In 1984, the

International Organization for Succulent Plant Study The International Organization for Succulent Plant Study (IOS) describes itself as a "non-governmental organization promoting the study and conservation of succulent and allied plants and encouraging collaboration among scientists and curators ...

set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the

cactus A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

family, down to the level of

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

. Their classification has been used as the basis for systems published since the mid-1990s. Treatments in the 21st century have generally divided the family into around 125–130 genera and 1,400–1,500 species, which are then arranged in a number of

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

s and

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

. However, subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that a very high proportion of the higher

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

(genera, tribes and subfamilies) are not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

, i.e. they do not contain all of the descendants of a common ancestor. , the internal classification of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.

Overview

The classification of the family Cactaceae remains uncertain . Since the mid-1990s, the system produced by the International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) of the

has been used as the basis of many published classifications. Detailed treatments produced in the 21st century have divided the family into around 125–130 genera and 1,400–1,500 species, which are then arranged into a number of tribes and subfamilies. The ICSG classification of the family recognizes four subfamilies:

Pereskioideae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

(consisting only of the genus ''

Pereskia ''Pereskia'' is a small genus of about four species of cacti that do not look much like other types of cacti, having substantial leaves and non-succulent stems. The genus is named after Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, a 16th-century French bota ...

''),

Opuntioideae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Maihuenioideae ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high elev ...

(consisting only of the genus ''

Maihuenia ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high ele ...

'') and

Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification inc ...

. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that ''

'' is not

(i.e. its species are not the complete set of descendants of a common ancestor), so that

is not monophyletic although the three other subfamilies are. The

Bayesian Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/; c. 1701 – 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher, and Presbyterian minister. Bayesian () refers either to a range of concepts and approaches that relate to statistical methods based on Bayes' theorem, or a followe ...

consensus

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ...

from a 2005 study is shown below: Five tribes have been recognized within the subfamily

Tephrocacteae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Pterocacteae ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

Austrocylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Cylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

and

Opuntieae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

. All but the first,

, were shown to be "essentially monophyletic" in molecular phylogenetic study in 2009. A summary of the consensus

Bayesian tree Bayesian inference of phylogeny combines the information in the prior and in the data likelihood to create the so-called posterior probability of trees, which is the probability that the tree is correct given the data, the prior and the likelihood ...

is shown below (tribes are bold; the number of species in the study is shown in parentheses). Many of the genera within the

are not monophyletic. ''

Maihueniopsis ''Maihueniopsis'' (from Greek ''opsis'', "view", referring to its resemblance to the unrelated ''Maihuenia'') is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), containing 18 species. The former genus ''Puna'' R.Kiesling is now synonym to ''Maihueni ...

'' is highly

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

, appearing in four separate lineages. The two largest genera within the subfamily, ''

Opuntia ''Opuntia'', commonly called prickly pear or pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Prickly pears are also known as ''tuna'' (fruit), ''sabra'', ''nopal'' (paddle, plural ''nopales'') from the Nahuatl word f ...

'' and ''

Cylindropuntia ''Cylindropuntia'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing species commonly known as chollas, native to northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. They are known for their barbed spines that tenaciously attach to skin, fur, a ...

'' are also not monophyletic. The classification of the

is thus uncertain ; Griffith and Porter say that changes in classification will require "broad information (of multiple data types) regarding all species of opuntioid cacti". The ICSG classification divides the subfamily

into nine tribes. However, phylogenetic research has not supported most of these tribes, nor even the genera of which they are composed. A 2011 study found that "an extraordinarily high proportion of genera" were not monophyletic, including 22 (61%) of the 36 genera in the subfamily Cactoideae sampled in the research. Of the nine tribes recognized within Cactoideae, one,

Calymmantheae ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique a ...

, comprises a single genus, ''

Calymmanthium ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique ...

''. Of the remaining eight, only two (

Cacteae Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insi ...

and

Rhipsalideae The Rhipsalideae are a small tribe of cacti, comprising four genera (and around 60 species). They grow on trees (epiphytes) or on rocks (lithophytes), where they either hang down or form creeping or upright shrubs. Their flowers open in the day ...

) have been shown to be monophyletic. A summary of the cladograms for the Cactoideae presented in a 2011 paper is shown below (ICSG tribes in bold). The classification of the Cactaceae thus remains subject to change, from the genus level upwards. In 2016, David Hunt wrote that "the advent of molecular systematic studies in the past two decades will hopefully have a stabilizing effect on classification in due course, but has so far had the opposite effect".

Nyffler and Eggli (2010) classification

In 2010, Nyffler and Eggli produced a classification based on an explicit phylogeny. The broad outlines of their cladogram agree with that of Hern et al. (2011), shown above, although some details are different. Their classification corresponds to the cladogram shown below. The table below shows how the genera recognized by Nyffler and Eggli are placed into their subfamilies and tribes (they also use some subtribes, not shown here). The column headed "Older tribe (if different)" shows the ICSG classification of the subfamily Cactoideae (as presented by Anderson in 2001) with a 2002 classification of the subfamily Opuntioideae. There are differences in the genera recognized in the systems; where the older system does not recognize the genus, "–" is shown.

Earlier classification

Unless otherwise indicated, the subfamily placement of the genera listed here is based on Anderson's 2001 presentation of the ICSG classification, as is the tribal placement of the genera of the subfamily Cactoideae. The division of the subfamily Opuntioideae into tribes is additional to the ICSG system.

Subfamily
Pereskioideae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

*''

'' Mill. :synonyms: ''Peirescia'' Zucc. (orth. var.), ''Peireskia''

Steud. Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel (30 May 1783 – 12 May 1856) was a German physician and an authority on grasses. Biography Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel was born at Esslingen am Neckar in Baden-Württemberg. He was educated at the University of Tübi ...

(orth. var.), ''Perescia'' Lem. (orth. var.), ''Rhodocactus'' (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth

Subfamily
Opuntioideae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Tribe
Austrocylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

*''

Austrocylindropuntia ''Austrocylindropuntia'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae) with 11 recognized species, which were once included in the genus ''Opuntia''. Some are native to South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisph ...

'' Backeb. *''

Cumulopuntia ''Cumulopuntia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae). This is a poorly defined genus, with constant change to what species fall under it and whether it should even be a separate genus from Opuntia, which it is often interchanged with. It was ...

'' F.Ritter

Tribe
Cylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

*''

'' (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth – chollas *''

Grusonia ''Grusonia'' is a genus of opuntioid cacti (family Cactaceae), originating from the North American Deserts in Southwest United States and northern Mexico, including Baja California. Authors differ on precise boundaries of the genus, which has b ...

'' F.Rchb. ex Britton & Rose :including ''Corynopuntia'' F.M.Knuth, ''Micropuntia'' Daston *''

Pereskiopsis ''Pereskiopsis'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) in the subfamily Opuntioideae. Unlike typical cacti, it has persistent fleshy leaves. The genus name refers to its resemblance to the genus ''Pereskia''. Most species are found in Mexico s ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Peireskiopsis'' Vaupel (orth. var.) *''

Quiabentia ''Quiabentia'' is a genus of cacti, closely related to ''Pereskiopsis''. Species Species of the genus ''Quiabentia'' according to Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botan ...

'' Britton & Rose

Tribe
Opuntieae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

*''

Brasiliopuntia ''Brasiliopuntia'' is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains only one species, ''Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis''. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, Peru and northern Argentina, and has become naturalized in Florida a ...

'' (K.Schum.) A.Berger *'' Consolea'' Lem. *'' Miqueliopuntia'' Fric ex F.Ritter *''

'' Mill. – prickly pears :synonyms: ''Airampoa'' Fric, ''Cactodendron'' Bigelow,

nom. inval. This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary o ...

, ''Cactus'' Lem., ''Chaffeyopuntia'' Fric &

Schelle :''Schelle is also the German name for Šaľa, Slovakia.'' Schelle () is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Schelle proper. In 2021, Schelle had a total population of 8,559. The t ...

, ''Clavarioidia'' Kreuz. (nom. inval.), ''Ficindica'' St.-Lag., ''Nopalea'' Salm-Dyck, ''Parviopuntia'' Soulaire & Marn.-Lap. (nom. inval.), ''Phyllarthus'' Neck. ex M.Gómez (nom. inval.), ''Salmiopuntia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Subulatopuntia'' Fric & Schelle, ''Tunas'' Lunell, ''Weberiopuntia'' Fric :including ''Nopalea'' Salm-Dyck *'' Salmonopuntia'' P.V.Heath *''

Tacinga ''Tacinga'' is a genus in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to northeast Brazil (from northeast Minas Gerais to southern Rio Grande do Norte, including Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraíba). Once thought to be monotypic In biol ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Tunilla ''Airampoa'' is a South American genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae). Species Species of the genus ''Airampoa'' according to Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic ...

'' D.R.Hunt & Iliff

Tribe
Pterocacteae ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

*''

Pterocactus ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

'' K.Schum.

Tribe
Tephrocacteae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

*''

'' Speg. :including ''Puna'' R.Kiesling *''

Tephrocactus ''Tephrocactus'' (from Greek language, Greek ''tephra'', "ash", referring to the color of these plants' Epidermis (botany), epidermis) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactus, Cactaceae). Species Species of the genus ''Tephrocactus'' according to ...

'' Lem. :synonyms: ''Pseudotephrocactus'' Fric

Subfamily
Maihuenioideae ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high elev ...

*''

'' (Phil. ex F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum.

Subfamily
Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification inc ...

Tribe Browningieae

*''

Armatocereus ''Armatocereus'' (from Latin ''armatus'', "armed" and ''cereus'', "pliant/soft") is a genus of mostly tree-like cacti from South America (Ecuador and Peru). These species have a conspicuous constriction at the end of the annual growth. The flowe ...

Backeb. Curt Backeberg (2 August 1894 in Lüneburg, Germany – 14 January 1966) was a German horticulturist especially known for the collection and classification of cactus, cacti. Biography He travelled extensively through Central and South America, an ...

*''

Browningia ''Browningia'' is a genus of cacti, comprising 11 accepted and 3 unresolved species. It is named for Webster E Browning (1869-1942), director of the Instituto Inglés, Santiago, Chile. Synonymy Synonyms of this genus are: *''Azureocereus'' Ak ...

'' Cárdenas, ''Gymnocereus''

Rauh Werner Rauh (16 May 1913 in Niemegk (district Bitterfeld), Niemegk – 7 April 2000 in Heidelberg) was an internationally renowned German biologist, botanist and author. Biography Born in the town of Niemegk (district Bitterfeld), Niemegk near Bit ...

& Backeb. *''

Jasminocereus ''Jasminocereus'' (meaning "jasmine-like cereus", referring to the flowers) is a genus of cacti with only one species, ''Jasminocereus thouarsii'', endemic to the Galápagos Islands, territorially a part of Ecuador. In English it is often called ...

'' Britton &

Rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

*''

Neoraimondia ''Neoraimondia'' is a genus of medium to large cacti from Peru. The genus is named after the Italian-born Peruvian explorer, naturalist, and scientist, Antonio Raimondi. It is a psychoactive cacti and its different cacti have been known to co ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Neocardenasia'' Backeb. *'' Stetsonia'' Britton & Rose

Tribe
Cacteae Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insi ...

*''

Acharagma ''Acharagma'' is a genus of two cactus species from northern Mexico. Description These cacti are usually solitary but sometimes occur in small clusters. The globose stems tend to be about 3–7 cm in diameter. The ribs have tubercles, wit ...

'' ( N.P.Taylor)

Glass Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent, amorphous solid that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics. Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of ...

*''

Ariocarpus ''Ariocarpus'' is a small genus of succulent, subtropical plants of the family Cactaceae. The name comes from the ancient Greek "aria" (an oak type) and "carpos" (=fruit) because of the resemblance of the fruit of the two genus in acorn form. A ...

Scheidw. – living rock :synonyms: ''Anhalonium''

Lem. Charles Antoine Lemaire (1 November 1800, in Paris – 22 June 1871, in Paris), was a French botanist and botanical author, noted for his publications on Cactaceae. Education Born the son of Antoine Charles Lemaire and Marie Jeanne Davio, he ha ...

, ''Neogomesia'' Castañeda, ''Neogomezia'' Buxb. (orth. var.), ''Roseocactus'' A.Berger, ''Stromatocactus'' Karw. ex Rümpler (nom. inval.) Astrophytum myriostigma

*''

Astrophytum ''Astrophytum'' is a genus of six species of cacti, native to North America. These species are sometimes referred to as living rocks, though the term is also used for other genera, particularly ''Lithops'' (Aizoaceae). The generic name is der ...

'' Lem. :synonyms: ''Astrophyton'' Lawr. (orth. var.), ''Maierocactus'' E.C.Rost *''

Aztekium The genus ''Aztekium'' contains three species of small globular cactus. Discovered in 1929 by F. Ritter, in Rayones, Nuevo León, Mexico, this genus was thought to be monotypic (with ''Aztekium ritteri'') until a second species ('' Aztekium hint ...

'' Boed. * ''Cochemiea'' ( K.Brandegee)

Walton Walton may refer to: People * Walton (given name) * Walton (surname) * Susana, Lady Walton (1926–2010), Argentine writer Places Canada *Walton, Nova Scotia, a community ** Walton River (Nova Scotia) *Walton, Ontario, a hamlet United Kingdom ...

– see ''

Mammillaria ''Mammillaria'' is one of the largest genera in the cactus family (Cactaceae), with currently 200 known species and varieties recognized. Most of the mammillaria are native to Mexico, but some come from the southwest United States, the Caribbean ...

'' *''

Coryphantha ''Coryphantha'' (from Greek, "flowering on the top"), or beehive cactus, is a genus of small to middle-sized, globose or columnar cacti. The genus is native to arid parts of Central America, Mexico, through Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas ...

'' (

Engelm. George Engelmann, also known as Georg Engelmann, (2 February 1809 – 4 February 1884) was a German-American botanist. He was instrumental in describing the flora (plants), flora of the west of North America, then very poorly known to Europeans; ...

) Lem. – beehive cactus :synonyms: ''Aulacothele'' Monv. (nom. inval.), ''Cumarinia'' Buxb., ''Glandulifera'' (

Salm-Dyck Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a small County of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory was the area around Dyck (south-east of Mönchengladbach) in present North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a partition of Salm-Reifferschei ...

) Fric, ''Lepidocoryphantha'' Backeb., ''Roseia'' Fric (nom. inval.) *''

Echinocactus ''Echinocactus'' is a genus of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. The generic name derives from the Ancient Greek εχινος (''echinos''), meaning "spiny," and ''cactus''. It and ''Ferocactus'' are the two genera of barrel cactus. Members of ...

'' Link &

Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fro ...

– barrel cactus :synonyms: ''Brittonrosea'' Speg., ''Echinofossulocactus'' Lawr., ''Homalocephala'' Britton & Rose *''

Echinomastus ''Echinomastus'' (meaning "spiny breast") is a genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Epithelantha ''Epithelantha'' (button cactus) is a genus of cactus that is native to north-eastern Mexico, and the south-western United States from western Texas to Arizona. There are eight species recognised in the genus ''Epithelantha''. The name ''Epithela ...

'' F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose – pingpong ball cactus *''

Escobaria ''Escobaria'', pincushion cactus or foxtail cactus is a genus of low-growing cacti that range from the southernmost parts of central and western Canada through northern Mexico, with one species in Cuba. The genus comprises about 23 species. The ...

'' Britton & Rose – foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus :synonyms: ''Cochiseia'' W.H.Earle, ''Escobesseya''

Hester Hester is both a female given name and a surname. As a given name Hester is a variant of Esther. As a surname it is of Germanic origin and uncertain meaning, possible roots being the Middle High German ''heister'' beech tree indicating residence ne ...

, ''Fobea'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Neobesseya'' Britton & Rose *''

Ferocactus ''Ferocactus'' is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers. There are about 30 species included in the genus. They are found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Description The y ...

'' Britton & Rose – barrel cactus :synonyms: ''Bisnaga''

Orcutt Orcutt is an unincorporated town and census-designated place located in the Santa Maria Valley in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Orcutt is named for William Warren Orcutt, the manager of the Geological, Land and Engineering Dep ...

, ''Brittonia'' C.A.Armstr. (nom. inval.) *''

Geohintonia ''Geohintonia mexicana'' (discovered in 1992) is a species of cacti, the only species in the genus ''Geohintonia''. This genus is named after its discoverer George S. Hinton. As its specific epithet suggests, the plant is found in Mexico ( Nuevo ...

& W.A.Fitz Maur. *''

Leuchtenbergia ''Leuchtenbergia'' is a genus of cactus which has only one species, ''Leuchtenbergia principis'' (agave cactus or prism cactus). It is native to north-central Mexico ( San Luis Potosi, Chihuahua). The genus is named after Maximilian Eugen Joseph ...

Hook. Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...

*''

Lophophora ''Lophophora'' () is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its area range covers southern through northeastern and north-central Mexico to Querétaro in central Mexico. The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty ye ...

J.M.Coult. John Merle Coulter, Ph. D. (November 20, 1851 – December 23, 1928) was an American botanist and educator. In his career in education administration, Coulter is notable for serving as the president of Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana Univ ...

– peyote

*''

'' Haw. – fishhook cactus, globe cactus, pincushion cactus, bird's-nest cactus :synonyms: ''Bartschella'' Britton & Rose, ''Cactus'' L., ''Chilita'' Orcutt, ''Cochemiea'' ( K.Brandegee)

, ''Dolichothele'' (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, ''Ebnerella'' Buxb., ''Haagea'' Fric, ''Krainzia'' Backeb., ''Lactomammillaria'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Leptocladia'' Buxb., ''Leptocladodia'' Buxb., ''Mamillaria'' F.Rchb. (orth. var.), ''Mamillopsis'' ( E.Morren) F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose, ''Mammariella''

Shafer Schaefer is an alternative spelling and cognate for the German language, German word Wikt:Schäfer, ''schäfer'', meaning Wikt:shepherd, 'shepherd', which itself descends from the Old High German ''Wikt:scāphare, scāphare''. Variants "Shaefer", " ...

(nom. inval.), ''Mammilaria'' Torr. &

A.Gray Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century. His '' Darwiniana'' was considered an important explanation of how religion and science were not necessarily mutually exc ...

(orth. var.), ''Neomammillaria'' Britton & Rose, ''Oehmea'' Buxb., ''Phellosperma'' Britton & Rose, ''Porfiria'' Boed., ''Pseudomammillaria'' Buxb., ''Solisia'' Britton & Rose *''

Mammilloydia ''Mammilloydia'' is a genus of cactus containing the sole species ''Mammilloydia candida'', the snowball cactus., p. 450 Description ''Mammilloydia candida'' is green, globe-shaped, but with age it becomes almost cylindrical. It can reach a diame ...

'' Buxb. *''

Neolloydia ''Neolloydia'' is a formerly recognized genus of cacti. The genus was first erected by Britton and Rose in 1922. Edward F. Anderson regarded ''Neolloydia'' as being poorly defined, with the result that species that had at times been included in ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Napina'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Pseudosolisia'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.) *''

Obregonia ''Obregonia'', the artichoke cactus, is a monotypic genus of cacti, containing the species ''Obregonia denegrii''. The species is endemic to the state of Tamaulipas in Mexico. The genus ''Obregonia'' is named after Álvaro Obregón, while the ...

'' Fric *''

Ortegocactus ''Cochemiea macdougallii'' is a species of cactus in the genus '' Cochemiea''. The plant has a greenish-gray epidermis and black spines. It is only known from Oaxaca, Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, ...

'' Alexander *''

Pediocactus ''Pediocactus'' (Greek: πεδίον (pedion) means "plain", "flat", "field") is a genus of cacti. The genus comprises between 6 and 11 species, depending upon the authority. Species of this genus are referred to as hedgehog cacti, though that ...

'' Britton & Rose – hedgehog cactus :synonyms: ''Navajoa'' Croizat, ''Pilocanthus'' B.W.Benson & Backeb. *''

Pelecyphora ''Pelecyphora'' is a genus of cacti, comprising 2 species. They originate from Mexico. ''Pelecyphora'' is known for its medicinal properties and may have been utilized as a psychoactive in the same way as ''Lophophora williamsii''. It is know ...

'' C.Ehrenb. :synonyms: ''Encephalocarpus'' A.Berger Sclerocactus glaucus fh 29 41 COL B

*''

Sclerocactus ''Sclerocactus'' ("hard cactus", from Greek; refers to the hard, dry fruit) is a genus of cacti. It comprises about 15 species, the exact number depending on the authority. These species are very xerophytic. They are sometimes called 'fishhook ...

'' Britton & Rose – fishhook cactus :synonyms: ''Ancistrocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Coloradoa'' Boissev. & C.Davidson, ''Glandulicactus'' Backeb., ''Toumeya'' Britton & Rose *''

Stenocactus ''Stenocactus'' is a genus of cacti in the Cactaceae family. Synonymy The following genera have been brought into synonymy with ''Stenocactus'': *''Echinofossulocactus'' Britton & Rose *''Efossus'' Orcutt Orcutt is an unincorporated town an ...

'' (K.Schum.) A.W.Hill :synonyms: ''Echinofossulocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Efossus'' Orcutt (orth. var.) *'' Strombocactus'' Britton & Rose *''

Thelocactus ''Thelocactus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Members of the genus are native to the arid lands of Central and Northern Mexico. Description ''Thelocactus'' species are globe-shaped, short and cylindrical. They ...

'' (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Hamatocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Thelomastus'' Fric (nom. inval.) *''

Turbinicarpus ''Turbinicarpus'' is a genus of very small to medium-sized cacti, which inhabit the north-eastern regions of Mexico, in particular the states of San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Coahuila, Tamaulipas and Zacatecas. ...

'' (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. – top cactus :synonyms: ''Gymnocactus'' Backeb., ''Normanbokea'' Kladiwa & Buxb., ''Rapicactus'' Buxb. & Oehme

Tribe
Calymmantheae ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique a ...

*''

F.Ritter Friedrich Ritter (9 May 1898 – 9 April 1989) was a German Botany, botanist who collected and described many species of cacti. ''Ritterocereus'' is named in his honour. References

1898 births 1989 deaths {{botanist-stub ...

:synonyms: ''Diploperianthium'' F.Ritter (nom. inval.)

Tribe
Cereeae Cereeae are a tribe of cactus belonging to the Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae r ...

*'' Aylostera'' :synonyms: ''Digitorebutia'' Frič & Kreuz. ex Buining, ''Mediolobivia'' Backeb. *'' Arrojadoa'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Pierrebraunia'' Esteves *''

Brasilicereus ''Brasilicereus'' is a genus of cactus, cacti known only from Brazil and comprising 2 species. Species References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q140077 Cactoideae Cactoideae genera Cacti of South America Endemic flora of Brazil ...

'' Backeb. *'' Cereus''

Mill. Philip Miller FRS (1691 – 18 December 1771) was an English botanist and gardener of Scottish descent. Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden for nearly 50 years from 1722, and wrote the highly popular '' The Gardeners Dict ...

– sweet potato cactus :synonyms: ''Mirabella'' F.Ritter, ''Piptanthocereus'' (A.Berger) Riccob., ''Subpilocereus'' Backeb. *''

Cipocereus ''Cipocereus'' is a genus of cacti from Brazil. These species were previously included in the genera '' Pilosocereus'' and '' Cereus''. Species Synonymy The genus ''Floribunda'' F.Ritter Friedrich Ritter (9 May 1898 – 9 April 1989) was a Germ ...

'' F.Ritter :synonyms: ''Floribunda'' F.Ritter *''

Coleocephalocereus ''Coleocephalocereus'' is a genus of erect and semi-erect columnar cactus, cacti from Brazil. These species develop a cephalium with wool and bristles. They are common to the inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, and can comprise a do ...

'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Buiningia'' Buxb. Melocactus matanzanus

*''

Melocactus ''Melocactus'' (melon cactus), also known as the Turk's cap cactus, is a genus of cactus with about 30–40 species. They are native to the Caribbean, western Mexico through Central America to northern South America, with some species along the A ...

'' Link & Otto :synonyms: ''Cactus'' Britton & Rose *'' Micranthocereus'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Austrocephalocereus'' Backeb., ''Siccobaccatus'' P.J.Braun & Esteves *'' Pilosocereus'' Byles & G. D. Rowley – tree cactus :synonyms: ''Pilocereus'' K.Schum., ''Pseudopilocereus'' Buxb. *'' Praecereus'' Buxb. *''

Reicheocactus ''Reicheocactus'', is a monotypic genus of cactus in the family Cactaceae, native to north western Argentina. It has only one known species; ''Reicheocactus famatimensis'' It is usually solitary or slowly clumping and slow growing. The stems are ...

'' Backeb. *''

Stephanocereus ''Stephanocereus'' is genus of cactus from Brazil, related to '' Arrojadoa''. This genus was monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one ...

'' A.Berger *''

Uebelmannia ''Uebelmannia'' is genus of cactus A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, ...

Buining Albert Frederik Hendrik Buining (25 August 1901 in Groningen – 9 May 1976) was a Dutch botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytolog ...

Tribe
Hylocereeae The Hylocereeae are a tribe of cacti. Most are found in the tropical forests of Central and northern South America, and are climbers or epiphytes, unlike most cacti. The tribe includes between six and eight genera in different circumscriptions ...

*''

Disocactus ''Disocactus'' is a genus of epiphytic cacti in the tribe Hylocereeae found in Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. It should not be confused with ''Discocactus'', which is a different genus. Species of ''Disocactus'' gro ...

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...

:synonyms: ''Aporocactus'' Lem., ''Aporocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Bonifazia''

Standl. Paul Carpenter Standley (March 21, 1884 – June 2, 1963) was an American botanist known for his work on neotropical plants. __TOC__ Standley was born on March 21, 1884 in Avalon, Missouri. He attended Drury College in Springfield, Missouri an ...

& Steyerm., ''Chiapasia'' Britton & Rose, ''Disisocactus''

Kunze Kunz, Künz, or Kunze is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Kunz (singer) (Marco Kunz, born 1985), Swiss singer *Adrian Kunz (born 1967), Swiss international footballer * Alfred Kunz (Catholic priest) (1931–1998), American murde ...

(orth. var.), ''Disocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Heliocereus'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, ''Lobeira'' Alexander, ''Mediocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Nopalxochia'' Britton & Rose, ''Pseudonopalxochia'' Backeb., ''Trochilocactus'' Linding., ''Wittia'' K.Schum., ''Wittiocactus'' Rauschert Epiphyllum anguliger (as Phyllocactus darrahii) 91b

Epiphyllum anguliger (as Phyllocactus darrahii) 91b

*''

Epiphyllum ''Epiphyllum'' (; "upon the leaf" in Greek) is a genus of epiphytic plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae), native to Central America and South America. Common names for these species include climbing cacti, orchid cacti and leaf cacti, though ...

'' Haw. – climbing cactus :synonyms: ''Phyllocactus'' Link, ''Phyllocereus''

Miq. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Groni ...

*''

Hylocereus ''Hylocereus'' is a former genus of epiphytic cactus, cacti, often referred to as night-blooming cactus (though the term is also used for many other cacti). Several species previously placed in the genus have large edible fruits, which are known ...

'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose – nightblooming cactus :synonyms: ''Wilmattea'' Britton & Rose *''

Pseudorhipsalis ''Pseudorhipsalis'' is genus of cacti. This genus is often included in ''Disocactus''. It is epiphytic, many branched, and elongated with flattened, serrated cladodes. In its early life, it stands erect, but soon becomes prostrate. It produces n ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Selenicereus ''Selenicereus'', sometimes known as moonlight cactus, is a genus of epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial cacti, found in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. The term night-blooming cereus is also sometimes use ...

'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose – moonlight cactus, nightblooming cereus :synonyms: ''Cryptocereus'' Alexander, ''Deamia'' Britton & Rose, ''Marniera'' Backeb., ''Mediocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Strophocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Strophocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.) *''

Weberocereus ''Weberocereus'' is genus of cacti. It produces a green and white flower and is found mainly in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Description The species of the genus ''Weberocereus'' grows climbing or hanging, epiphytic or lithophytic. Their shoots, whi ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Eccremocactus'' Britton & Rose, ''Eccremocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Werckleocereus'' Britton & Rose

Tribe Notocacteae

*''

Austrocactus ''Austrocactus'' is a genus of cacti with ten species endemic of southern South America, in Argentina and Chile. They have solitary or branched bodies, the ribs are usually divided into tubercules (except ''Austrocactus spiniflorus''). The tall ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Blossfeldia ''Blossfeldia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) containing only one species, ''Blossfeldia liliputiana'', native to South America in northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca and Mendoza Provinces) and southern Bolivia ...

'' Werderm. *''

Cintia ''Rebutia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina. They are generally small, colorful cacti, globular in form, which freely produce flowers that are relatively large in relation to the body. They ...

'' Knize & Ríha *''

Copiapoa ''Copiapoa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile. Description It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspe ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Pilocopiapoa'' F.Ritter Eriosyce esmeraldana

*''

Eriosyce ''Eriosyce'' is a genus of cacti native to Chile. Description They are spherical to cylindrical plants that rarely sprout. The plants reach heights of growth of up to 1 m and have a diameter of up to 50 cm. They form 7 to 30 ribs on which the tho ...

Phil. Rodolfo Amando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi (14 September 1808 – 23 July 1904) was a German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist. Philippi contributed primarily to malacology and paleontology. His grandson, Rodulfo Amando Philippi Bañados ( ...

:synonyms: ''Ceratistes'' Labour. (nom. inval.), ''Chileniopsis'' Backeb., ''Chileocactus'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Chileorebutia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Chiliorebutia'' Fric (orth. var.), ''Delaetia'' Backeb., ''Dracocactus'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Euporteria'' Kreuz. & Buining, ''Hildmannia'' Kreuz. & Buining, ''Horridocactus'' Backeb., ''Islaya'' Backeb., ''Neochilenia'' Backeb. ex Dölz, ''Neoporteria'' Britton & Rose, ''Neoporteria'' Backeb., ''Neotanahashia'' Y.Itô, ''Nichelia'' Bullock (nom. inval.), ''Pyrrhocactus'' (A.Berger) A.W.Hill, ''Rodentiophila'' F.Ritter ex Backeb., ''Thelocephala'' Y.Itô *'' Eulychnia'' Phil. :synonyms: ''Philippicereus'' Backeb. *''

Frailea ''Frailea'' is a genus of globular to short cylindrical cacti native to South America. These species are cleistogamous. They were first classified in the genus '' Echinocactus''. Species Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online P ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Neowerdermannia ''Neowerdermannia'' is a genus of South American cactus, cacti. Species The genus comprises only two species:, pp. 482–483 References

Cactoideae genera Notocacteae {{cactus-stub ...

'' Fric *''

Parodia ''Parodia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia and in the lowland pampas regions of northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern ...

'' Speg. :synonyms: ''Acanthocephala'' Backeb., ''Brasilicactus'' Backeb., ''Brasiliparodia'' F.Ritter, ''Brasilocactus'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Chrysocactus'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Dactylanthocactus'' Y.Itô, ''Eriocactus'' Backeb., ''Eriocephala'' Backeb., ''Friesia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Hickenia'' Britton & Rose, ''Malacocarpus'' Salm-Dyck, ''Microspermia'' Fric, ''Neohickenia'' Fric, ''Notocactus'' (K.Schum.) Fric, ''Sericocactus'' Y.Itô, ''Wigginsia'' D.M.Porter *''

Yavia ''Yavia cryptocarpa'' is a species of cactus (family (biology), family Cactaceae) and the only species of the newly discovered genus ''Yavia''. The genus is named after Argentina's department Yavi, Yavi, Jujuy Province, where the plant is endemis ...

'' R.Kiesling & Piltz

Tribe Pachycereeae

*''

Acanthocereus ''Acanthocereus'' is a genus of cactus, cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek language, Greek word ''άκανθα'' (''acantha''), me ...

'' (Engelm. ex A.Berger) Britton & Rose – triangle cactus :synonyms: ''Dendrocereus'' Britton & Rose, ''Monvillea'' Britton & Rose *''

Bergerocactus ''Bergerocactus emoryi'' is a species of cactus, known commonly as the golden-spined cereus, golden snake cactus, velvet cactus or golden club cactus. It is a relatively small cactus, but it can form dense thickets or colonies, with the dense ye ...

'' Britton & Rose – snake cactus :synonyms: ''Bergerocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.) SaguaroCactusAZ

*''

Carnegiea The saguaro (, ) (''Carnegiea gigantea'') is a tree-like cactus species in the monotypic genus ''Carnegiea'' that can grow to be over tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexican state of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains ...

'' Britton & Rose – saguaro *''

Cephalocereus ''Cephalocereus'' is a genus of slow-growing, columnar-shaped, blue-green cactus, cacti. The genus is native to Mexico. Description These cacti show a columnar and upright growth habit, and may be branched or unbranched reaching heights of 10 t ...

'' Pfeiff. – old man cactus :synonyms: ''Haseltonia'' Backeb., ''Neodawsonia'' Backeb., ''Pilocereus'' Lem. *''

Corryocactus ''Corryocactus'' is a genus of cacti. The genus was formerly placed in the tribe Notocacteae. It has also been placed in the tribe Echinocereeae. A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study excluded the genus from the "core" Echinocereeae, commenting t ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonym: ''Corryocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Erdisia'' Britton & Rose, ''Eulychnocactus'' Backeb. (nom. inval.) * ''Dendrocereus'' Britton & Rose – see ''

'' *''

Echinocereus ''Echinocereus'' is a genus of ribbed, usually small to medium-sized, cylindrical shaped cacti, comprising about 70 species native to the southern United States and Mexico in very sunny, rocky places. Usually the flowers are large and the fruit ...

'' Engelm. – hedgehog cactus :synonyms: ''Morangaya'' G.D.Rowley, ''Wilcoxia'' Britton & Rose *''

Escontria ''Escontria'' is a genus of cactus. The only species is ''Escontria chiotilla'', the chiotilla or jiotilla. The species originates from Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, southern Puebla). This is a tree-like cactus, up to 7 metres tall. I ...

'' Rose * ''Isolatocereus'' Backeb. – see ''

Stenocereus ''Stenocereus'' ( Gk. ''stenos'', narrow, L. ''cereus'', candle) is a genus of columnar or tree-like cacti from the Baja California Peninsula and other parts of Mexico, Arizona in the United States, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Venezuela an ...

'' *''

Leptocereus ''Leptocereus'' is a genus of cacti native to the Greater Antilles. It has been placed in the tribe Leptocereeae or in a broadly defined Echinocereeae The Echinocereeae are a tribe of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. Since 2006, the tribe ...

'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Neoabbottia'' Britton & Rose *×'' Myrtgerocactus''

Moran Moran may refer to: Places Antarctica * Moran Bluff, Marie Byrd Land * Moran Buttress, Marie Byrd Land * Moran Glacier, Alexander Island Asia * Moran Town, Assam, India * Moran, Israel, a kibbutz * Moran Hill, North Korea * Moran Station, a s ...

: ''Myrtillocactus'' × ''Bergerocactus'' *'' Myrtillocactus''

Console Console may refer to: Computing and video games * System console, a physical device to operate a computer ** Virtual console, a user interface for multiple computer consoles on one device ** Command-line interface, a method of interacting with ...

:synonyms: ''Myrtillocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.) Cardon Pachycereus pringlei

*''

Neobuxbaumia ''Cephalocereus'' is a genus of slow-growing, columnar-shaped, blue-green cactus, cacti. The genus is native to Mexico. Description These cacti show a columnar and upright growth habit, and may be branched or unbranched reaching heights of 10 t ...

'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Pseudomitrocereus'' Bravo & Buxb., ''Rooksbya'' Backeb. *×'' Pacherocactus'' G.D.Rowley : ''Pachycereus'' × ''Bergerocactus'' *''

Pachycereus ''Pachycereus'' is a genus of 9–12 species of large cacti native to Mexico and just into southern Arizona, United States. They form large shrubs or small trees up to 15 m tall, with stout stems up to 1 m in diameter. ''Pachycereus'' comes fr ...

'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Backebergia''

Bravo Bravo(s) or The Bravo(s) may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music Groups and labels *Bravo (band), a Russian rock band * Bravo (Spanish group), represented Spain at Eurovision 1984 *Bravo Music, an American concert band music publishing company ...

, ''Lemaireocereus'' Britton & Rose, ''Lophocereus'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, ''Marginatocereus'' (Backeb.) Backeb., ''Mitrocereus'' (Backeb.) Backeb., ''Pterocereus'' T.MacDoug. & Miranda *''

Peniocereus ''Peniocereus'' is a genus of vining cactus, cacti, comprising about 18 species, found from the southwestern United States and Mexico. They have a large underground tuber, thin and inconspicuous stems. Its name comes from the prefix ''penio-'' ( ...

'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Cullmannia'' Distefano, ''Neoevansia'' W.T.Marshall, ''Nyctocereus'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose *''

Polaskia ''Polaskia'' (named after American amateur Charles Polaski) is a genus of tree-like cacti reaching 4–5 m high, comprising 2 species. Both present primitive characteristics, but '' Polaskia chichipe'' is nearer to '' Myrtillocactus'' while '' ...

'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Chichipia'' Backeb. (nom. inval.), ''Heliabravoa'' Backeb. *'' Pseudoacanthocereus'' F.Ritter *''

'' (A.Berger) Riccob. :synonyms: ''Hertrichocereus'' Backeb., ''Isolatocereus'' Backeb., ''Isolatocereus'' (Backeb.) Backeb., ''Machaerocereus'' Britton & Rose, ''Marshallocereus'' Backeb., ''Neolemaireocereus'' Backeb., ''Rathbunia'' Britton & Rose, ''Ritterocereus'' Backeb.

Tribe
Rhipsalideae The Rhipsalideae are a small tribe of cacti, comprising four genera (and around 60 species). They grow on trees (epiphytes) or on rocks (lithophytes), where they either hang down or form creeping or upright shrubs. Their flowers open in the day ...

*''

Hatiora ''Hatiora'' is a small genus of epiphytic cacti which belongs to the tribe Rhipsalideae within the subfamily Cactoideae of the Cactaceae. Recent taxonomic studies have led to the three species formerly placed in subgenus ''Rhipsalidopsis'' be ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Epiphyllopsis'' Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, ''Hariota''

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

, ''Pseudozygocactus'' Backeb., ''Rhipsalidopsis'' Britton & Rose *'' Lepismium'' Pfeiff. :synonyms: ''Acanthorhipsalis'' (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, ''Acanthorhipsalis'' Kimnach, ''Pfeiffera'' Salm-Dyck *''

Rhipsalis ''Rhipsalis'' is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the cactus family, typically known as mistletoe cacti. They are found in parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern regions of South America. They also inhabit isolated location ...

Gaertn. Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792). Biography He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller ...

:synonyms: ''Cassytha'' Mill., ''Erythrorhipsalis'' A.Berger, ''Hariota''

Adans. Michel Adanson (7 April 17273 August 1806) was an 18th-century French botanist and naturalist who traveled to Senegal to study flora and fauna. He proposed a "natural system" of taxonomy distinct from the binomial system forwarded by Linnaeus. ...

, ''Lymanbensonia'' Kimnach *''

Schlumbergera ''Schlumbergera'' is a small genus of cacti with six to nine species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. These plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite differen ...

'' Lem. – Christmas cactus, Easter cactus :synonyms: ''Epiphyllanthus'' A.Berger, ''Epiphyllum'' Pfeiff., ''Opuntiopsis'' Knebel (nom. inval.), ''Zygocactus'' K.Schum., ''Zygocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)

Tribe
Trichocereeae Trichocereeae is a tribe of cactus that are particular to South America. There are 25 recognized genera in this tribe. Description Arborescent to shrubby, Trichocereeae normally form unsegmented, spherical to columnar stems that are usually ribb ...

*''

Acanthocalycium ''Acanthocalycium'' is a genus of cactus consisting of several species from Argentina. The taxon name comes from Greek ''akantha'' (meaning ''prickly'') and ''kalyx'' (meaning ''buds''), which refers to the spines on the floral tubes. These plan ...

'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Spinicalycium'' Fric (nom. inval.) *'' Arthrocereus'' A.Berger *''

Brachycereus The lava cactus is a species of cactus, ''Brachycereus nesioticus'', the sole species of the genus ''Brachycereus''. The plant is a colonizer of lava fields – hence its common name – where it forms spiny clumps up to tall. Its solitary whit ...

'' Britton & Rose Borzicactus Websteramus, Cleistocactus, Huntington Desert Garden

*''

Cleistocactus ''Cleistocactus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to mountainous areas - to - of South America (Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina). The name comes from the Greek ''kleistos'' meaning closed because the f ...

'' Lem. :synonyms: ''Akersia'' Buining, ''Bolivicereus'' Cárdenas, ''Borzicactella'' H.Johnson ex F.Ritter, ''Borzicactus'' Riccob, ''Borzicereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Cephalocleistocactus'' F.Ritter, ''Cleistocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), ''Clistanthocereus'' Backeb., ''Demnosa'' Fric, ''Gymnanthocereus'' Backeb., ''Hildewintera'' F.Ritter, ''Loxanthocereus'' Backeb., ''Maritimocereus'' Akers, ''Pseudoechinocereus'' Buining (nom. inval.), ''Seticereus'' Backeb., ''Seticleistocactus'' Backeb., ''Winteria'' F.Ritter, ''Winterocereus'' Backeb. * ''Cephalocleistocactus'' F.Ritter – see ''

'' *''

Denmoza ''Denmoza'' is a genus of cactus found in Argentina, comprising only 2 species. The name of the genus is an anagram of the western province of Mendoza. These species grow slowly and stay globulous during a long period before becoming shortly c ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Discocactus ''Discocactus'' is a genus of Tropics, tropical cactus, cacti. The name comes from the ancient Greek ' (=disc) because of its shape. ''Discocactus'' plants are endemic to southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, and northern Paraguay. These species ar ...

'' Pfeiff. *''

Echinopsis ''Echinopsis'' is a large genus of cacti native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** ...

'' Zucc. – San Pedro cactus :synonyms: ''Acantholobivia'' Backeb., ''Acanthopetalus'' Y.Itô, ''Andenea'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Aureilobivia'' Fric, nom. inval., ''Chamaecereus'' Britton & Rose, ''Chamaelobivia'' Y. Itô (nom. inval.), ''Cinnabarinea'' Fric ex F.Ritter, ''Echinolobivia'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Echinonyctanthus'' Lem., ''Furiolobivia'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Helianthocereus'' Backeb, ''Heterolobivia'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Hymenorebulobivia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Hymenorebutia'' Fric ex Buining, ''Leucostele'' Backeb., ''Lobirebutia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Lobivia'' Britton & Rose, ''Lobiviopsis'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Megalobivia'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Mesechinopsis'' Y.Itô, ''Neolobivia'' Y.Itô, ''Pilopsis'' Y.Itô (nom. inval.), ''Pseudolobivia'' (Backeb.) Backeb., ''Rebulobivia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Salpingolobivia'' Y.Itô, ''Scoparebutia'' Fric & Kreuz. ex Buining, ''Setiechinopsis'' (Backeb.) de Haas, ''Soehrensia'' Backeb., ''Trichocereus'' (A.Berger) Riccob. *''

Espostoa ''Espostoa'' is a genus of columnar cacti, comprising 16 species known from the Andes of southern Ecuador and Peru. It usually lives at an altitude of between 800m and 2500m. Its fruit is edible, sweet, and juicy. The genus is named after Nicola ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Binghamia'' Britton & Rose, ''Pseudoespostoa'' Backeb., ''Thrixanthocereus'' Backeb., *''

Espostoopsis ''Espostoopsis'' is a monotypic genus of cactus containing the single species ''Espostoopsis dybowskii''. The generic name is formed from Greek ''opsis'' meaning "view", referring to its resemblance to the genus '' Espostoa'', with which it is oft ...

'' Buxb. :synonyms: ''Gerocephalus'' F.Ritter *''

Facheiroa ''Facheiroa'' is a genus of cacti that is endemic to Brazil. Species It is comprised by 8 species in the 2 subgenera of ''Facheiroa'' and ''Zehntnerella''. Species include: The genus ''Zehntnerella'' ( Britton & Rose A rose is eithe ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Zehntnerella'' Britton & Rose Gymnocalycium moserianum

*''

Gymnocalycium ''Gymnocalycium'', commonly called chin cactus, is a genus of about 70 South American species of cactus. The genus name ''Gymnocalycium'' (from Greek, "naked calyx") refers to the flower buds bearing no hair or spines. Their main area of distrib ...

'' Pfeiff. ex Mittler – chin cactus :synonyms: ''Brachycalycium'' Backeb. *''

Haageocereus ''Haageocereus'' is a genus of cacti endemic to the lower elevations of the extremely dry desert along the coast of Peru and northern Chile. Species As of 2021 species include: Natural Hybrids Synonymy The following genera have been bro ...

'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Floresia'' Krainz & F.Ritter ex Backeb. (nom. inval.), ''Haageocactus'' Backeb. (nom. inval.), ''Lasiocereus'' F.Ritter, ''Neobinghamia'' Backeb., ''Peruvocereus'' Akers * × ''Haagespostoa'' G.D.Rowley : ''Haageocereus'' × ''Espostoa'' *'' Harrisia'' Britton – apple cactus :synonyms: ''Eriocereus'' (A.Berger) Riccob., ''Roseocereus'' Backeb. * ''Lasiocereus'' F.Ritter – see ''

'' *'' Leocereus'' Britton & Rose *''

Matucana ''Matucana'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing approximately 20 species of mostly globular plants. The genus is only known from Peru, mostly along the Marañón River. The first species was discovered near the town of Matuca ...

'' Britton & Rose :synonyms: ''Eomatucana'' F.Ritter *'' Mila'' Britton & Rose *'' Oreocereus'' (A.Berger) Riccob. :synonyms: ''Arequipa'' Britton & Rose, ''Arequipiopsis'' Kreuz. & Buining, ''Morawetzia'' Backeb., ''Submatucana'' Backeb. *''

Oroya ''Oroya'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), originating from Peru. The name comes from the Peruvian town of la Oroya La Oroya is a city on the River Mantaro in central Peru. It is situated on the Andes some 176 km east-north-e ...

'' Britton & Rose *''

Pygmaeocereus ''Pygmaeocereus'' is a genus of diminutive cactus, cacti (family (biology), family Cactaceae). It is native to South America. These species generally do not reach more than high, and produce a large tuberous root system and scented night flow ...

'' H.Johnson & Backeb. *''

Rauhocereus ''Rauhocereus'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae) with nocturnal flowers. It is known from northern Peru (Rio Santa The Santa River ( es, Río Santa) is a river in the South American Andes mountain range in the Ancash Region of northwes ...

'' Backeb. Rebutia flavistylus 2 rev

*''

Rebutia ''Rebutia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family cactus, Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina. They are generally small, colorful cacti, globular in form, which freely produce flowers that are relatively large in relation to the bod ...

'' K.Schum. :synonyms: ''Aylostera'' Speg., ''Bridgesia'' Backeb., ''Cylindrorebutia'' Fric & Kreuz., ''Digitorebutia'' Fric & Kreuz., ''Echinorebutia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Eurebutia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Gymnantha'' Y.Itô, ''Mediolobivia'' Backeb., ''Mediorebutia'' Fric (nom. inval.), ''Neogymnantha'' Y.Itô, ''Reicheocactus'' Backeb., ''Setirebutia'' Fric & Kreuz. (nom. inval.), ''Spegazzinia'' Backeb., ''Sulcorebutia'' Backeb., ''Weingartia'' Werderm. *''

Samaipaticereus ''Samaipaticereus'' is a genus of cactus containing the sole species ''Samaipaticereus corroanus''. It is known only from East Andean Bolivia and Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional ...

'' Cárdenas *'' Weberbauerocereus'' Backeb. :synonyms: ''Meyenia'' Backeb. *''

Vatricania ''Vatricania'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cactaceae. It just contains one species, ''Vatricania guentheri'' Greenm. ex Gleason It has the common name of ''Red Tail Cactus''. Its native range is Bolivia. It ...

'' Backeb. *''

Yungasocereus ''Yungasocereus inquisivensis'' is a species of cactus native to Bolivia, the sole member of its genus, ''Yungasocereus''. It is a columnar cactus, appearing either as a tree or shrub, ranging up to 4–5 meters in height. The 6–7 cm diam ...

'' F.Ritter

Notes and references

Bibliography

* {{Taxonomy of...

Overview

Nyffler and Eggli (2010) classification

Earlier classification

Subfamily Pereskioideae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

Subfamily Opuntioideae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Tribe Austrocylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Tribe Cylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Tribe Opuntieae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Tribe Pterocacteae ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

Tribe Tephrocacteae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Subfamily Maihuenioideae ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high elev ...

Subfamily Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification inc ...

Tribe Browningieae

Tribe Cacteae Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insi ...

Tribe Calymmantheae ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique a ...

Tribe Cereeae Cereeae are a tribe of cactus belonging to the Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae r ...

Tribe Hylocereeae The Hylocereeae are a tribe of cacti. Most are found in the tropical forests of Central and northern South America, and are climbers or epiphytes, unlike most cacti. The tribe includes between six and eight genera in different circumscriptions ...

Tribe Notocacteae

Tribe Pachycereeae

Tribe Rhipsalideae The Rhipsalideae are a small tribe of cacti, comprising four genera (and around 60 species). They grow on trees (epiphytes) or on rocks (lithophytes), where they either hang down or form creeping or upright shrubs. Their flowers open in the day ...

Tribe Trichocereeae Trichocereeae is a tribe of cactus that are particular to South America. There are 25 recognized genera in this tribe. Description Arborescent to shrubby, Trichocereeae normally form unsegmented, spherical to columnar stems that are usually ribb ...

Notes and references

Bibliography

Subfamily
Pereskioideae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

Subfamily
Opuntioideae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Tribe
Austrocylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Tribe
Cylindropuntieae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Tribe
Opuntieae Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina ...

Tribe
Pterocacteae ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

Tribe
Tephrocacteae In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their class ...

Subfamily
Maihuenioideae ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high elev ...

Subfamily
Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification inc ...

Tribe
Cacteae Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insi ...

Tribe
Calymmantheae ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique a ...

Tribe
Cereeae Cereeae are a tribe of cactus belonging to the Cactoideae The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. , the internal classification of the family Cactaceae r ...

Tribe
Hylocereeae The Hylocereeae are a tribe of cacti. Most are found in the tropical forests of Central and northern South America, and are climbers or epiphytes, unlike most cacti. The tribe includes between six and eight genera in different circumscriptions ...

Tribe
Rhipsalideae The Rhipsalideae are a small tribe of cacti, comprising four genera (and around 60 species). They grow on trees (epiphytes) or on rocks (lithophytes), where they either hang down or form creeping or upright shrubs. Their flowers open in the day ...

Tribe
Trichocereeae Trichocereeae is a tribe of cactus that are particular to South America. There are 25 recognized genera in this tribe. Description Arborescent to shrubby, Trichocereeae normally form unsegmented, spherical to columnar stems that are usually ribb ...