Community Supported Fishery

A community-supported fishery (CSF) is an alternative business model for selling fresh, locally sourced seafood. CSF programs, modeled after increasingly popular community-supported agriculture programs, offer members weekly shares of fresh seafood for a pre-paid membership fee. The first CSF program was started in Port Clyde, Maine, in 2007, and similar CSF programs have since been started across the United States and in Europe. Community supported fisheries aim to promote a positive relationship between fishermen, consumers, and the ocean by providing high-quality, locally caught seafood to members. CSF programs began as a method to help marine ecosystems recover from the effects of overfishing while maintaining a thriving fishing community.

Structure

In a CSF, consumers sign up as members and pay in advance for a "share" of seafood, to be delivered weekly. Generally, each share is measured by weight but the size of shares offered varies among programs. Many programs offer multiple levels of membership, depending on the size of a share a member wants (i.e., individual share or family share). Each CSF offers a different variety of seafood to its members, based on local regulations, catch size, season, and location.Witter, Allison. (2012) "Local Seafood Movements and Seafood Sustainability in North America." Some CSFs may specialize in a specific species of seafood, while others may offer a variety of species based on what is currently available. Though many aspects of CSF programs are unique to specific programs, according to the organizatio
Local Catch
there are 5 main elements that unite all CSF programs:
#To establish a transparent chain-of-custody from boat to plate
#To increase access to premium, locally-caught seafood
#To ensure fishers receive a fair price for their catch that reflects the value of their work
#To engage fishers and community members in more robust, viable, local food systems
#To provide a framework through which fishers and customers alike can creatively steward marine resources
Combined, these elements are often considered the basis for conducting the program on a triple bottom line.

Triple bottom line

Community-supported fishery programs operate on a triple bottom line, which incorporates environmental stewardship, economic stability, and social improvements as goals of their business. The success of each aspect is intricately tied to the success of other two, creating a balance that benefits the fishermen, the consumers, and the health of the environment.

Economic stability

CSFs began primarily with economic stability as a goal. Due to increased regulatory pressures, many small fishing communities were on the verge of disappearing. By creating a local market for seafood that bypassed the traditionally lengthy seafood supply chain, fishermen were able to continue working. Fishermen were also able to obtain a small price premium for their catch, which allowed them to be more flexible in their fishing practices. Further, by paying in advance, consumers are participating in a form of risk sharing with fishermen, who are assured of a buyer for their catch before they leave the harbor.Brinson, A. et al. (2011). Direct marketing strategies: The rise of community supported fishery programs. Marine Policy 35 542–548

Social improvements

In creating a program that provides a direct connection between fishermen and consumers, CSF programs aim to rebuild the relationship between people and the food they eat. This relationship was lost with the rise of commercial fishing practices. Building a local food community is good for not only for community relations, but also for supporting local economies: people will be more inclined to support their neighbors only if they actually know their neighbors.

Environmental stewardship

In creating economic and social benefits, fishermen are then able to become stewards of marine ecosystem health, by utilizing practices that better support the fish populations they target. Specifically, many fishermen are able to alter their target species based on what is abundant, not what is in high demand by the larger supply chain. This allows fishermen to get a price that is closer to the cost of harvesting, gives more exploited fish a break, and provides members with more diversity in product. Often the fishermen know what the least destructive method of fishing is, but in the past have been pressured by market demands to go after only the highest priced fish (which are generally those most at risk for exploitation).
Besides being able to focus on more abundant fish species, CSF fisheries can also supply all fish species that are caught to their consumers, as they can select a range of fish. This effectively eliminates by-catch.

Pilot projects

A 2006 study administered by North Carolina Sea Grant identified community-supported fisheries as a new direct marketing strategy to increase demand for local seafood in Carteret County, North Carolina.Andreatta, S. (2007) Harnessing Consumer Preferences to Create New Markets for North Carolina Seafood. Fishery Resource Grant Program.
/ref> This led to the design of the nation's first-ever research project on community-supported fisheries and a 2007 pilot CSF for Carteret County shrimp.Andreatta, S. (2008) Harnessing Consumer Preferences to Create New Markets for North Carolina Seafood - Year Two. Fishery Resource Grant Program.
/ref> While this pilot CSF did not take off with consumers, it did garner the attention of the Gulf of Maine Research Institute and the Island Institute, who invited the researchers to present the CSF idea to local fishermen, including some belonging to the Midcoast Fishermen's Cooperative.Landis, Benjamin Young (2010). Community Supported Ingenuity. ''Coastwatch'' magazine.
/ref>

The first successful community-supported fishery program began in 2007 as a pilot project out of Port Clyde, when the Mid-Coast Fishermen's Cooperative teamed up with the First Universalist Church in Rockland, Maine, to deliver fresh shrimp. The pilot proved so successful that in the spring of 2008, the Port Clyde community expanded beyond shrimp an
Port Clyde Fresh Catch
became a viable business. Today, this program delivers fresh, Maine caught shrimp and groundfish to several different locations throughout their local community. In addition, the Midcoast Fishermen's Coop has opened a processing center where they pick shrimp and fillet fish.Campbell, D. (2008) Community-supported Fishery Project: Charting a New Course. Rural Cooperatives. US Department of Agriculture.

Local Catch

Local Catch is a network started in the United States in 2011. It aims to connect consumers to CSF programs and foster a community of practice amongst CSFs and other values-based seafood businesses. Local Catch acts as an "online network seeking to increase the visibility of CSFs". The site provides a list of current CSF programs in operation as well as a locator tool to help consumers find a program in their area. As of October 2019, Local Catch listed about 100 programs in operation and over 400 pickup locations in North America.

Dock to Dish

Dock to Dish is one of the original community-supported fishery programs, and is headquartered in the commercial fishing port of Montauk, NY. Founded in 2012, Dock to Dish co-founders also established the first restaurant supported fishery program in the world, a model which has since proliferated across North and Central America. Over the past five years, Dock to Dish co-founders have worked to create new systems for providing reliable access to fresh, locally-harvested and traceable artisanal seafood directly to their cooperative membership from regional fishing wharfs and commercial docks. The seafood they source and distribute is traceable back to the vessel, and often the actual fisherman; never travels by air (the highest carbon producing mode of transport), and never leaves a 150-mile radius from the port that it was originally landed in. Dock to Dish now serves a broad spectrum of restaurants, resorts and institutional-level members, such as the Google Corporation, in restaurant-supported fishery programs while providing limited local seafood shares to families through its community-supported fishery program. In June 2017, the Dock to Dish model was presented at the United Nations World Oceans Conference as an important initiative in achieving The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 14 aimed to: "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources."

Sitka Salmon Shares

Sitka Salmon Shares was co-founded in 2011 and 2012 by Nic Mink, then a professor as Knox College, and fisherman Marsh Skeele, as a small project selling boxes of Skeele's high-quality salmon in the midwest to benefit Sitka Conservation Society. Since that time, Sitka Salmon Shares has grown to one of the largest community supported fisheries in the U.S. This CSF has a unique, integrated supply chain that includes fishermen owners and the company's own fish processing plant in Sitka, Alaska, as well as a large warehouse in Galesburg, Illinois. The company now offers delivery to the doorstep of is members of an array of seafood species harvested by its network of fishing families from southeast as well as other region's of Alaska. Salmon Shares is active in the Local Catch and Slow Fish movements, and is invested in building connections between fish harvesters, its members, and supporting healthy food systems and communities in the places the company operates.

Catchbox

A CSF in the UK called Catchbox, funded by Defra and established by SeaWeb

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