Cimolodonta is a taxon of

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members of the extinct

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

Multituberculata. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ecological niche was assumed by true rodents. The more basal multituberculates are found in a different suborder, " Plagiaulacida", a

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

group containing all non cimolodontan multituberculates. Cimolodonta is apparently a natural (monophyletic) suborder. Remains have been identified from across the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

. They first appeared during the

Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...

, and completely replaced the more primitive plagiaulacidans by the early Late Cretaceous. The taxon is recognized as the informal Paracimexomys group and the superfamilies Djadochtatherioidea, Taeniolabidoidea, and Ptilodontoidea. Additionally, and of uncertain affinities, are the families Cimolomyidae,

Boffiidae ''Boffius'' is a genus of mammal from the Paleocene of Europe, which was named by Vianey-Liaud M. in 1979. It is a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. Boffius lies within the suborder Cimolodonta and is the only known member of ...

Eucosmodontidae Eucosmodontidae is a poorly preserved family of fossil mammals within the extinct order Multituberculata. Representatives are known from strata dating from the Upper Cretaceous through the Lower Eocene of North America, as well as the Paleo ...

, Kogaionidae, Microcosmodontidae and the two genera ''

Uzbekbaatar ''Uzbekbaatar'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, though its further affinities are unclear. The genus was named by Kiela ...

'' and ''

Viridomys ''Viridomys'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. It was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata, and lived during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs." It's within the suborder of ...

''. More precise placement of these types awaits further discoveries and analysis.

Taxonomy

Suborder †Cimolodonta McKenna, 1975 * Superfamily '' Incertae sedis'' ** Family '' Incertae sedis'' *** Subfamily '' Incertae sedis'' **** Genus? ''

Ameribaatar ''Ameribaatar'' is an extinct mammal of the Late Cretaceous. It was a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived in North America during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs". Whether it belongs to Plagiaulac ...

'' Eaton & Cifelli, 2001 **** Genus? '' Bryceomys'' Eaton, 1995 **** Genus '' Cedaromys'' Eaton & Cifelli, 2001 **** Genus? ''

Dakotamys ''Dakotamys'' is a genus of extinct mammal that lived during the Upper Cretaceous. It shared the world with dinosaurs. This small creature was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and was a member o ...

'' Eaton, 1995; (Early Cretaceous, Central North America) **** Genus? '' Fractinus'' Higgins, 2003 **** Genus '' Halodon'' Marsh, 1889 **** Genus '' Ptilodus'' (Marsh, 1889) Gidley, 1909 **** Genus? ''

'' Kielan-Jaworowska & Nesov, 1992 **** Genus? ''

Barbatodon ''Barbatodon'' is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous period. It lived in Transylvania at the same time as some of the last dinosaurs and was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. It is within the suborder of Cimolodonta, and t ...

'' Rãdulescu & Samson, 1986 * " Paracimexomys group" Archibald, 1982 ** Genus '' Paracimexomys'' Archibald, 1982 ** Genus? '' Cimexomys'' Fox, 1971 ** Genus '' Cimexomys'' Sloan & Van Valen, 1965 sensu stricto? * Family

Hahn & Hahn, 1983 ** Genus '' Boffius'' Vianey-Liaud, 1979 * Family Cimolomyidae Marsh, 1889 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 ** Genus ''

Essonodon ''Essonodon'' is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata and lived towards the end of the "age of the dinosaurs." It is within the suborder Cimolodonta and perhaps the ...

'' Simpson, 1927 ** Genus ''

Buginbaatar ''Buginbaatar'' is an extinct genus of mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. It is a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Cimolomyidae. It lived towards the end of the Mesozoic era. The ...

'' Kielan-Jaworowska & Sochava, 1969 ** Genus ''

Meniscoessus ''Meniscoessus'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, lying within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Cimolomyidae. Taxonomy The gen ...

'' Cope, 1882 (syn. ''Dipriodon'' Marsh, 1889, ''Tripriodon'' Marsh, 1889, ''Selenacodon'' Marsh, 1889, ''Halodon'' Marsh, 1889, ''Oracodon'' Marsh, 1889) ** Genus ''

Cimolomys ''Cimolomys'' is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Cimolomyidae. The genus ''Cimolomys'' was named by Othniel Charles Mar ...

'' Marsh, 1889 (syn. ?''Allacodon'' Marsh, 1889; ''Meniscoessus''; ''Ptilodus''; ''Selenacodon'' Marsh, 1889) * Superfamily Ptilodontoidea Cope, 1887 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 & Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 ** Family Cimolodontidae Marsh, 1889 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 *** Genus '' Liotomus'' Lemoine, 1882 *** Genus ''

'' Simpson, 1927 *** Genus '' Anconodon'' Jepsen, 1940 *** Genus '' Cimolodon'' Marsh, 1889 yn. ''Nanomys'' Marsh, 1889, ''Nonomyops'' Marsh, 1892/small> *** Genus '' Neoliotomus'' Jepsen, 1930 ** Family Ptilodontidae Cope, 1887 (syn Ptilodontinae Cope, 1887 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997) *** Genus ''

Kimbetohia ''Kimbetohia'' is a genus of mammal belonging to the extinct order Multituberculata. It lived from the Upper Cretaceous to the Paleocene period in the United States. Taxonomy Two species are known. The type species, ''Kimbetohia campi'', has bee ...

'' Simpson, 1936 *** Genus '' Ptilodus'' Cope, 1881 (''Chirox'' Cope, 1884) *** Genus ''

Baiotomeus ''Baiotomeus'' is a genus of mammals from the extinct order of Multituberculata. It is known from the Paleocene of North America. The genus ''Baiotomeus'' was formally named by Krause in 1987 ( Krause, 1987), and has also been known as ''Mimeto ...

'' Krause, 1987 *** Genus ''

Prochetodon ''Prochetodon'' is a genus of mammals from the extinct order Multituberculata. It lived during the Upper Paleocene and the Lower Eocene in North America. The genus was formally named by G. L. Jepsen in 1940. ( Jepsen, 1940) ''P. cavus'' The s ...

'' Jepsen, 1940 ** Family Neoplagiaulacidae Ameghino, 1890 (syn Neoplagiaulacinae Ameghino, 1890 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997) *** Genus ''

Mesodma ''Mesodma'' is an extinct genus of mammal, a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, family Neoplagiaulacidae. It lived during the upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Periods of what is now North America. The e ...

'' Marsh, 1889 *** Genus '' Ectypodus'' Matthew & Cranger, 1921 (Syn. ''Charlesmooria'' Kühne, 1969) *** Genus ''

Mimetodon ''Mimetodon'' is a small mammal from the Paleocene of North America and perhaps Europe. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae. The genus ''Mimetodon'' was named by Je ...

'' Jepsen, 1940 *** Genus ''

Neoplagiaulax ''Neoplagiaulax'' is a mammal genus from the Paleocene of Europe and North America. In the case of the latter continent, there may possibly be some slightly earlier, Upper Cretaceous material too. It existed in the age immediately following the e ...

'' Lemoine, 1882 *** Genus ''

Parectypodus ''Parectypodus'' (meaning "besides '' Ectypodus''") is an extinct genus of mammals that lived from Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Eocene time in North America. It is a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata, suborder Cimolodonta, f ...

'' Jepsen, 1930 *** Genus '' Cernaysia'' Vianey-Liaud, 1986 *** Genus ''

Krauseia ''Krauseia'' is an extinct genus of small mammal from the Paleocene of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata and is within the suborder of Cimolodonta, family Neoplagiaulacidae. The genus was nemed by Vianey-Liaud ...

'' Vianey-Liaud, 1986 *** Genus '' Xyronomys'' Rigby, 1980 *** Genus ''

Xanclomys ''Xanclomys'' is a small mammal from the Paleocene of North America. It was a genus within the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae. The genus ''Xanclomys'', named by Rigby J.K. in 1980, ...

'' Rigby, 1980 *** Genus ''

Mesodmops ''Mesodmops'' is a genus of small mammal from the Eocene of China. It was a late member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. It's within the suborder of Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae Neoplagiaulacidae is a family of mammal ...

'' Tong & Wang, 1994 ** Family Kogaionidae Rãdulescu & Samson, 1996 *** Genus ''

'' Rãdulescu & Samson, 1996 *** Genus ''

Hainina ''Hainina'' is an extinct mammal genus from the latest Cretaceous to the Paleocene of Europe. Genus The genus ''Hainina'' ("from Hainin") was named by Vianey-Liaud M. in 1979. This genus was originally referred to as Cimolomyidae. "We assign ...

'' Vianey-Liaud, 1979 *** Genus ''

Kogaionon :''See Kogaionon ungureanui for the mammal from the Upper Cretaceous.'' Kogaionon was the holy mountain of the Geto-Dacians, the place where Zalmoxis stayed in a cave for three years. After his disappearance into Kogaionon, he was considered dead ...

'' Rãdulescu & Samson, 1996 ** Family

Jepsen, 1940 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 (syn. Eucosmodontinae Jepsen, 1940 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997) *** Genus '' Clemensodon'' Krause, 1992 *** Genus ''

Eucosmodon ''Eucosmodon'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene of North America. It is a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata within the suborder of Cimolodonta, and the family Eucosmodontidae. This genus has partly also been know ...

'' Matthew & Granger, 1921 *** Genus ''

Stygimys ''Stygimys'' is an extinct mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, family Eucosmodontidae. The genus ''Stygimys'' ("Styx mouse ...

'' Sloan & Van Valen, 1965 ** Family Microcosmodontidae Holtzman & Wolberg, 1977 (syn Microcosmodontinae Holtzman & Wolberg, 1977 McKenna & Bell, 1997) *** Genus '' Pentacosmodon'' Jepsen, 1940 *** Genus ''

Acheronodon ''Acheronodon'' is a genus of herbivorous arboreal mammal which belongs to the family Microcosmodontidae and which was endemic to North America during the Early Paleocene subepoch (66—56.8 mya) and in existence for approximately . It is a mem ...

'' Archibald, 1982 *** Genus ''

Microcosmodon ''Microcosmodon'' is a mammal genus from the Paleocene of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, and lies within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Microcosmodontidae. The genus ''Microcosmodon'' was named by G.L. ...

'' Jepsen, 1930 * Superfamily Djadochtatherioidea Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 (syn Djadochtatheria Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997) ** Genus? '' Bulganbaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 ** Genus? '' Chulsanbaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 ** Genus '' Nemegtbaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 ** Family

Sloanbaataridae Sloanbaataridae is a family of fossil mammals within the extinct order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. These small herbivores lived during the "age of the dinosaurs". This family is part of the suborder ...

Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 *** Genus '' Kamptobaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1970 *** Genus ''

Nessovbaatar ''Nessovbaatar'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. It eked out its living in the company of Central Asian dinosaurs. This animal was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolod ...

'' Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997 *** Genus ''

Sloanbaatar ''Sloanbaatar'' is a mammal genus that lived in Mongolia during the Upper Cretaceous. It lived at the same time as the dinosaurs. This animal was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and the family ...

'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 ** Family Djadochtatheriidae Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997 *** Genus '' Djadochtatherium'' Simpson, 1925 *** Genus '' Catopsbaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 *** Genus '' Tombaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 *** Genus '' Kryptobaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1970 (syn ''Gobibaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska, 1970, ''Tugrigbaatar'' Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1978) * Superfamily Taeniolabidoidea Granger & Simpson, 1929 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001 ** Genus ''

Prionessus ''Prionessus'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene of Central Asia. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and superfamily Taeniolabidoidea. The genus was named by Matthew W.D. and Gran ...

'' Matthew & Granger, 1925 ** Family Taeniolabididae Granger & Simpson, 1929 *** Genus ''

Kimbetopsalis ''Kimbetopsalis simmonsae'' was an ancient mammal (a multituberculate Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanni ...

'' Sarah, 2015 *** Genus '' Taeniolabis'' Cope, 1882 ** Family

Lambdopsalidae Lambdopsalidae is a family of extinct multituberculate mammals from the Late Paleocene of Asia. They are part of Taeniolabidoidea, a clade otherwise present in the Early Paleocene (and possibly the Late Cretaceous) of North America; lambdopsalids ...

*** Genus ''

Sphenopsalis ''Sphenopsalis'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene of Central Asia. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, and lies within the suborder Cimolodonta and the superfamily Taeniolabidoidea. The genus was named by Willia ...

'' Matthew, Granger & Simpson, 1928 *** Genus ''

Lambdopsalis ''Lambdopsalis bulla'' is an extinct multituberculate mammal from the Late Paleocene of China and Mongolia. It is placed within the suborder Cimolodonta and is a member of the superfamily Taeniolabidoidea. Fossil remains have been found in the L ...

'' Chow & Qi, 1978

References

* Kielan-Jaworowska Z. and Hurum J.H. (2001), "Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals". ''Paleontology'' 44, p. 389-429. * Much of this information has been derived fro

Multituberculata Cope, 1884. {{Taxonbar, from=Q603912 Cimolodonts, Eocene extinctions Cretaceous first appearances