The City of Salford () is a
metropolitan borough within
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million; comprising ten metropolitan boroughs: Manchester, Salford, Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tam ...
, England. The borough is named after its main settlement,
Salford. The borough covers the towns of
Eccles,
Swinton,
Walkden and
Pendlebury, as well as the villages and suburbs of
Monton,
Little Hulton,
Boothstown,
Ellenbrook,
Clifton
Clifton may refer to:
People
* Clifton (surname)
* Clifton (given name)
Places
Australia
*Clifton, Queensland, a town
** Shire of Clifton
*Clifton, New South Wales, a suburb of Wollongong
* Clifton, Western Australia
Canada
* Clifton, Nova Sc ...
,
Cadishead,
Pendleton,
Winton and
Worsley. The borough has a population of 270,000, and is administered from the
Salford Civic Centre
Salford Civic Centre, formerly Swinton and Pendlebury Town Hall, is a municipal building at Chorley Road, in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England. It is the administrative headquarters of Salford City Council.
History
The Swinton and Pendlebury ...
in Swinton. Salford is the historic centre of the
Salford Hundred
The Salford Hundred (also known as Salfordshire) was one of the subdivisions of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England (see: Hundred (county division). Its name alludes to its judicial centre being the township of Salford (th ...
an ancient subdivision of Lancashire. The City of Salford is the 5th-most populous district in Greater Manchester.
The city's boundaries, set by the
Local Government Act 1972, include five former local government districts. It is bounded on the southeast by the
River Irwell, which forms part of its boundary with
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...
to the east, and by the
Manchester Ship Canal to the south, which forms its boundary with
Trafford. The metropolitan boroughs of
Wigan
Wigan ( ) is a large town in Greater Manchester, England, on the River Douglas. The town is midway between the two cities of Manchester, to the south-east, and Liverpool, to the south-west. Bolton lies to the north-east and Warrington ...
,
Bolton, and
Bury lie to the west, northwest, and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialized and densely populated, but around one-third of the city consists of rural open space. The western half of the city stretches across an ancient
peat bog,
Chat Moss.
Salford has a history of human activity stretching back to the
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...
age. There are over 250
listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern I ...
s in the city, including
Salford Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St. John the Evangelist, usually known as Salford Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral on Chapel Street in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Salford and mother church of the Diocese of Sal ...
, and three
Scheduled Ancient Monuments. With the
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
, Salford and its neighboring settlements grew alongside the textile industry. The former
County Borough of Salford was granted
city status in 1926 and thus making it the second city in Greater Manchester after neighboring Manchester. The city and its industries experienced a decline throughout much of the 20th century. Since the 1990s, parts of Salford have undergone regeneration, especially
Salford Quays, home of
BBC North and
Granada Television, and the area around the
University of Salford.
Salford Red Devils are a professional
rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 112 ...
club in Super League and
Salford City F.C.
Salford City Football Club is a professional football club in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The club competes in League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system.
The club was founded as Salford Central in 1940, and pl ...
is a professional football club in
League Two.
Old Trafford, the home of
Manchester United, in
Trafford, is opposite
Salford Quays.
History
Although the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford was a 20th-century creation, the area has a long history of human activity, extending back to the
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with ...
.
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...
flint arrow-heads and tools, and evidence of
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
activity has been discovered in
Salford. The northerly section of
Watling Street, a
Roman road from Manchester (
Mamucium) via
Bury to
Ribchester (
Bremetennacum), passes through the city;
a
hoard of over 550 bronze Roman coins dating between 259 AD and 278 AD was discovered in
Boothstown; and a
Romano-British bog body
A bog body is a human cadaver that has been naturally mummified in a peat bog. Such bodies, sometimes known as bog people, are both geographically and chronologically widespread, having been dated to between and the Second World War. Fischer 199 ...
,
Worsley Man
Chat Moss is a large area of peat bog that makes up part of the City of Salford, Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. It also makes up part of Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside and Warrington ...
, was discovered in the
Chat Moss peat bog.
In 1142, a monastic
cell (small monastic house) dedicated to St. Leonard was established in
Kersal.
The 12th century
hundred of Salford
The Salford Hundred (also known as Salfordshire) was one of the subdivisions of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England (see:Hundred (county division). Its name alludes to its judicial centre being the township of Salford (the s ...
was created as Salfordshire in the
historic county of
Lancashire
Lancashire ( , ; abbreviated Lancs) is the name of a historic county, ceremonial county, and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The boundaries of these three areas differ significantly.
The non-metropolitan county of Lancas ...
and survived until the 19th century,
when it was replaced by one of the first
county borough
County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control, similar to the unitary authorities created since the 1990s. An equivalent te ...
s in the country. Salford became a free borough in about 1230, when it was granted a charter as a free borough by the
Earl Ranulph of Chester. The cell in Kersal was sold in 1540 during the
Dissolution of the Monasteries.
A 16th-century
manor house
A manor house was historically the main residence of the lord of the manor. The house formed the administrative centre of a manor in the European feudal system; within its great hall were held the lord's manorial courts, communal meals ...
, called
Kersal Cell
Kersal is a suburb and district of Salford in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, northwest of Manchester and was historically part of the county of Lancashire.
History
Kersal has been variously known as Kereshale, Kershal, Kere ...
, was built on the site of the priory. In the
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I (" Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of r ...
between
King Charles I and
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
, Salford was
Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of gov ...
.
[Cooper (2005), p. 23] Salford was also noted as
Jacobite territory; its inhabitants supported
Charles Edward Stuart's claim to the
Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, wh ...
and hosted him when he rode through the area during the
Jacobite rising of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745, also known as the Forty-five Rebellion or simply the '45 ( gd, Bliadhna Theàrlaich, , ), was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his father, James Francis Edward Stuart. It took ...
.
During the
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
, Salford grew as a result of the textile industry. Although Salford experienced an increase in population, it was overshadowed by the dominance of Manchester and did not evolve as a commercial centre in the same way.
On 15 September 1830,
Eccles was site of the world's first railway accident. During a stop in Eccles to take on water,
William Huskisson, Member of Parliament for Liverpool, had his leg crushed by
Stephenson's ''
Rocket
A rocket (from it, rocchetto, , bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using the surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entir ...
''; at the time he was in conversation with the
Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister ...
, who was opening the railway, and did not get out of the way of the train in time. Although Huskisson was taken to Eccles for treatment he died of his injuries. The six-foot-tall Oglala Sioux tribesman, "Surrounded By the Enemy", died here from a bronchial infection at age twenty-two in 1887 during a tour of
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and was buried at
Brompton Cemetery. In 1894, the
Manchester Ship Canal was opened, running from the
River Mersey to
Salford Quays; when it was complete it was the largest navigation canal in the world. Along the route of the canal, it was necessary to create an aqueduct carrying the
Bridgewater Canal
The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, in North West England. It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 from Wo ...
over the Ship Canal. The
Barton Swing Aqueduct
The Barton Swing Aqueduct is a moveable navigable aqueduct in Barton upon Irwell, Greater Manchester, England. It carries the Bridgewater Canal across the Manchester Ship Canal. The swinging action allows large vessels using the ship canal to p ...
, designed by Sir
Edward Leader Williams, is long and weighs .
At the start of the 20th century, Salford began to decline due to competition from outside the UK. A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford were amongst the worst
slums in the country. Salford was granted
city status in 1926. During World War II, Salford Docks were regularly bombed.
In the decades following the Second World War there was a significant economic and population decline in Salford.
In 1961 a small part of Eccles was added to the city. On 1 April 1974, the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the
Local Government Act 1972, and was replaced by the
metropolitan borough of City of Salford, one of ten local government districts in the new
metropolitan county of
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million; comprising ten metropolitan boroughs: Manchester, Salford, Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tam ...
.
The city status of the new district was confirmed by additional
letters patent issued on the same day. Since the early 1990s, the decline has slowed.
Prior to the metropolitan borough's creation, the name Salford for the new local government district courted controversy. Salford was "thought second-class by those in Eccles", who preferred the new name "Irwell" for the district (with reference to the
River Irwell).
A councillor for the then City and County Borough of Salford objected to this suggestion, stating this label was nothing but "a dirty stinking river".
The name Irwell won 8 votes to Salford's 7, but a private protest and deliberation favoured Salford as the name for the new city, citing that the River Irwell would pass through two other Greater Manchester districts, and that it "doesn't touch
Worsley".
[.]
Geography
The City of Salford is bounded to the north by the
Metropolitan Borough of Bolton and
Metropolitan Borough of Bury. To the south by the
Metropolitan Borough of Trafford
Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, with an estimated population of 235,493 in 2017. It covers Retrieved on 13 December 2007. and includes the area of Old Trafford and the towns of Altrincham, Stretford, Ur ...
and to the west by the
Metropolitan Borough of Wigan.
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...
lies directly across the river from Salford. The natural
mossland of
Chat Moss lies in the south western corner of the city; it covers an area of about , accounting for about 30% of the city's area,
and lies
above sea level. The moss makes up the largest area of prime farmland in Greater Manchester.
Kersal Moor
Kersal Moor is a recreation area in Kersal, Greater Manchester, England which consists of eight hectares of moorland bounded by Moor Lane, Heathlands Road, St. Paul's Churchyard and Singleton Brook.
Kersal Moor, first called Karsey or Carsall ...
is an area of
moorland spanning in Kersal; it is a
local nature reserve and a
Site of Biological Importance.
Greenspace accounts for 55.7% of the City of Salford's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 20.0%, and the rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings.
To the south of Salford are the docks of
Salford Quays, now home to the
MediaCityUK. MediaCityUK is a large area that crosses the boundary into
Trafford Park,
Trafford. Although Salford Quays is in the City of Salford and has created job opportunities and more housing since the 2010s when it was built.
The
River Irwell runs south east through
Kearsley
Kearsley ( ) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. The population at the 2011 census was 14,212. Historically part of Lancashire, it lies northwest of Manchester, southwest of Bury and south of ...
,
Clifton
Clifton may refer to:
People
* Clifton (surname)
* Clifton (given name)
Places
Australia
*Clifton, Queensland, a town
** Shire of Clifton
*Clifton, New South Wales, a suburb of Wollongong
* Clifton, Western Australia
Canada
* Clifton, Nova Sc ...
and Agecroft then
meander
A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex ban ...
s around
Lower Broughton
Broughton is a suburb and district of Salford, City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, on the east bank of the River Irwell, it is northwest of Manchester and south of Prestwich.
Historically in Lancashire, Broughton was a township ...
and
Kersal, Salford Crescent and the
centre of Manchester, joining the rivers
Irk
The River Irk is a river in the historic county of Lancashire in the North West England that flows through the northern most Lancastrian towns of the ceremonial county of Greater Manchester.
It rises to the east of Royton and runs west pas ...
and
Medlock. Turning west, it meets the
Mersey south of
Irlam
Irlam is a suburb in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, it had a population of 19,933. It lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, southwest of Salfo ...
, where the route of the river was altered in the late 19th century to form part of the course of the
Manchester Ship Canal. The ship canal, opened in 1894, forms part of Salford's southern boundaries with
Trafford. The city's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The nearest weather station is away at
Ringway, in Manchester; the mean highest and lowest temperatures ( and ) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall () and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.
Governance
Parliamentary constituencies
The City of Salford is represented by
Members of Parliament (MPs) for three constituencies,
Salford and Eccles
Salford and Eccles is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Rebecca Long-Bailey, a member of the Labour Party.
History
The constituency was created following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Per ...
by
Rebecca Long-Bailey (
Labour),
Worsley and Eccles South
Worsley and Eccles South is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The seat is currently held by Barbara Keeley MP of the Labour Party. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the ...
by
Barbara Keeley (Labour), and the Broughton and Kersal wards of Salford in
Blackley and Broughton by
Graham Stringer
Graham Eric Stringer (born 17 February 1950) is a British Labour Party politician serving as MP for Blackley and Broughton since 1997. Before entering Parliament, he served as leader of Manchester City Council from 1984 to 1996, and chair of ...
(Labour).
Council
In 1974,
Salford City Council
Salford City Council is the local authority of the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council, one of ten in Greater Manchester and one of 36 in the metropolitan counties of England, and provides the maj ...
was created to administer the newly formed local government district. Until 1986, it shared power with the
Greater Manchester County Council. The council offices are in Swinton, in what was formerly
Swinton and Pendlebury
Swinton may refer to:
Places England
* Swinton, Greater Manchester
* Swinton, Harrogate, near Masham, North Yorkshire
** Swinton Estate, including Swinton Park
* Swinton, Ryedale, near Malton, North Yorkshire
* Swinton, South Yorkshire
No ...
Town Hall. The Labour Party have been in control of the council since its formation in 1974.
The council has a constitution detailing how they should operate in performing their duties.
Salford City Council was assessed by the
Audit Commission and judged to be "improving well" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "three star" status meaning it was "performing well" and "consistently above minimum requirements", similar to 46% of all local authorities.
The metropolitan borough of the City of Salford is based on the former
County Borough of the City of Salford which included the city centre,
Pendleton,
Weaste,
Claremont,
Langworthy,
Broughton, Kersal,
Ordsall and
Seedley
Seedley is an inner city suburb of City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England.
Buile Hill Park is a large park in Seedley.
History
The area is mostly made up of terraced housing, dating from the late 19th century and early 20th century. It ...
. The city is entirely
unparished and absorbed the
municipal borough
Municipal boroughs were a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in S ...
s of
Eccles and
Swinton and Pendlebury
Swinton may refer to:
Places England
* Swinton, Greater Manchester
* Swinton, Harrogate, near Masham, North Yorkshire
** Swinton Estate, including Swinton Park
* Swinton, Ryedale, near Malton, North Yorkshire
* Swinton, South Yorkshire
No ...
and the
urban district
Urban district may refer to:
* District
* Urban area
* Quarter (urban subdivision)
* Neighbourhood
Specific subdivisions in some countries:
* Urban districts of Denmark
* Urban districts of Germany
* Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland) (his ...
s of
Irlam
Irlam is a suburb in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, it had a population of 19,933. It lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, southwest of Salfo ...
and
Worsley. An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area.
Since 2012, in addition to the long-existing and largely ceremonial, annually appointed
civic mayor of Salford, the city has also had a
directly elected mayor.
Electoral wards
There are 60 councillors representing 20 wards.
Swinton and
Walkden have six councillors each.
Central Salford and Salford West
The district is divided into two areas (Central Salford and Salford West) for some purposes including planning, regeneration and housing.
*Central Salford is the eastern part of the district and comprises seven wards: Broughton, Claremont, Irwell Riverside, Kersal, Ordsall, Langworthy and Weaste & Seedley. This is the more urban half of the district and lies partly within the
Manchester Inner Ring Road.
Salford Quays lies within this area. Between 2005 and 2011, the Central Salford Urban Regeneration Company was responsible for
urban regeneration in this area, securing over £1 billion of private sector investment. Social housing is provided by
Salix Homes
Salix Homes is a housing association in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester and based in the Langworthy area of the city. It manages 10,500 homes in the Central Salford part of the district which includes Claremont, Weaste, Seedley, Ke ...
in this area.
*Salford West comprises the other 13 wards, including the towns of Eccles, Pendlebury, Swinton and Walkden. This is the more suburban and rural half of the district. Salford City Council's aspiration is that "In 2028, Salford West will be one of the most desirable and prosperous areas in
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million; comprising ten metropolitan boroughs: Manchester, Salford, Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tam ...
." Social housing is provided by
City West Housing Trust
ForHousing formerly City West Housing Trust (CWHT) is a housing association in the City of Salford district. ForHousing is part of the Forviva Group with their head office in Eccles, Greater Manchester. Their homes were previously owned by Salford ...
in this area.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Salford City Council depicts a
weaving shuttle surrounded by five bees with a three masted ship above, on a shield flanked by two lions.
The blue background with a gold
chief
Chief may refer to:
Title or rank
Military and law enforcement
* Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force
* Chief of police, the head of a police department
* Chief of the bo ...
is taken from the arms of the city council of the
County Borough of Salford, who in turn took it from the colours of the
Earl of Chester. The shuttle and five bees represent the industry of the area and five settlements who benefited from the textile industry.
The ship is borrowed from the crest of
Eccles Borough Council and represents the importance of waterways to the city. The ship is flanked by two
millrinds – the iron centres of
millstones – symbolising engineering.
The lions are taken from the crest of the Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury; they are wearing iron steel chain representing engineering. The shield is topped by a
griffin carrying a
pennon depicting three boars' heads. The griffin is taken from the crest of Eccles and the boars are from the crest of
Irlam Urban District
Irlam is a suburb in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, it had a population of 19,933. It lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, southwest of Salfo ...
.
Beneath the shield is a scroll reading ''salus populi suprema lex'', Latin for "the welfare of the people is the highest law".
Budget
In 2017–18, Salford City Council agreed to spend £267 million. They agreed an estimated £79M on children's services (30%); £56M on community health and social care (21%); £40M on levies and charges (15%); £39M on environment and community safety (14%); £36M and on capital financing (13%); £9M on corporate business (3%); £7M on regeneration (3%); and £2M on public health, reform and commissioning (1%). For the 2016–17 financial year, the council's income is expected to consist of £65M including council tax and efficiency savings. The net expenditure is therefore expected to be £202M.
Audit
A Comprehensive Area Assessment by the
Audit Commission in 2009 found that Salford's key priorities are improving health, reducing crime, helping young people achieve
A-level qualifications, social services, including the views of minority groups, improving skills and "making Salford a cleaner and more attractive place to live".
Demography
Ethnicity
At the
2011 UK census, the City of Salford had a total population of 233,933.
Of the 103,556 households in Salford, 25.4% were married or same-sex civil partnership couples living together, 36.4% were one-person households, 11.2% were
co-habiting couples and 13.5% were lone parents. The figures for lone parent households were above the national average of 10.6%, and the percentage of married couples was also below the national average of 33.2%; the proportion of one person households was higher than the national average of 30.3%.
The population density was 24.1 persons per hectare (Salford covers 9,719 hectares), 117,151 (50.1%) female, and 116,782 (49.9%) male. Of those aged 16–74 in Salford, 27.1% had no
academic qualifications, significantly higher than 22.5% in all of England. 11.8% of Salford's residents were born outside the United Kingdom, lower than the national average of 13.8%. The largest minority group was recorded as Asian, at 4.1% of the population.
The number of theft from a vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per 1,000 of the population was 21.3 and 7.9 compared to the English national average of 7.6 and 2.9 respectively.
The number of sexual offences was 1.1 compared to the average of 0.9.
The national average of violence against another person was 16.7 compared to the Salford average of 27.2.
The figures for crime statistics were all recorded during the 2006/7 financial year. Although all were above the averages for England, Salford's crime rate was lower than Manchester's.
Population change
The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data. Although the City of Salford has existed as a metropolitan borough since 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, and
civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...
es that would later be constituent parts of the city.
Religion
The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in the city of Salford.
Salford is covered by the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford, and the Church of England
Diocese of Manchester.
During the mid-19th century, there was an influx of
Irish people
The Irish ( ga, Muintir na hÉireann or ''Na hÉireannaigh'') are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Ireland, who share a common history and culture. There have been humans in Ireland for about 33,000 years, and it has bee ...
into the Salford area, largely due to the famine in Ireland. In 1848,
Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral was consecrated, reflecting Salford's large Irish-born community at the time.
Of Salford's six Grade I listed buildings, three are churches.
St Augustine's Church, Pendlebury, was built in 1874 by
George Frederick Bodley.
The
Church of St Mary the Virgin, in
Eccles, was originally built in the 13th century but was expanded in the 15th. A church has been on the site since at least the 12th century.
St Mark's Church, Worsley
St Mark's Church is an active Anglican parish church in Worsley, Greater Manchester, England. It is part of a team ministry along with St Mary's in Ellenbrook and St Andrew in Boothstown. The church is in the Eccles deanery, the archdeaconry ...
was built in 1846 by
George Gilbert Scott.
The six Grade II* listed churches are the Church of St Andrew in Eccles,
the
Cathedral Church of St John, the
Church of St Luke in Pendleton, Monton Unitarian Church in
Monton, the
Church of St Philip in Salford, and the United Reformed Church.
Economy
Salford Docks (also called Manchester Docks) were opened by
Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...
in 1894, providing docks in Manchester and Salford for the
Manchester Ship Canal which linked Manchester to the sea.
During the 1970s, the docks fell into decline as they proved too small for new, larger ships,
and when they were abandoned in 1982 over 3,000 people lost their jobs.
Salford City Council purchased the docks in 1984 and since then they underwent regeneration as a centre of tourism in Salford, which included the construction of the
Lowry Centre
The Lowry is a theatre and gallery complex at Salford Quays, Salford, Greater Manchester, England. It is named after the early 20th-century painter L. S. Lowry, known for his paintings of industrial scenes in North West England. The complex ope ...
.
More than 10,000 people are employed in the Quays in jobs such as retail, construction, and e-commerce. In 2007, it was confirmed that the
BBC would be moving five of its departments to a new development on Pier 9 of Salford Quays, called
MediaCityUK. The move was completed in 2011.
Finance and professional services, tourism and culture, and computer and internet based services have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...
and Salford. Average house prices in the City of Salford are sixth out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, 7.6% lower than the average for the county. There are, however, areas of considerable affluence, within the city, such as
Broughton Park, parts of Kersal,
Ellesmere Park, Worsley, parts of
Swinton and Pendlebury and the ultra-modern
Salford Quays.
At the 2011 UK census, Salford had 173,117 residents aged 16 to 74. 4.7% of these people were students with jobs, 4.1% looking after home or family, 6.9% permanently sick or disabled and 2.9% economically inactive for other reasons. The City of Salford has a high rate of people who are permanently sick and disabled, 70% higher than the national average of 4.0%.
In 2011, of 106,904 residents of the City of Salford in employment, the industry of employment was: 17.8% retail and wholesale; 7.6% manufacturing;13.7% health and social work; 8.7% education; 7.2% construction; 5.2% transport and storage; 6.6% accommodation and food service; 6.2% administrative and support services; 6.0% professional, scientific and technical; 5.1% public administration and defence; 4.4% financial and insurance; 3.4% information and communication; 1.6% real estate; 0.9% water supply and waste management; 0.6% energy supply; 0.1% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 0.1% mining and quarrying; and 4.7% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting the city's suburban nature and its proximity to the centre of Manchester.
JCDecaux UK has its Manchester office in the Metroplex Business Park in Salford.
Culture
Landmarks
As of September 2003, the City of Salford has 6 Grade I, 14 Grade II*, and 253 Grade II listed buildings.
The city has the equal second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts of Greater Manchester, behind Manchester. The Grade I listed buildings are the
Church of St Augustine, the
Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin,
St Mark's Church,
Ordsall Hall,
Wardley Hall Wardley may refer to:
Organisations
* Wardley (company), a fish food manufacturer
*Wardley, a former merchant banking division of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
People
*John Wardley (born 1950), English concept designer and develop ...
, and a bridge over the River Irwell.
Salford Cathedral, built in 1845, is the seat of the Diocese of Salford and a Grade II* listed building. Most of Salford's tallest buildings are mid-20th century residential
tower blocks or 21st century high rise apartments. A study by Christopher Collier of the
University of Salford suggested that Manchester's
drizzly climate is largely due to the multitude of high-rise blocks in Salford.
Collier has proposed that they have a "dramatic influence on the region's weather patterns", and may contribute to the 8 °C (14 °F) temperature difference between Salford and its surrounding countryside.
There are three Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the city. The oldest is an
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age ( Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age ( Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly ...
promontory fort occupied from 500 BC–200 AD. Also scheduled is
Hanging Bridge
Hanging Bridge is a medieval bridge spanning the Hanging Ditch, which connected the rivers River Irk, Irk and River Irwell, Irwell in Manchester, England. The first reference to the bridge was in 1343, when it was called Hengand Brigge, but the ...
on the border with Manchester, dating to the 14th century, and an underground section of the
Bridgewater Canal
The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, in North West England. It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 from Wo ...
in
Swinton built in 1759.
Sport
Salford is home to a number of past and present
rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 112 ...
teams. Founded in 1873,
Salford Red Devils play in the
Super League at the
AJ Bell Stadium
Salford City Stadium (referred to as the AJ Bell Stadium for sponsorship purposes) is a rugby stadium in Barton-upon-Irwell, England, built to replace Salford rugby league club's ground the Willows for the 2012 season. Sale Sharks rugby unio ...
, in Barton, Salford. They are 6 times Champions and they won the
Challenge Cup in 1938,
and have experienced two previous stretches in the
Super League, 1997–2002 and 2004–2007. In 2008 they won the
Northern Rail Cup beating Doncaster 60–0 in the Final at Blackpool. They previously won the same trophy in 2003. They also won the National League 1 Grand Final in 2008, beating Celtic Crusaders after extra time in Warrington. Construction on a new 20,000 seat £35 million pound stadium was complete in 2012. Now named the AJ Bell stadium it is home to Salford Red Devils and
Sale Sharks rugby union team.
Swinton Lions were founded in 1866 and play in the
Championship at heywood road sale.
They won the
Rugby Football League Championship six times between 1927 and 1964, before it was superseded by Super League. They have also won the Challenge Cup three times between 1900 and 1928.
Broughton Rangers were founded in 1877 and won the Rugby League Challenge Cup in the 1901–02 and 1910–11 seasons.
The club folded in 1955, but were reformed as a local amateur club in 2007 with the support of Salford Red Devils.
At amateur level, the city is represented in rugby league by the
Langworthy Reds. They are the oldest amateur rugby league club in Salford.
Also in Salford are several football and cricket teams.
Irlam F.C.
Irlam Football Club is a football club based in Irlam, within the city of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. They are currently members of the and play at Silver Street.
History
The club was established in October 1969 as Mitchell Shackle ...
is an amateur football team that has played in the
Manchester Football League since 1989. They were founded in 1969 as Mitchell Shackleton Football Club and changed their name in 2006.
Salford City F.C.
Salford City Football Club is a professional football club in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The club competes in League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system.
The club was founded as Salford Central in 1940, and pl ...
was founded in 1940 and play in the
Football League Two
The English Football League Two (often referred to as League Two for short or Sky Bet League Two for sponsorship purposes, and known as the Football League Two from 2004 until 2016) is the third and lowest division of the English Football L ...
.
Monton & Weaste C.C. and
Clifton C.C. have played in the
Central Lancashire Cricket League since 2005 and 2006 respectively. Walkden play in the
Bolton Cricket League.
Little Hulton play in the Bolton and District Cricket Association.
Winton and Worsley play in the Manchester and District Cricket Association.
Education
Overall, Salford was ranked 75th out of all the
Local Education Authorities (LEAs) – and seventh in Greater Manchester – in
National Curriculum assessment performance in 2007. Unauthorised absences and authorised absences from Salford secondary schools in 2006–07 were 2.0% and 7.0% respectively, both higher than the national average (1.4% and 6.4%). In 2007, the Salford LEA was ranked 127th out of 149 in the country – and ninth in Greater Manchester – based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*–C grades at
General Certificate of Secondary Education
The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification in a particular subject, taken in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. State schools in Scotland use the Scottish Qualifications Certificate instead. Private sc ...
(GCSE) including maths and English (37.8% compared with the national average of 46.7%). In 2007, Beis Yaakov High School was the most successful school in Salford at GCSE, with 90% of the pupils gaining five or more GCSEs at A*–C grade including maths and English. Bridgewater School was the most successful at A–level.
The
University of Salford is one of four universities in Greater Manchester and was ranked 81st by ''
The Times
''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper '' The Sunday Times'' ( ...
''. It has over 19,000 students and a 69.7% level of student satisfaction. In 2007, the university received nearly 17,000 applications for 3,660 places.
The university is undergoing £150M of redevelopment through investment in new facilities, including a £10M law school and a £22M building for health and social care which were opened in 2006.
In 2007, the drop out rate from the university was 25%. Of the students graduating, 50% gained
first class or
2:1 degrees,
which is below the national average of about 55%.
Transport
The city of Salford is served by nine railway stations on four routes.
Eccles and
Patricroft are on the northern route of the
Liverpool to Manchester Line, while
Irlam
Irlam is a suburb in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, it had a population of 19,933. It lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, southwest of Salfo ...
, in the southwest of the borough, is on the southern route.
Clifton
Clifton may refer to:
People
* Clifton (surname)
* Clifton (given name)
Places
Australia
*Clifton, Queensland, a town
** Shire of Clifton
*Clifton, New South Wales, a suburb of Wollongong
* Clifton, Western Australia
Canada
* Clifton, Nova Sc ...
is on the
line to Bolton and Preston;
Swinton,
Moorside and
Walkden are on the
Manchester to Southport Line
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of City of Salford, Salford to ...
via Wigan; and
Salford Central and
Salford Crescent are served by both routes. A station at
Pendleton was closed in 1998 after suffering fire damage and a loss of patronage in favour of nearby Salford Crescent, opened a few years earlier. All train services are provided by
Northern
Northern may refer to the following:
Geography
* North, a point in direction
* Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe
* Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States
* Northern Province, Sri Lanka
* Northern Range, a r ...
, though First transpennine offer occasional services during peak hours.
The Eccles line of the
Manchester Metrolink runs through the City of Salford, with stations at
Exchange Quay,
Salford Quays,
Anchorage,
Harbour City,
Broadway,
Langworthy,
Weaste,
Ladywell and
Eccles. The line was opened in two stages, in 1999 and 2000, as Phase 2 of the system's development. In 2010 a new tram stop was opened at MediaCityUK, a 1 stop spur off the main Eccles line. Trams operate from here to
Etihad Campus
Etihad Campus is an area of Sportcity, Manchester which is mostly owned and operated by Manchester City Football Club. The campus includes the Etihad Stadium, the City Football Academy (CFA) training facility and club world headquarters, and ...
, sharing most of the route with the Eccles to Ashton line. Some Eccles and Ashton bound services also stop here, especially during peak hours. These lines provide good access for Eccles and the Quays to the rest of Greater Manchester.
There are bus stations at
Pendleton and
Eccles. Buses run to destinations throughout the city, across Greater Manchester and further afield: Pendleton is served by a route to
Preston
Preston is a place name, surname and given name that may refer to:
Places
England
*Preston, Lancashire, an urban settlement
**The City of Preston, Lancashire, a borough and non-metropolitan district which contains the settlement
**County Boro ...
, Eccles Interchange is next to the Metrolink stop.
The council is responsible for the administration and maintenance of public roads and footpaths in the city.
Since 2020, electric scooters have been available for public hire in central Salford, Salford Quays, Ordsall, Pendleton and at the University of Salford. The e-scooter hire service is operated by shared micromobility company
Lime.
Notable people
*
Mark E. Smith (1957-2018), leader of post-punk band
The Fall
*
Harry Williams (born 1929), footballer
Twin towns
The City of Salford has formal
twinning arrangements with four European places and one in Canada. Each was originally twinned with a place within the city prior to its creation in 1974.
*
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (, ; ; oc, label= Auvergnat, Clarmont-Ferrand or Clharmou ; la, Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 146,734 (2018). Its metropolitan area (''aire d'attrac ...
, France (originally twinned with
County Borough of Salford in 1966)
*
Lünen, Germany (
Municipal Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury
Swinton and Pendlebury was a local government district of the administrative county of Lancashire, England. It was created in 1894 as an urban district and enlarged in 1934, gaining the status of a municipal borough.
Before the new town hall was ...
, 1966)
*
Narbonne, France (
Municipal Borough of Eccles
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
, 1957)
*
Saint-Ouen, France (Worsley Urban District, 1961)
*
Oattessel, Canada (Jaques Urban District, 1977)
Freedom of the City
The following people and military units have received the
Freedom of the City of Salford.
Individuals
*
Benjamin Armitage: January 1899.
*
Benn Wolfe Levy: January 1899.
*
Rt Hon David Lloyd George: October 1922.
*
Rt Hon Lord Colwyn: July 1933.
*
Edward Arthur Hardy : January 1960.
*
L. S. Lowry: March 1965.
*
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies: November 2004.
*
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: 30 November 2005.
*
Ryan Giggs: January 2010.
*
Harold Riley: 15 November 2017.
*
Mike Leigh
Mike Leigh (born 20 February 1943) is an English film and theatre director, screenwriter and playwright. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and further at the Camberwell School of Art, the Central School of Art and Des ...
: 24 July 2019.
* Ben Wallsworth: 30 October 2019.
Military units
Military units:
* The
Lancashire Fusiliers: 18 October 1947.
* The
Royal Regiment of Fusiliers: 26 April 1975.
See also
*
2006 Salford Council election
*
Salford local elections
Salford City Council elections are generally held three years out of every four, with a third of the council being elected each time. Salford City Council is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of City of Salford, Salford in Greater Ma ...
*
Mayor of Salford
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
www.salford.gov.uk Salford City Council
www.visitsalford.info Visit Salford
www.tvsalford.com TVSalford, Salford's Community TV Channel
www.salfordonline.com Video news and features about the City of Salford
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salford, City Of
Districts of England established in 1974
Cities in North West England
Metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester