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Chitonida is an order of
chiton Chitons () are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora (), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized. They are also sometimes known as gumboots or sea cradles or coat-of-mail s ...
s.


Taxonomy

* Suborder
Chitonina Chitonina is a suborder of polyplacophoran mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of mollu ...
Thiele, 1910 * Superfamily Chitonoidea
Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 ** Family † Ochmazochitonidae Hoare et Smith, 1984 *** †'' Ochmazochiton'' Hoare et Smith, 1984 ** Family
Ischnochitonidae Ischnochitonidae is a family of polyplacophoran mollusc belonging to the superfamily Chitonoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespec ...
Dall, 1889 *** ''
Ischnochiton file: Ischnochiton spp.jpg, ''Ischnochiton'' spp. (unknown species) from South Africa ''Ischnochiton'' is a genus of chiton, polyplacophoran mollusc. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ischnochiton Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Regis ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Stenochiton'' Adams et Angas, 1864 *** ''
Stenoplax ''Stenoplax'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs in the family Ischnochitonidae Ischnochitonidae is a family of polyplacophoran mollusc belonging to the superfamily Chitonoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Ischnochitonidae ...
''
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
) Dall, 1879 *** ''
Lepidozona ''Lepidozona'' is a genus of chitons belonging to the family Ischnochitonidae. The species of this genus are found on the coasts of Pacific Ocean. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Lepidozona'': *''Lepidozona acostata ...
''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1892 *** '' Stenosemus'' Middendorff, 1847 *** ''
Subterenochiton ''Subterenochiton'' is a genus of chitons, marine polyplacophoran molluscs, in the family Ischnochitonidae Ischnochitonidae is a family of polyplacophoran mollusc belonging to the superfamily Chitonoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). Mollusca ...
'' Iredale et Hull, 1924 *** ''
Thermochiton ''Thermochiton'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs in the family Ischnochitonidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thermochiton Saito & Okutani, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies. ...
'' Saito et Okutani, 1990 *** '' Connexochiton'' Kaas, 1979 *** '' Tonicina'' Thiele, 1906 ** Family
Callistoplacidae Callistoplacidae is a family of chitons belonging to the order Chitonida Chitonida is an order of chitons. Taxonomy * Suborder Chitonina Thiele, 1910 * Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815 ** Family † Ochmazochitonidae Hoare et Smith, ...
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** '' Ischnoplax'' Dall, 1879 *** ''
Callistochiton ''Callistochiton'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs, alive today, of which fossils are known from the Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58
''
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
) Dall *** ''
Callistoplax ''Callistoplax'' is a monotypic genus of chitons belonging to the family Callistoplacidae Callistoplacidae is a family of chitons belonging to the order Chitonida Chitonida is an order of chitons. Taxonomy * Suborder Chitonina Thiele, 1910 ...
'' Dall, 1882 *** '' Ceratozona'' Dall, 1882 *** '' Calloplax'' Thiele, 1909 ** Family
Chaetopleuridae Chaetopleuridae is a family of chitons. They are marine molluscs. Genera Two genera are known in this family: * '' Chaetopleura'' Shuttleworth, 1853 * ''Dinoplax ''Dinoplax'' is a genus of chitons in the family Chaetopleuridae. They are mari ...
Plate, 1899 *** '' Chaetopleura'' Shuttleworth, 1853 *** ''
Dinoplax ''Dinoplax'' is a genus of chitons in the family Chaetopleuridae. They are marine molluscs. Taxonomy Species in this genus include:http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php search term Dinoplax accessed 7 April 2010 * ''Dinoplax chelazziana'' (Ferr ...
'' Carpenter MS, Dall, 1882http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php search term Dinoplax accessed 7 April 2010 ** Family Loricidae Iredale et Hull, 1923 *** '' Lorica'' Adams & Adams, 1852 *** '' Loricella''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** '' Oochiton'' Ashby, 1929 ** Family
Callochitonidae Callochitonidae is a family of molluscs belonging to the order Chitonida. Genera: * ''Callochiton'' Gray, 1847 * '' Eudoxochiton'' Shuttleworth, 1853 * ''Leloupia ''Leloupia'' is a monotypic genus of chitons belonging to the family Callochitoni ...
Plate, 1901 *** ''
Callochiton ''Callochiton'' is a genus of chitons in the family Callochitonidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Callochiton Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1 ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Eudoxochiton'' Shuttleworth, 1853 *** '' Vermichiton'' Kaas, 1979 ** Family
Chitonidae Chitonidae is a family of chitons or polyplacophorans, marine mollusks whose shell is composed of eight articulating plates or valves. There are fifteen extant genera in three subfamilies. Subfamilies and genera Subfamilies and genera within th ...
Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 *** Subfamily Chitoninae
Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 *** ''
Chiton Chitons () are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora (), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized. They are also sometimes known as gumboots or sea cradles or coat-of-mail s ...
''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
 *** '' Amaurochiton'' Thiele, 1893 *** ''
Radsia ''Radsia'' is a genus of chitons belonging to the family Chitonidae. The species of this genus are found in Southern America and Africa. Species: *''Radsia barnesii'' *''Radsia goodallii'' *''Radsia nigrovirescens'' *''Radsia sulcatus'' Re ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Sypharochiton'' Thiele, 1893 *** '' Nodiplax'' Beu, 1967 *** ''
Rhyssoplax ''Rhyssoplax'' is a genus of chitons in the family (biology), family Chitonidae, endemism, endemic to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, and the Kermadec Islands. Species * ''Rhyssoplax aerea'' (Lovell Augustus Reeve, Reeve, ...
'' Thiele, 1893 *** '' Teguloaplax'' Iredale & Hull, 1926 *** ''
Mucrosquama ''Mucrosquama'' is a genera, genus of chitons, a polyplacophoran mollusc in the family (biology), family Chitonidae, first described in 1926 by Tom Iredale and Arthur Francis Basset Hull. The type species is ''Mucrosquama carnosus'' first describ ...
'' Iredale, 1893 *** Subfamily Toniciinae
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** ''
Tonicia ''Tonicia'' is a genera, genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family (biology), family Chitonidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.mar ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** ''
Onithochiton ''Onithochiton'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae, which is distributed from Australia and New Zealand to South Africa. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Onithochiton Gray, 1847. Accessed through: ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** Subfamily Acanthopleurinae Dall, 1889 *** ''
Acanthopleura ''Acanthopleura'' is a genus of chitons in the family Chitonidae Chitonidae is a family of chitons or polyplacophorans, marine mollusks whose shell is composed of eight articulating plates or valves. There are fifteen extant genera in three s ...
'' Guilding, 1829 *** '' Liolophura''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** ''
Enoplochiton ''Enoplochiton niger'' is a Southeast Pacific species of chiton, a marine polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Chitonidae, the typical chitons. It is the only species in the genus ''Enoplochiton''.Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Squamopleura'' Nierstrasz, 1905 ** Superfamily Schizochitonoidea Dall, 1889 ** Family Schizochitonidae Dall, 1889 *** '' Incissiochiton'' Van Belle, 1985 *** '' Schizochiton''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 * Suborder Acanthochitonina Bergenhayn, 1930 ** Superfamily Mopalioidea Dall, 1889 ** Family Tonicellidae Simroth, 1894 ** Subfamily Tonicellinae Simroth, 1894 *** ''
Lepidochitona ''Lepidochitona'' is a genus of chitons. It has been included in the families Tonicellidae, Ischnochitonidae, and Lepidochitonidae.Schwabe, E., et al. (2014)''Lepidochitona''.World Register of Marine Species. '' L. raymondi'' is the only herm ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1821 *** '' Particulazona'' Kaas, 1993 *** '' Boreochiton'' Sars, 1878 *** ''
Tonicella ''Tonicella'' is a genus of chitons known as the lined chitons. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicella Carpenter, 1873. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138 ...
''
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
, 1873 *** ''
Nuttallina ''Nuttallina'' is a genus of chitons Chitons () are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora (), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized. They are also sometimes known as gum ...
'' (
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
) Dall, 1871 *** ''
Spongioradsia ''Spongioradsia'' is an genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. ''Spongioradsia'' became extinct during the Oligocene period. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Spongioradsia Pilsbry, 1894. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...
''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1894 *** '' Oligochiton'' Berry, 1922 ** Subfamily Juvenichitoninae Sirenko, 1975 *** '' Juvenichiton'' Sirenko, 1975 *** '' Micichiton'' Sirenko, 1975 *** '' Nanichiton'' Sirenko, 1975 ** Family Schizoplacidae Bergenhayn, 1955 *** '' Schizoplax'' Dall, 1878 ** Family
Mopaliidae Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora. Genera There are 10 recognized genera: * '' Amicula'' Gray, 1847 * '' Dendrochiton'' Berry, 1911 * '' Gallardochiton'' Sirenko, 2007 * ''Katharina'' Gray, 1847 * ''Mopalia'' ...
Dall, 1889 ** Subfamily Heterochitoninae Van Belle, 1978 *** '' Heterochiton'' Fucini, 1912 *** '' Allochiton'' Fucini, 1912 ** Subfamily Mopaliinae Dall, 1889 *** '' Aerilamma'' Hull, 1924 *** ''
Guildingia ''Plaxiphora'' is a genus of chitons in the family (biology), family Mopaliidae. Species * ''Plaxiphora albida'' (Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, Blainville, 1825) * ''Plaxiphora atlantica'' * ''Plaxiphora aurata'' (Spalowsky 1795) * ''Plax ...
''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** '' Frembleya'' Adams, 1866 *** ''
Diaphoroplax ''Diaphoroplax'' is a genera, genus of chitons in the family (biology), family Mopaliidae. It is considered a synonym of ''Plaxiphora'' Gray, 1847. Species * ''Diaphoroplax biramosus'' (Quoy and Gaimard) * References

* Arthur William Baden ...
'' Iredale, 1914 *** '' Plaxiphora''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Placiphorina'' Kaas & Van Belle, 1994 *** '' Nuttallochiton'' Plate, 1899 *** ''
Mopalia Mopalia is a genus of chitons in the family Mopaliidae. Species Species include:
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** ''
Maorichiton ''Maorichiton'' is a defunct genus of chitons in the family Mopaliidae. Species Species within this genus included: * '' Maorichiton caelatus'' (Reeve, 1847) * '' Maorichiton schauinslandi'' (Thiele, 1909) These two species are now recognized ...
'' Iredale, 1914 *** '' Placiphorella'' (
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
MS) Dall, 1879 *** ''
Katharina Katharina is a feminine given name. It is a German form of Katherine. It may refer to: In television and film: *Katharina Bellowitsch, Austrian radio and TV presenter *Katharina Mückstein, Austrian film director *Katharina Thalbach, German actre ...
''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 *** '' Amicula''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1847 ** Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea Adams & A. Adams, 1858 ** Family
Acanthochitonidae Acanthochitonidae is a family of chitons, marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora. Description These small to large chitons are characterised by a broad girdle with erect tufts of up to ten large bristles. The coarsely granular valves of the ...
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 ** Subfamily Acanthochitoninae
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** '' Acanthochitona''
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1921 *** ''
Craspedochiton ''Craspedochiton'' is a genera, genus of chitons in the family (biology), family Acanthochitonidae, endemism, endemic to New Zealand, the Philippines and Australia. Species * ''Craspedochiton aberrans'' (Odhner, 1919) * ''Craspedochiton cornutus ...
'' Shuttleworth, 1853 *** '' Spongiochiton'' (
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
MS) Dall, 1882 *** ''
Notoplax ''Notoplax'' is a genus of chitons in the family Acanthochitonidae.Bouchet, P.; Schwabe, E. (2012). Notoplax. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206244 on 2012-04-17 Spe ...
'' Adams, 1861 *** '' Pseudotonicia'' Ashby, 1928 *** '' Bassethullia''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1928 *** '' Americhiton'' Watters, 1990 *** '' Choneplax'' (
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
MS) Dall, 1882 *** '' Cryptoconchus'' (
de Blainville Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (; 12 September 1777 – 1 May 1850) was a French zoologist and anatomist. Life Blainville was born at Arques, near Dieppe. As a young man he went to Paris to study art, but ultimately devoted himself to natur ...
MS) Burrow, 1815 ** Subfamily Cryptochitoninae
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1893 *** ''
Cryptochiton The gumboot chiton (''Cryptochiton stelleri''), also known as the giant western fiery chiton or giant Pacific chiton, is the largest of the chitons, growing to and capable of reaching a weight of more than . It is found along the shores of the ...
'' Middendorff, 1847 ** Family Hemiarthridae Sirenko, 1997 *** '' Hemiarthrum''
Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...
in Dall, 1876 *** '' Weedingia'' Kaas, 1988 ** Family Choriplacidae Ashby, 1928 *** '' Choriplax''
Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...
, 1894 ** Family Cryptoplacidae Adams & Adams, 1858 *** '' Cryptoplax'' Blainville, 1818


References


External links


Chitonida
a
UniProt.org
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5102273 Chitons