Christ Church, South Yarra

Christ Church, South Yarra is the Anglican parish church of the suburb of South Yarra in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The parish is in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne or High Church tradition; it was the location of the ordination of the first woman to be a deaconess in Australia in 1884.

History

The earliest history of the church and parish is complicated. In 1852 land was set aside for a parish district including what is now South Yarra. Community meetings were held in the Ayres Arms Hotel and the South Yarra Hotel (now the Arcadia), and early services were held in the nearby Presbyterian Sunday School. The first vicar was appointed in 1855. The church was dedicated as Christ Church in either late 1855 or early 1856. Construction of the church itself began in April 1856 following the laying of a foundation stone by Major General Edward Macarthur, and was sufficiently advanced by April 1857 for the first service to be held in it. It was enlarged in 1860. The church was consecrated in 1875 by Dr Thornton, Bishop of Ballarat. The tower and spire were built later: the foundation stone was laid in 1881 by Sir Henry Brougham Loch, the Governor of the colony. The spire was modelled on that of Salisbury Cathedral. The spire and south aisle were completed in 1886; the north aisle in 1887.

In 1884 Bishop Moorhouse ordained Marion Macfarlane to be the first deaconess in Australia in Christ Church. Moorhouse explicitly used the term 'ordination'.

The vicarage was built during the incumbency of the first Vicar, the Rev William Guinness, in 1859. It was the birthplace of the founder of the Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fr Gerard Tucker, in 1885. Since 2012, the Brotherhood of St Laurence has held an annual Gerard Tucker Oration at Christ Church.

Christ Church Grammar School was established as a parish primary school in 1898, and remains associated with the parish.

Architecture

The church is located on the corner of Toorak and Punt Roads; its tall spire is a local landmark. The church is built of local bluestone. Although the original proposal had been to engage the architect Charles Vickers with a design with a central tower and freestone facings, this plan fell through due to lack of funds. The next plan was for a tin tabernacle, built by Hemmings of Bristol. Nothing came of this poorly-received proposal, and in late 1855 the parish building committee chose a design by Charles Webb and James Taylor. This was in preference to a design by Joseph Reed. The tower (built of Oamaru stone) and spire and aisles were built later to a design by Reed, Henderson and Smart.

The north transept is the Lady Chapel, and was set out as such in 1940. For many years the south transept was used as a chapel for Christ Church Grammar School. The church has a kauri pine rood screen and pulpit, both dating from 1890 and designed by G.A. Badger. The high altar was replaced in 1937, the new high altar being designed by Hadwen and Houghton, and the old high altar being given to the parish of St John's, Bungaree in 1939.

Other features include an alabaster bust by William Wetmore Story depicting Lt Alexander Gordon Anderson, and General Sir Harry Chauvel's sword.

The church is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Stained glass

Three windows in the north transept depicting the Life of Joseph are the work of Clayton and Bell; they were installed in 1868 and were given in memory of the first Premier of Victoria, William Haines. The south transept windows (depicting the Good Samaritan, Solomon's Temple, and Christ and the Samaritan Woman) are also probably the work of Clayton & Bell.

The three windows in the sanctuary above the high altar were the work of Ferguson and Urie, and were installed in 1881. The west window depicts the Resurrection, and was installed by John Brown of Brooks, Robinson & Co in 1892.

The windows in the south wall of the nave depict the Blessed Virgin, by Mathieson Stained Glass, and the Sacrifice of Isaac, by John Hughes of Hughes and Rogers, dating from 1892. A slightly earlier rose window in the west of the nave (1889), by Charles Rogers & Co, depicts the Agnus Dei. The Horace Tucker memorial window in the baptistry, and the windows depicting St Michael, St Paul, the Ascension and the Baptism of Jesus, were the work of William Montgomery. There is also a window depicting a portrait of the first Vicar, William Guinness, by Napier Waller from 1961.

Organ

A harmonium was installed in the gallery in the first stage of the church in 1857. In 1869, shortly before it was replaced, it was described in the ''Weekly Times'' as a "large old harmonium, … the tone of hichis extremely suggestive of a weary old man whose lungs are nearly gone, and who is afflicted with chronic asthma. It is a most villainous piece of machinery." This was replaced by a two-manual William Hill & Sons pipe organ in 1871. It was rebuilt and enlarged by George Fincham & Sons in 1916 and again by Hill & Sons' successor firm Hill, Norman & Beard in 1954. Further additions were made by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd in 1962 and by Hill, Norman & Beard in 1965. By the 1970s and 80s it became increasingly unreliable mechanically, and was unsuccessful tonally owing to the disparate nature of its contents. In 1998 it was replaced by a three-manual instrument built by the Irish organbuilder Kenneth Jones and Associates. The majority of the older pipework was retained, suitably revoiced, but with some new material. The console and casework are made from oak retrieved from a redundant Abbot and Smith organ in Ireland.

An early organist (1861-62) was Charles Edward Horsley, a pupil of Mendelssohn's, who resigned after six months, frustrated by Guinness's loyalty to Bishop Perry's injunctions against music, Perry being an extreme Evangelical. Leonard Fullard was the organist for the lengthy period of 1949-87.

Music

There is a strong musical tradition at Christ Church, and it has been the venue for a number of premiere performances, including John Carmichael's ''Piano Concerto No. 2'' in 2011, a carol-motet ''Bethlehem without a sound'' by Daniel Riley with words by Katherine Firth in 2018, and ''Lest We Forget'', an arrangement by Matthew Orlovich in 2018.

Mission

Christ Church describes its mission as sharing God's love for the world, aiming to be a community of hospitality, education, and outreach that
invites everyone to experience God's generosity, nurtures and matures Christian faith and ministry, and brings the Gospel to our neighbourhood and beyond.

Vicars

Six of Christ Church’s vicars have gone on to become bishops.
*William Newton Guinness, 1855-1880.
*Horace Finn Tucker, 1880-1908.
*Leonard Townsend, 1908-1938.
* Charles Herbert Murray, 1938-1944. Murray was subsequently Bishop of Riverina; he died in 1950 in the ''Amana'' accident.
* John David McKie, 1944-1946. McKie was subsequently an assistant bishop in Melbourne. (McKie's older brother, Sir William McKie was the director of music at the Coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953.)
* James Alan George Housden, 1946-1947. Housden was subsequently Bishop of Rockhampton and then Bishop of Newcastle.
*James Archibald Schofield, 1947-1954.
*Sydney Thomas Ball, 1954-1965.
* John Basil Rowland Grindrod, 1965-1966. Grindrod was subsequently Bishop of Riverina, Bishop of Rockhampton, and Archbishop of Brisbane and Anglican Primate.
* David Hubert Warner Shand, 1966-1969. Shand was subsequently the last Bishop of St Arnaud.
*Evan William Wetherell, 1970-1982. Wetherell was subsequently Dean of St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale.
*David Brooke Warner, 1982-1992.
*Desmond Ernest Benfield, 1993-2006.
* Richard Stanley Treloar, 2007-2018. Treloar is currently (2021) the Bishop of Gippsland.
*Craig D'Alton, since 2019.

Curates

Notable curates include the Irish composer George Torrance, Stephen Hart, who became Bishop of Wangaratta, Maurice Kelly, the founder of the Community of the Ascension, and Allen Winter, who became Bishop of St Arnaud.

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Christ Church, South Yarra
Churches completed in 1857
Heritage-listed buildings in Melbourne
Anglo-Catholic churches in Australia
Christ Church, South Yarra
19th-century Anglican church buildings
1856 establishments in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of Melbourne (LGA)