In astronomy, the Collinder catalogue is a catalogue of 471 open clusters by Swedish astronomer Per Collinder. It was published in 1931 as an appendix to Collinder's paper ''On structural properties of open galactic clusters and their spatial distribution''. Catalogue objects are denoted by ''Collinder'', e.g. "Collinder 399". Dated prefixes include as ''Col + catalogue number'', or ''Cr + catalogue number'', e.g. "Cr 399".

Vital statistics

* The catalogue contains 471 objects: 452 open clusters, 11 globular clusters, 6 asterisms, 1 stellar moving group, and 1

stellar association A stellar association is a very loose star cluster, looser than both open clusters and globular clusters. Stellar associations will normally contain from 10 to 100 or more stars. The stars share a common origin, but have become gravitationally u ...

. * Objects are spread out across the entire celestial sphere. * Cr 8 is the northernmost Collinder object, located at a declination of +85º in the constellation

Camelopardalis Camelopardalis is a large but faint constellation of the northern sky representing a giraffe. The constellation was introduced in 1612 or 1613 by Petrus Plancius. Some older astronomy books give Camelopardalus or Camelopardus as alternative for ...

. * Cr 411 is the southernmost Collinder object, located at a declination of -79º in the constellation Octans.

Collinder objects which are also Messier objects

The Collinder Catalogue contains 29 objects which are part of the Messier catalogue: *

Messier 6 Messier may refer to: People with the surname *Charles Messier, French astronomer *Éric Messier, former NHL defenseman *George Messier, French inventor *Jean-Marie Messier, former CEO of Vivendi Universal *Marc Messier, Canadian actor from Quebec ...

(Butterfly Cluster) * Messier 7 (Ptolemy's Cluster) *

Messier 11 Messier may refer to: People with the surname *Charles Messier, French astronomer *Éric Messier, former NHL defenseman *George Messier, French inventor *Jean-Marie Messier, former CEO of Vivendi Universal *Marc Messier, Canadian actor from Quebec ...

(Wild Duck Cluster) * Messier 16 (Open cluster within the Eagle Nebula) * Messier 18 * Messier 21 * Messier 23 * Messier 25 *

Messier 26 Messier 26, also known as NGC 6694, is an open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Scutum. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764. This 8th magnitude cluster is a challenge to find in ideal skies with typical binoculars, wh ...

* Messier 29 * Messier 34 *

Messier 35 Messier 35 or M35, also known as NGC 2168, is a relatively close open cluster of stars in the west of Gemini, at about the declination of the sun when the latter is at June solstice. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux around 174 ...

* Messier 36 * Messier 37 * Messier 38 * Messier 39 * Messier 41 * Messier 44 (Beehive Cluster) * Messier 45 (Pleiades) * Messier 46 * Messier 47 *

Messier 48 Messier 48 or M48, also known as NGC 2548, is an open cluster of stars in the celestial equator, equatorial constellation of Hydra (constellation), Hydra. It sits near Hydra's westernmost limit with Monoceros, about to the east and slightly sou ...

* Messier 50 *

Messier 52 Messier 52 or M52, also known as NGC 7654, is an open cluster of stars in the highly northern constellation of Cassiopeia (constellation), Cassiopeia. It was discovered by Charles Messier on 1774. It can be seen from Earth under light pollution, ...

Messier 67 Messier 67 (also known as M67 or NGC 2682) and sometimes called the King Cobra cluster or the Golden Eye cluster is an open cluster in the southern, equatorial half of Cancer. It was discovered by Johann Gottfried Koehler in 1779. Estimates of it ...

* Messier 71 *

Messier 73 Messier 73 (M73, also known as NGC 6994) is an asterism (astronomy), asterism of four stars in the constellation Aquarius (constellation), Aquarius. It lies several arcminutes east of globular cluster Messier 72, M72. According to Gaia (spacecraf ...

Messier 93 Messier 93 or M93, also known as NGC 2447, is an open cluster in the modestly southern constellation Puppis, the imagined poop deck of the legendary ''Argo''. Observational history and appearance It was discovered by Charles Messier then added ...

* Messier 103

Collinder objects which are also Caldwell objects

The Collinder catalogue pre-dates the Caldwell catalogue by 64 years. The Collinder catalogue contains 28 objects which are members of the Caldwell catalogue: * C1

NGC 188 NGC 188 (also known as Caldwell 1) is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1825. Unlike most open clusters that drift apart after a few million years because of the gravitational interaction of our ...

* C8 NGC 559 * C10 NGC 663 * C13 NGC 457 (Owl or E.T. Cluster) * C14

NGC 869 NGC 869 (also known as h Persei) is an open cluster located 7460 light years away in the constellation of Perseus. The cluster is about 14 million years old. It is the westernmost of the Double Cluster with NGC 884. NGC 869 and 884 are often des ...

NGC 884 NGC 884 (also known as χ Persei) is an open cluster located 7640 light years away in the constellation of Perseus. It is the easternmost of the Double Cluster with NGC 869. NGC 869 and 884 are often designated h and χ Persei, respectively.Som ...

(Double Cluster) * C16 NGC 7243 * C19

IC 5146 IC 5146 (also Caldwell 19, Sh 2-125, Barnard 168, and the Cocoon Nebula) is a reflection/ emission nebula and Caldwell object in the constellation Cygnus. The NGC description refers to IC 5146 as a cluster of 9.5 mag stars involved in a bright ...

(Cocoon Nebula) * C28

NGC 752 NGC 752 (also known as Caldwell 28) is an open cluster in the constellation Andromeda (constellation), Andromeda. The cluster was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783 and cataloged by her brother William Herschel in 1786, although an object th ...

* C41 ( Hyades) * C50

NGC 2244 NGC 2244 (also known as Caldwell 50 or the Satellite Cluster) is an open cluster in the Rosette Nebula, which is located in the constellation Monoceros. This cluster has several O-type stars, super hot stars that generate large amounts of radiati ...

* C54

NGC 2506 NGC 2506 (also known as Caldwell 54) is a mildly-elongated open cluster of stars in the equatorial constellation of Monoceros, located at a distance of from the Sun near the Galactic anti-center. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1791. T ...

* C58

NGC 2360 NGC 2360 (also known as Caroline's Cluster or Caldwell 58) is an open cluster in the constellation Canis Major. It was discovered on 26 February 1783 by Caroline Herschel, who described it as a "beautiful cluster of pretty compressed stars near 1 ...

(Caroline's Cluster) * C64 NGC 2362 (Tau Canis Majoris Cluster) * C71 NGC 2477 * C75

NGC 6124 NGC 6124 (also known as Caldwell 75) is an open cluster located 1,860 light years away in the constellation Scorpius. It was discovered by Abbe Lacaille Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille (; 15 March 171321 March 1762), formerly sometimes spel ...

* C76

NGC 6231 NGC 6231 (also known as Caldwell 76) is an open cluster in the southern sky located half a degrees north of Zeta Scorpii. NGC 6231 is part of a swath of young, bluish stars in the constellation Scorpius known as the Scorpius OB1 association. The ...

* C81 NGC 6352 * C82 NGC 6193 * C85

IC 2391 IC 2391 (also known as the Omicron Velorum Cluster or Caldwell 85) is an open cluster in the constellation Vela. The Persian astronomer Al Sufi may have first described it about 964. It was found by Abbe Lacaille and cataloged as Lac II 5. Th ...

(Omicron Velorum Cluster) * C88 NGC 5823 * C89 NGC 6087 (S Normae Cluster) * C91

NGC 3532 NGC 3532 (Caldwell 91), also commonly known as the Pincushion Cluster,Stephen James O'Meara, ''The Caldwell Objects'', Cambridge University Press, , p. 358–360. Football Cluster,Amateur Astronomer Association of New YorkNebula of the Month - Ca ...

(Wishing Well Cluster) * C94 NGC 4755 (Jewel Box) * C95

NGC 6025 NGC 6025 (also known as Caldwell 95) is an open cluster located 2,700 light years away in the Triangulum Australe constellation. It was discovered by Abbe Lacaille Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille (; 15 March 171321 March 1762), formerly so ...

* C96

NGC 2516 NGC 2516 (also known as Caldwell 96) is an open star cluster in the southern sky in the constellation Carina discovered by Abbe Lacaille in 1751-1752. It is also called Southern Beehive or the Sprinter. Description This bright cluster itself is ...

(Southern Beehive Cluster) * C97 NGC 3766 (Pearl Cluster) * C98

NGC 4609 NGC 4609 (also known as Caldwell 98) is an open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Crux. It was discovered on May 12, 1826 by the Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. The cluster has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.9 and spans an ...

* C102 IC 2602 (Theta Carinae Cluster)

Number of Collinder objects in each constellation

Collinder objects

Notes

Errors

There are some errors in Collinder's list or references to it. For example:Archinal, B. A., and S. J. Hynes. 2003. ''Star Clusters'', Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell * Cr 21, 27, 57,

396 __NOTOC__ Year 396 (Roman numerals, CCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Augustus (or, less ...

399 __NOTOC__ Year 399 ( CCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Eutropius and Theodorus (or, less frequently, year 11 ...

, and

426 __NOTOC__ Year 426 ( CDXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Valentinianus (or, less frequentl ...

are asterisms. * Cr 32, 33, and 34 all refer to parts of the much larger IC 1848. * There is "some doubt" as to whether or not Cr 84, 182, 221, 254, 265, 269, 283,

294 Year 294 ( CCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and (Galerius) Maximianus (or, less frequently, year ...

336 Year 336 ( CCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nepotianus and Facundus (or, less frequently, year 1089 ''Ab urbe ...

, 387, 404, 425,

456 __NOTOC__ Year 456 ( CDLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avitus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1209 '' ...

, and 458 are open clusters. * The positions of Cr 109 and 185 are inaccurate. * Cr 202 is actually the central condensation of the much larger Cr 199. * Cr 220 was believed by Collinder to be NGC 3247 when in reality he discovered a "new" open cluster. * Cr 234 was applied to the southern section of the much larger Cr 233. * Cr 240 is actually the central condensation of the much larger Cr 239. * Cr

267 __NOTOC__ Year 267 ( CCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paternus and Arcesilaus (or, less frequently, year 10 ...

328 __NOTOC__ Year 328 ( CCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ianuarinus and Iustus (or, less frequently, year 1081 ' ...

, 330,

346 Year 346 ( CCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Claudius (or, less frequently, year 109 ...

364 __NOTOC__ Year 364 ( CCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Varronianus (or, less frequently, year 11 ...

366 __NOTOC__ Year 366 ( CCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratianus and Dagalaifus (or, less frequently, year 1119 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denominat ...

368 Year 368 ( CCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Valens (or, less frequently, year 1121 ''Ab urbe con ...

381 __NOTOC__ Year 381 ( CCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius (or, less frequently, year 1134 ...

395 __NOTOC__ Year 395 ( CCCXCV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Olybrius and Probinus (or, less frequently, year 1148 ...

409 __NOTOC__ Year 409 ( CDIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius (or, less frequently, yea ...

, and 414 are globular clusters. * Cr 334 and 335 are duplicate listings of the same object. * The original alias given for Cr 339 is the galaxy NGC 6393. The correct alias for Cr 339 is the open cluster NGC 6396. * The original alias given for Cr 371 is of the nebula which surrounds an open cluster he discovered. He apparently did not know he was first to make the distinction. * Cr 374 is imbedded within the much larger Messier 24. * Collinder erroneously believed

was a globular cluster. * Collinder’s description of

is actually for

Messier 72 Messier 72 (also known as M72 or NGC 6981) is a globular cluster in the south west of the very mildly celestial hemisphere, southern constellation of Aquarius (constellation), Aquarius. Observational history and guide M72 was discovered by astr ...

, a globular cluster, and not the object he intended for Cr. 426.

External links

An annotated version of the Collinder catalogue by Thomas Watson

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Collinder Catalogue Astronomical catalogues Open clusters