Clavatulidae is a taxonomic

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily

Conoidea Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and conside ...

. The family is not well differentiated morphologically. Clavatulidae was raised, based on

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...

analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae
accessed 1 April 2010. This family has no subfamilies.

General characteristics

This family consists of species with a medium-sized to rather large, fusiform shell. The oblong, pointed

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...

is rather high. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

is oval and mostly white. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The siphonal canal varies between rather short (e.g. '' Pusionella compacta'') to moderately long and slightly incurved (e.g. '' Fusiturris undatiruga''). The anal sinus varies from very shallow to rather deep. The outer lip can be slightly incurved and serrated on its side. The subsutural ramp is usually well developed. The

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...

of the shell in this family shows various forms, going from a rather smooth surface (e.g. '' Gemmuloborsonia colorata'') to being finely ribbed longitudinally and striated transversally. The stenoglossan radula has the formula 1-(1-R-1)-1

Genera

Genera in the family Clavatulidae include: * '' Benthoclionella '' Kilburn, 1974 * '' Caliendrula'' Kilburn, 1985 * '' Clavatula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''

Clionella ''Clionella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description The shell of the species in this genus is narrowly bucciniform and turriculated. The protoconch is somewhat conical, containing 2 whorls. T ...

'' Gray, 1847 * †'' Hemisurcula'' Casey, 1904 * '' Makiyamaia'' Kuroda, 1961 * †'' Orthosurcula'' T. L. Casey, 1904 * '' Pagodaturris'' Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2018 * '' Paraclavatula'' Kantor, Horro, Rolán & Puillandre, 2018 * ''

Perrona ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the ...

'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Pusionella'' Gray, 1847 * '' Scaevatula'' Gofas, 1990 * '' Tomellana'' Wenz, 1943 * '' Toxiclionella'' Powell, 1966 * '' Trachydrillia'' Nolf & Swinnen, 2010 * '' Turricula'' Schumacher, 1817 ; Genera moved to other families: * '' Danilacarina'' Bozzetti, 1997, moved to Cochlespiridae * '' Iwaoa'' Kuroda, 1953, moved to '' Horaiclavidae'' ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Melatoma'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''

'' Gray, 1847 * ''Netrum'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Pusionella'' Gray, 1847 * ''Surcula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Turricula'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''Tomella'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Tomellana'' Wenz, 1943 * †'' Trachelochetus'' Cossmann, 1889: synonym of †''Clavatula'' (''Trachelochetus'') Cossmann, 1889 represented as ''Clavatula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''Tyrrhenoturris'' Coen, 1929: synonym of ''

Fusiturris ''Fusiturris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fusiturridae Fusiturridae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea Conoidea is a superfamil ...

'' Thiele, 1929

Ecology

Species from family Clavatulidae are omnivores, predators and scavengers.WoRMS (2009). Clavatulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153900 on 2010-04-01

References

External links

Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: family Clavatulidae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5129591 Taxa named by John Edward Gray