Cox's Orange Pippin
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox, is an
apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, wh ...
cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...
first grown in 1825, at
Colnbrook Colnbrook is a village in the Slough district in Berkshire, England. It lies within the historic boundaries of Buckinghamshire, and straddles two distributaries of the Colne, the Colne Brook and Wraysbury River. These two streams have their co ...
in
Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-ea ...
, England, by the retired
brewer Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, ...
and
horticulturist Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...
Richard Cox. Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown,
Ribston Pippin 'Ribston Pippin' is a triploid cultivar of apples, also known by other names including 'Essex Pippin', 'Beautiful Pippin', 'Formosa', 'Glory of York', 'Ribstone', 'Rockhill's Russet', 'Travers', and 'Travers's Reinette'. Origin This apple was gro ...
seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the
Vale of Evesham A vale is a type of valley. Vale may also refer to: Places Georgia * Vale, Georgia, a town in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region Norway * Våle, a historic municipality Portugal * Vale (Santa Maria da Feira), a former civil parish in the municipa ...
in
Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England. The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see His ...
, and later in
Kent Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
.


Description and uses

'Cox's Orange Pippin' is highly regarded for its excellent flavour and attractive appearance. The apples are of medium size,
orange Orange most often refers to: *Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' ** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower *Orange (colour), from the color of an orange, occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum * ...
-red in colour, deepening to bright red and mottled with carmine over a deep yellow background. The flesh is very aromatic, yellow-white, fine-grained, crisp, and very juicy. Cox's flavour is sprightly subacid, with hints of
cherry A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus ''Prunus'', and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet ''Prunus avium'' and the sour ''Prunus cerasus''. The nam ...
and
anise Anise (; '), also called aniseed or rarely anix is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to Eurasia. The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, licorice, and ta ...
, becoming softer and milder with age. When ripe apples are shaken, the seeds make a rattling sound as they are only loosely held in the apple's flesh. Cox's Orange Pippin is often blended with other varieties in the production of
cider Cider ( ) is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. Cider is widely available in the United Kingdom (particularly in the West Country) and the Republic of Ireland. The UK has the world's highest per capita consumption, ...
.


Cultivation

According to the
Institute of Food Research The Quadram Institute is a centre for food and health research, combining Quadram Institute Bioscience (formerly the Institute of Food Research), the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals’  endoscopy centre and aspects of the University ...
, Cox's Orange Pippin accounts for over 50% of the UK acreage of dessert apples. The tree is a moderate grower and is annually productive. However, it can be difficult to grow in many environments, and tends to be susceptible to diseases such as scab,
mildew Mildew is a form of fungus. It is distinguished from its closely related counterpart, mould, largely by its colour: moulds appear in shades of black, blue, red, and green, whereas mildew is white. It appears as a thin, superficial growth consi ...
, and
canker A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticultur ...
, so it is rarely grown commercially in North America. Cox's Orange Pippin is also grown in Belgium and in the Netherlands, countries with a climate similar to that of Great Britain. A number of
sports Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, th ...
of Cox's Orange Pippin have been discovered over subsequent years and propagated. These retain "Cox" in their names, e.g., Cherry Cox, Crimson Cox, King Cox, and Queen Cox. In addition to the cultivation of Cox sports, apple breeders have hybridised Cox with other varieties to improve vigour, disease resistance, and yield, while attempting to retain the unique qualities of Cox's flavour.Apple Breeding in New Zealand
/ref>


Descendant cultivars

Cultivar name (female parent × male parent) *Acme (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *
Alkmene In Greek mythology, Alcmene () or Alcmena (; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκμήνη or Doric Greek: Ἀλκμάνα, Latin: Alcumena means "strong in wrath") was the wife of Amphitryon by whom she bore two children, Iphicles and Laonome. She is best known ...
(Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg 'Geheimrat Dr. Oldenburg' is a German apple cultivar. It was created in 1897 at the Höheren Lehranstalt für Obstbau of Geisenheim in the Rheingau by hybridisation of and . It may also be known as 'Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg', 'Geheimrat O ...
) *
Allington Pippin 'Allington Pippin' is an English cultivar of domesticated apple, with a strong flavour that includes hints of pineapple.Peasgood's Nonsuch 'Peasgood's Nonsuch' is an apple cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem c ...
) *
Clivia ''Clivia'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Common names are Natal lily or bush lily. They are herbaceous or evergreen perennial plants, with g ...
(Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg × Cox's Orange Pippin);K. M. Evans, A. Patocchi, F. Rezzonico, F. Mathis, C. E. Durel, F. Fernández-Fernández, A. Boudichevskaia, F. Dunemann, M. Stankiewicz-Kosyl, L. Gianfranceschi, M. Komjanc, M. Lateur, M. Madduri, Y. Noordijk, W. E. van de Weg (2011)
Genotyping of pedigreed apple breeding material with a genome-covering set of SSRs: trueness-to-type of cultivars and their parentages
. ''Molecular Breeding'' 28 (4): 535–547.
*Clopton Red (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *Cobra (Cox's Orange Pippin' × Bramley's Seedling) *Downton Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Golden Pippin) *Dukat (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin) or (Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Dunning (Cox's Orange Pippin × McIntosh) *Eden (John Standish × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Edith Hopwood (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) * Ellison's Orange (Cox's Orange Pippin × Cellini) *
Elstar The Elstar apple is an apple cultivar that was first developed in the Netherlands in Elst in the 1950s by crossing Golden Delicious and Ingrid Marie apples. It quickly became popular, especially in Europe and was first introduced to America in ...
(Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Fiesta (Cox's Orange Pippin × Idared) *Francis (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *Freyburg (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Golden Delicious 'Golden Delicious' is a cultivar of apple. It is one of the 15 most popular apple cultivars in the United States. It is not closely related to 'Red Delicious'. History Golden Delicious arose from a chance seedling, possibly a hybrid of 'Gri ...
) *Gloucester Cross (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *Golden Nugget (Golden Russet × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Hereford Cross (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *Herefordshire Russet (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Idared Idared is a type of apple cultivar from Moscow, Idaho, United States. Variety is characterized by a non-uniform skin color. First developed at the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station in 1942; it is a cross between two apple v ...
) *High View Pippin (Sturmer Pippin × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Holstein (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *
Ingrid Marie Ingrid Marie is an apple cultivar. It was cultivated by accident around 1910 on the premises of a school in Høed on the island of Funen Funen ( da, Fyn, ), with an area of , is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsy ...
(Cox's Orange Pippin × Guldborg) *
James Grieve apple James Grieve is an old variety of apple. It gets its name from its breeder, James Grieve, who raised the apple from pollination of a Pott's Seedling or a Cox's Orange Pippin apple (most likely both) in Edinburgh, Scotland some time before 1893. ...
(Cox's Orange Pippin × Potts' Seedling) *Jupiter (Cox's Orange Pippin × Starking Delicious) *Karmijn de Sonneville (Cox's Orange Pippin × Jonathan) *Kent (Cox's Orange Pippin × Jonathan) * Kidd's Orange Red (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Red Delicious Red Delicious is a type of apple with a red exterior and sweet taste that was first recognized in Madison County, Iowa, in 1872. Today, the name ''Red Delicious'' comprises more than 50 cultivars. From 1968 to 2018, it was the most produced cu ...
) *King George V (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown) *Langley Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Gladstone) *Laxton's Advance (Cox's Orange Pippin × Gladstone) *Laxton's Epicure (Wealthy × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Laxton's Exquisite (Cellini × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Laxton's Fortune (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Wealthy Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating Old English word , which is from an I ...
) *Laxton's Pearmain (Cox's Orange Pippin × Wyken Pippin) * Laxton's Superb (Cellini × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Laxton's Triumph (King of the Pippins × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Lucullus (Jonathan x Cox Orange Pippin) *Lynn's Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Ellison's Orange) *Meridien (Cox's Orange Pippin × Falstaff) *Merton Beauty (Ellison's Orange × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Merton Charm (McIntosh × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Merton Russet (Sturmer Pippin × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Merton Worcester (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Worcester Pearmain 'Worcester Pearmain' is an early season English cultivar of domesticated apple, that was developed in Worcester, England, by a Mr. Hale of Swanpool in 1874.Northern Spy The Northern Spy, also called 'Spy' and 'King', is a cultivar of domesticated apple that originated on the farm of Oliver Chapin in East Bloomfield, New York, in about 1840. It is popular in upstate New York. The Northern Spy was one of four app ...
) *Tydeman's Late Orange (Laxton's Superb × Cox's Orange Pippin) *Tydeman's October Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Ellison's Orange) *William Crump (Cox's Orange Pippin ×
Worcester Pearmain 'Worcester Pearmain' is an early season English cultivar of domesticated apple, that was developed in Worcester, England, by a Mr. Hale of Swanpool in 1874.Grimes Golden The 'Grimes Golden' apple is a cultivar of apple originated in Wellsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Ass ...
) * Winston/Winter King (Cox's Orange Pippin × Worcester Pearmain)


Sports (mutations)

A number of
Sports Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, th ...
of Cox's Orange Pippin have been selected. *Queen Cox (A
self-fertile Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms, and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals ...
sport) *Cherry Cox (A sport that is more red than Cox's Orange Pippin and has mild cherry candy flavor)


References


Further reading

*Bunyard, E. A. (1920) ''A Handbook of Fruits'' *Sanders, Rosanne (1988) ''The English Apple'' *Visser, J. (1983) ''Effect of the ground-water regime and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of apples: results of a ground-water level experimental field with the apple varieties Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin on a young calcerous marine clayey soil''. Lelystad: Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat


External links

{{Authority control British apples Apple cultivars