Chullkani (possibly a broken name from

Aymara Aymara may refer to: Languages and people * Aymaran languages, the second most widespread Andean language ** Aymara language, the main language within that family ** Central Aymara, the other surviving branch of the Aymara(n) family, which today ...

Chullunkhäni ("the one with the icicles"), Hispanicized spelling ''Chullcani'') is a

volcano A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are ...

in the Cordillera Occidental in the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

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. It is located in the

Oruro Department Oruro (; Quechua: ''Uru Uru''; Aymara: ''Ururu'') is a department of Bolivia, with an area of . Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178. Provinces of Oruro The departme ...

Sajama Province Sajama is a province in the northwestern parts of the Bolivian Oruro Department. Location ''Sajama'' province is one of the sixteen provinces in the Oruro Department. It is located between 17° 39' and 18° 39' South and between 67° 38' and 68° ...

Turco Municipality Turco Municipality is the second Municipalities of Bolivia, municipal section of the Sajama Province in the Oruro Department in Bolivia, and was founded on February 15, 1957.

. It lies near two lower peaks both named Wayna Chullunkhäni ("young Chullunkhäni"). The eastern one called Wayna Chullunkhäni (Hispanicized ''Huayna Chulluncani'') lies at , and the one northwest of Chullkani, also spelled ''Huayna Chuluncani'', lies at at a creek named Wayna Chullkani ''(Huayna Chullcani)''. Activity at Chullkani commenced in the upper Miocene with the

cryptodome In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on ...

Ch'ankha Muqu. This lava dome is formed by porphyritic

andesite Andesite () is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predomi ...

and has dimensions of at an altitude of . Later, southeast of Chullkani formed the

rhyolitic Rhyolite ( ) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral ...

Yapu Qullu lava dome. Crystalline flows named Thuwas Qalani ''(Tobas Khalani)'' are up to thick and contain lithic fragments and

pumice Pumice (), called pumicite in its powdered or dust form, is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough-textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. It is typically light-colored. Scoria is another vesicular vol ...

. Chullkani proper formed 6.13± 0.12 Ma from andesites. Another group of five peaks stretching northeast are lava domes and named Jitiri, Picha Qullu ''(Picha Kkollu)'', Llallawi ''(Llalahui)'' (or Llallani),

Jach'a K'uchu Jach'a K'uchu (Aymara ''jach'a'' big, ''k'uchu, q'uch'u'' corner, "big corner", Hispanicized spelling ''Jachacucho'') is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Moquegua Region, Mariscal Nieto Province, Carumas District ...

and Wila Lat'arata. A

dacite Dacite () is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. ...

lava dome named Liyun Ikiña was erupted 6.2±0.4 Ma. During the

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58trachytic Trachyte () is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanitic (fine-grained), with minor amounts of mafic minerals, and is formed by the rapid cooling of lava enriched with silica and alk ...

Pérez Formation which crops out north of Chullkani. In the Wanq'u Jaqhi gorge ''(Huancoaki)'', these deposits crop out . Andesitic lavas erupted 2.3±0.2 Ma are named Wichhu Qullu lavas. Another effusive activity generated the Carbón Qullu lavas ''(Carbon Kollu)'' and finally the Pukara lava dome, whose collapse generated the Thuwas Ventilla pyroclastic flow.

References

Volcanoes of Oruro Department Miocene volcanoes {{Oruro-geo-stub