalists. The lyrical content of crust punk tends to be bleak and nihilistic, yet politically engaged. Crust punk songs are often about nuclear war, militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values. It may also imply the glorification of the mili ...
, animal rights
Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all Animal consciousness, sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their Utilitarianism, utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding s ...
, police, personal grievances, oppressive states and fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...
. Amebix were also interested in various forms of mysticism and Gnosticism
Gnosticism (from grc, γνωστικός, gnōstikós, , 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems which coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish and early Christian sects. These various groups emphasized pe ...
.[ Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty, guitarist and vocalist of Hellbastard, describes the distinction between metal and crust punk lyrics:
]
Drum beat
The name "D-beat" refers to a specific drumbeat, associated with The Varukers, Brian Roe (Brains), Discharge, Garry Malloney & Tez Roberts, Discharge's first drummer,[ though rock musicians such as Buzzcocks and Diamond Head had used the beat previously. The term was coined by Rich Militia, the singer of ]Sore Throat
Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. Usually, causes of sore throat include
* viral infections
* group A streptococcal infection (GAS) bacterial infection
* pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat)
* to ...
, in 1988, to describe the drum pattern played by Dave "Bambi" Ellesmere, Roberts's replacement, on Discharge's EP ''Why
Why may refer to:
* Causality, a consequential relationship between two events
* Reason (argument), a premise in support of an argument, for what reason or purpose
* Grounding (metaphysics), a topic in metaphysics regarding how things exist in v ...
''.
Three versions of D-beat drum tabs:
First () (like early Anti Cimex
Anti Cimex were a Swedish crust punk band, based in Skövde, Gothenburg, Linköping, and Malmö, at different times, that formed in 1981.Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977–1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. ...
and Discharge):
C:, x--x-x--x--x-x--:, ,
S:, --o---o---o---o-:, ,
K:, o--o-o--o--o-o--:, ,
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + S=snare K=kick C=crash
Second — Verse () and chorus () (like Avskum):
H:, x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-:, , C:, x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-:, ,
S:, --o---o---o---o-:, , S:, --o---o---o---o-:, ,
K:, o--o-o--o--o-o--:, , K:, o--o-o--o--o-o--:, ,
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + S=snare K=kick H=hihat C=crash
Third (Thrash/speed metal beat) ( listen to sample or ):
H:, x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-:, ,
S:, --o---o---o---o-:, ,
K:, o----o--o--o-o--:, ,
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + S=snare K=kick H=hihat
See also
* Anarcho-punk
*Crust punk
Crust punk (also known as crust or stenchcore) is a form of music influenced by English punk rock and extreme metal. The style, which evolved in the early 1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on politic ...
References
Sources
*Ekeroth, Daniel (2008). ''Swedish Death Metal''. Bazillion Points Books.
*Glasper, Ian (2009). ''Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989''. Cherry Red Books.
*Glasper, Ian (2006). ''The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984''. Cherry Red Books.
*Grindcore Special (2009), "In Grind We Crust," 181, 41–56.
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:D-Beat
Drum patterns
Punk rock genres
English styles of music
British rock music genres
Swedish styles of music