The China Film Archive (CFA) is a Chinese film archive located in

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

that is owned and operated by the

Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party The Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, also known as the Propaganda Department or Central Propaganda Department, is an internal division of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in charge of spreading Id ...

. It was founded to preserve existing Chinese films and restore ‘lost’ films. In recent years it has collaborated with international film bodies to assist in film preservation and has organised numerous events, most notably the

Beijing International Film Festival The Beijing International Film Festival (Chinese: 北京国际电影节), abbreviated BJIFF, is a film festival in Beijing, China. Founded in 2011, the film festival is supported and sponsored by China Film Administration, China Media Group an ...

Aim

The intention of the Archive upon its foundation was for preserving Chinese films and screening them in rural areas. In 2012, approximately 2,400 Chinese-produced films between 1905 and 1976 were stored in the archive. Overtime, the Archive has extended its services towards digitally restoring both Chinese and international films. In addition, the Archive undertakes research projects directed at finding ‘lost’ films and abandoned filmmaking practises.

Organisation

History

Early establishment (1958–1979)

The Archive was founded in 1958 by the

Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...

. Prior to the foundation of the Archive, the China Film Management Corporation - which was founded in 1951 - served to oversee the national distribution of Chinese films. This body was renamed in 1958 to the China Film Distribution and Exhibition Corporation. The Archive was restricted during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) as Chinese films became of national interest. In 1971 the Archive and the China Film Distribution and Exhibition Corporation merged to establish the China Film Corporation. The role of this entity was to acquire all Chinese-made films and convert them into film prints which could be distributed in mainland China. The group dissolved several years later, and the Archive became its own organisation, however the name – China Film Corporation – is still in use.

Later developments (1980–present)

By 1980, under the leadership of Wang Hui, the Archive had acquired 10,000 film titles, in which 30% of these were nitrate copies. In 1984, the Archive partnered with the Cinema Research Office of the Institute of Art Research, to establish the China Film Art Research Centre (CFARC). The CFARC currently participates in research and restoration projects, as a division of the Archive. During the 1980s the Archive organised several, week-long screenings of Chinese films in which Chinese scholars and critics also become involved in the Archive through delivering papers. During this time the Archive held notable pre-release screenings of films such as ''Transmigration'' in December 1988, an event attended by Beijing Film Critics Li Tuo and Zheng Dongtian. Under the leadership of Chen Jingliang from 1988 to 2006, The CFARC expanded and by 1999 the CFARC expanded its vault to store 25,000 Chinese and foreign films and had 15,000 books, magazines and other written materials in their archive. In 2005, in celebration of the Archive's centenary anniversary, a new building was opened. Macau Science & Technology University

As of 2020, the Archive was led by Sun Xianghui, who was also a Guest Professor at the

MACAU University of Science and Technology The Macau University of Science and Technology (M.U.S.T., ; pt, Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia de Macau) is a private university founded in 2000 at Taipa, Macau, China. M.U.S.T. is acknowledged by Macau Education and Youth Developmen ...

. The Archive continues with film restoration efforts and has hosted numerous national conferences discussing subsections of film genres. In addition, the Archive assisted in regulating imported and exported films to and from China. The Archive currently holds historical artefacts – besides film prints – including photographs and documentaries of notable events. The Beijing Archive is separated into two sections, with one specifically for film and another section for written materials including scripts. In 2012 the archive began to screen silent, Chinese animated films with an arranged, musical accompaniment. This is notable as the practise of screening silent with live music was not common. In 2018, the journal ''Contemporary Animation (Dangdai Donghua)'' was launched by the

State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) is a ministry-level executive agency controlled by the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main task is the administration and supervision of state-owned enterpr ...

and the China Film Art Research Center. The journal is published on a quarterly basis and is notable as the only academic journal in mainland China to focus specifically on film animation. Each issue is separated into subtopics including new research, observation, education and new ‘theory hotspots’. The film magazine, ''China Film Int.'', was established in 2020 as a collaborative project between the Archive and the non-profit organisation, the UK-China Film Collab. The magazine contains articles in English, from students, researchers and freelance journalists, about news on Chinese cinema and discursive pieces on contemporary cinema and animation. It is edited and published by the Archive.

Current operations

Funding

Currently the Archive is expanded across two separate locations: with one archive located in Beijing and another in Xi’an, Shaanxi. The Archive is state owned and operated, with the Chinese Communist Party granting the Archive 35 million yuan annually for restoration projects and sponsoring a program which screens films in rural, Chinese communities. The Archive's director, Sun Xianghui, referred to this program in an interview in Easternkicks as ‘1 month, 1 village, 1 film’, which operates by a single employee travelling with a digital projector to set up large, outdoor screenings of recently restored Chinese films. This program has expanded to screen multiple films per month and now the films shown are tailored towards the ‘needs’ of each rural area.

Education

The Archive offers post-graduate courses to Chinese students only. These courses include a three-year master's degree which is limited to 20 students per year and heavily focuses on Chinese film history. In addition, in a 2014 interview with Sun Xianghui, he explained that the archive had undertaken a project towards publishing a film ‘oral history’ series, featuring interviews with Chinese directors and other film personnel. Since the project's institution in 2008, four out of thirty volumes have been published.

Film distribution

The Measures for Control over Imported Films Regulations - which was introduced in October 1981 – mandates that all international feature films must be approved by the

Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture may refer to: *Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania) *Ministry of Culture (Algeria) *Ministry of Culture (Argentina) * Minister for the Arts (Australia) *Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan) * Ministry of ...

before they can be handed over to film distributors including the Archive. In relation to the screening of films produced outside of mainland China, 34 international films are permitted for public screening each year. These films are distributed by either China Film Group or Huaxia Film Distribution, for a flat-fee payment. However, the Archive does not fall under this quota as the Archive pays for the copyright to screen these films, not to commercially distribute them. Since 2016, the Archive has expanded its number of art-house cinema complexes. In collaboration with

Huaxia Film Distribution Huaxia Film Distribution () is a Chinese film distribution company. In 2014, the company was the second-largest film distributor in China, gaining 22.89% of the market. Filmography *''Drug Wars (film)'' (2012) *''The Taking of Tiger Mountain'' ( ...

and

Wanda Cinema Line Wanda Cinemas () is a cinema operator in China, headquartered in the Wanda Plaza ( 万达广场) in Chaoyang District, Beijing. This film body was designed to approve national and international art-house films for distribution in mainland China. As of 2017, over 300 new screens had been built per year in 31 of China's provinces and regions. Xianghui, stated that these films would be curated thematically and would rotate on an annual schedule, integrating these with other commercial films. This project is financially arranged through a flat-fee payment and an additional revenue payment. After passing through censorship tests, which including banning themes of

LGBT ' is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. The LGBT term is a ...

, politics and nudity, the films bought would be publicly shown by Chinese distributors, who would also be responsible for their marketing.

Preservation and notable events

National preservation and events

Preservation and presentation of Chinese films

One notable recent restoration project was that of the Chinese silent-era film'' The Goddess (1934).'' As part of the archive's Digital Restoration Project - which launched in 2005 - ''The Goddess'' is one film that was digitally restored in both sound and visual quality, for re-distribution and screenings. The project was completed in 2014 and was screened at the 58th

BFI London Film Festival The BFI London Film Festival is an annual film festival founded in 1957 and held in the United Kingdom, running for two weeks in October with co-operation from the British Film Institute. It screens more than 300 films, documentaries and shor ...

alongside a new orchestral score for the film composed by Zou Ye.

= 'Restored Treasures' Series

= The Archive works closely with other film archives, particularly the Chinese Taipei Film Archive and the

Hong Kong Film Archive The Hong Kong Film Archive is a film archive collects, preserves, and screens Hong Kong films and other related materials. The archive was founded in 1993, when its Planning Office was opened by the Urban Council. It joined the Internationa ...

. Between February and April 2014, the Hong Kong Film Archive screened four films that had recently been restored by the China Film Archive, as part of a ‘Restored Treasures’ series. The four films presented included the silent, short film '' Laborer’s Love (1922),'' the silent film ''Red Heroine'' (1929), and the black and white films, ''

Spring in a Small Town ''Spring in a Small Town'' is a 1948 black-and-white Chinese film, written by Li Tianji () and directed by Fei Mu, a director known for his empathetic portrayal of women.Daruvala, S. (2007). The aesthetics and moral politics of Fei Mu's Spring in ...

'' (1948), and ''Captain Guan'' (1951). Film critics were also invited to speak to the audience on their opinions of the film and two of the films shown featured a live music accompaniment by Kung Chi-shing and Shame Aspergren. The 'Restored Treasures' series also included the screening of Chinese animated films. The first series, 'Restored Treasures: The Enigma of Chinese Animations (1)' premiered in May 2014, and screened the films; ''The Mouse and the Frog'' (1934), '' Princess Iron-Fan'' (1941)'', The Kite'' (1943) and ''Dreaming to Be Emperor'' (1947). The second series titled, 'The Enigma of Chinese Animation (2)' premiered on June 1, 2014. The programme featured films including ''The'' ''Proud General'' (1956), ''

Pigsy Eats Watermelon ''Pigsy Eats Watermelon'' () is a 1958 Chinese animation short film produced at the Shanghai Animation Film Studio by Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan. It is also translated as ''"Mr. Pig Eats Watermelon"'' or ''"Zhu Bajie Eats Watermelon"''. Wan Guc ...

'' (1958), ''Where Is Mamma?'' (1960) and ''The Cowherd's Flute'' (1963). The final series, 'The Engima of Chinese Animation (3)' premiered a month later on July 6, 2014. The film lineup included ''

Three Monks ''Three Monks'' (), also translated as ''The Three Buddhist Priests'', is a Chinese animated short film produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio (SAFS). After the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, the film was one of the first animati ...

'' (1980) and ''The Deer Fairy'' (1981). These screenings also included a talk by animators Neco Lo, Keeto Lam and Yu Man-fai. Table 1 is a summary of all of the animated films shown during the series. Princessironfan

Events

Between 1st -27 September 1984, the Archive organised a retrospective showing of 46 Chinese films from between 1920 and 1940. The event also featured a conference with Chinese scholars and critics who delivered over 60 research papers. The showing had an attendance of about 20,000 people.

= Joirs Ivens Seminar and Screening (2009)

= In 2009, a seminar and screening of Dutch director Joirs Ivens’ films was held at the archive. This was to acknowledge the relationship between China and Ivens. The seminar was sponsored by the archive and other Chinese film bodies including the China Film Museum, the Huaxia Film Distribution and the China Filmmakers Association. International scholars from

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

The Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

and the

United States of America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territo ...

attended the seminar and the screening of four of Ivens’ films; '' The 400 Million'' (1938), ''Before Spring'' (1958), ''Football Story'' (1976) and ''A Tale of The Wind'' (1988).

= Conferences

= The Archive has hosted multiple conferences discussing different film genres and time periods, to work towards the goal of creating a ‘comprehensive history’ of Chinese Cinema. One was in 2012, which discussed early Chinese cinema. Two other conferences were held in 2014 discussing socialist and post-socialist cinema. From March 1 to May 12, 2021, the Inaugural Conference of the Association for Chinese Animation Studies was held online via Zoom. The Archive provided several animated, short films which were screened during the event, including the

Wan Brothers The Wan Brothers () were born in the early 20th century in Nanjing, China. They became the founders and pioneers of the Chinese animation industry and made the first Asian animation feature-length film, ''Princess Iron Fan'' in 1941. Background ...

' films ''The Mouse and The Frog'' (1934), ''Songs of Resistance 2'' (1938) ''and Songs of Resistance 5'' (1939). Other films screened, owned by the Archive included, ''The Kite'' (1943), ''Dreaming to be Emperor'' (1943) and ''Capturing the Turtle in the Jar'' (1948). Tan Qiuwen, an employee from the China Film Art Research Centre, represented the archive in a panel discussion on March 2, titled 'An Overview of the Animated Data in the China Film Archive'.

Beijing International Film Festival

Since 2015, the Archive has been the primary host and co-programmer of the

. Notable contributions to the festival including the screening of the recently restored films ''

Yellow Earth ''Yellow Earth'' () is a 1984 Chinese drama film. This film is telling a story of a young, village girl who bravely resists old-dated customs and searches for freedom. It was the directorial debut for Chen Kaige. The film's notable cinematography ...

(1984)'' and ''

The Horse Thief ''The Horse Thief'' is a 1986 Chinese film by director Tian Zhuangzhuang. It follows one of Tian's favorite topics, Chinese minorities, a topic he touched upon in 1984's ''On the Hunting Ground'' and would return to in 2004's documentary, ''Delamu ...

(1986)'' – both from the mid 1980s – at the 2018 festival.

International preservation and events

Preservation of international films

= ''Santi-Vina (1954)''

= The Archive has collaborated with international film bodies towards preserving both Chinese and international films. One such project was the archive's collaborative effort with the British Film Institute and with Thailand's national archive - the

Thai Film Archive The Film Archive (Public Organization) (FA; th, หอภาพยนตร์ (องค์การมหาชน)), also commonly referred to as the Thai Film Archive (TFA), is a film archive in Thailand. It was established in 1984 as the Na ...

- towards restoring the award-winning Thai film, '' Santi-Vina'' (1954). A copy of the film from the Archive was donated to Thailand for restoration efforts, as China had previously bought a copy of the film during its original release at the Southeast Asian Film Festival. However this copy of the film was used as a guide, with another copy of the film from the Russian Organisation

Gosfilmofond Gosfilmofond is a state film archive in Russia. It is the main film archive of the Russian Federation and a member of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF). It is a state cultural institution — curator of films collection and othe ...

, utilised as the negatives which were digitally scanned and cleaned. This is as the Archive's copy had two missing scenes, a ‘magenta hue’ and Chinese subtitles burned into the negatives. However, the Archive's film was used as a guide, as the negatives of the copy from Gosfilofond had shrunk by 0.4%. The film was digitally restored by the L'Immagine Ritrovata laboratory. After its restoration, it premiered at the

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Festival (; french: link=no, Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films o ...

, in the ‘Cannes Classics’ section alongside other international films. This was notable as it was the first Thai film to be selected into this category. The Cave of the Silken Web aka Pan Si Dong (1927) 01

The Cave of the Silken Web aka Pan Si Dong (1927) 01

= International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF)

= As a member of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF), the Archive has collaborated with the international organisation in numerous film restoration projects. In 2011 the Chinese film '' Pan Si Dong'' (1927) was discovered at an archive at

Mo I Rana Mo i Rana () is a List of towns and cities in Norway, city, and the administrative centre of the Municipalities of Norway, municipality of Rana, Norway, Rana, in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the Helgeland region of Nordland, just sou ...

, a section of the

National Library of Norway The National Library of Norway ( no, Nasjonalbiblioteket) was established in 1989. Its principal task is "to preserve the past for the future". The library is located both in Oslo and in Mo i Rana. The building in Oslo was restored and reopened i ...

. The film was handed to the Archive by the National Library of Norway - as facilitated by the FIFA - where it was restored and shown at the South Festival in

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

in 2014. Other film restoration projects the FIFA has been involved in included ''

Kong Fuzi Confucius ( ; zh, s=, p=Kǒng Fūzǐ, "Master Kǒng"; or commonly zh, s=, p=Kǒngzǐ, labels=no; – ) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Co ...

'' (1940) - which was screened in 2009 before being returned the Archive in 2010 – and Su-Epo Ryo (1940), which was returned to the Archive by a Korean archive.

= Korean Film Archive

= On two separate expeditions between 2005 and 2006 to the Archive, eight Korean films were found, which were eventually restored and presented for public viewing. ''Mimong'' (1936) was another Chinese film that was discovered in Korea, after it was presumed to have been lost by the Archive. The film was not restored at the Archive but at the

Korean Film Archive The Korean Film Archive or called Korean Federation of Film Archives and KOFA is the sole film archive in South Korea with nationwide coverage. It was founded in Seoul in 1974 as a non-profit organization. In 1976 KOFA joined the International Fed ...

= British Film Institute - ''Around China with A Movie Camera''

= In 2015, during the year of cultural exchange between the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

and China, it was reported that the British Film Institute (BFI) and the Archive were collaborating on a project. The BFI announced at the 2015

Shanghai International Film Festival The Shanghai International Film Festival (, French: ''Festival international du film de Shanghai''), abbreviated SIFF, is one of the largest film festivals in East Asia. "China's biggest film festival" according to the Hollywood Reporter. Nex ...

that it was collaborating with the Archive to create a film compilation based on the Chinese-produced films in the BFI's archive, called ''Around China with a Movie Camera.'' Numerous recently restored films between 1900 and 1948 – including the

Anna May Wong Wong Liu Tsong (January 3, 1905 – February 3, 1961), known professionally as Anna May Wong, was an American actress, considered the first Chinese-American movie star in Hollywood, as well as the first Chinese-American actress to gain intern ...

film ''

Piccadilly Piccadilly () is a road in the City of Westminster, London, to the south of Mayfair, between Hyde Park Corner in the west and Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road that connects central London to Hammersmith, Earl's Court, ...

'' (1929) – would be screened. The compilation was composed of home movies,

travelogues Travelogue may refer to: Genres * Travel literature, a record of the experiences of an author travelling * Travel documentary A travel documentary is a documentary film, television program, or online series that describes travel in general or t ...

and

newsreel A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, informa ...

s by British and French filmmakers, and featured footage filmed between 1900 and 1925 of notable cities in China including

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...

Chongqing Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwes ...

and

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...

. This compilation was screened at the BFI's Southbank Cinema with a live score by Ruth Chan, in February 2016.

Notable international events

The Archive has co-sponsored and hosted several international film events. The International Film/Cinema Weeks screening in 1989 was organised by the Archive and the CFARC in collaboration with other film bodies in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

. During this festival more than 300 films were shown. Several years later in 1996, the Symposium on Film Collections in Asia – a meeting organised by

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

and co-sponsored by the Archive and the Ministry of Broadcasting, TV and Film - was held in Beijing. A collection of papers was shown during this conference.

= Christie Digital

= In August 2000, the Canadian-based company Christie Digital was invited to Beijing as part of the Beijing International Radio, TV & Film Equipment Exhibition. They were invited to educate Chinese Government Officials and Film restorers on their new projector - the Christie Digipro Cinema Projector. The viewing also included a walking tour of the projection room for the Chinese officials and restorers. The event was significant as it was the first time a digital projector had been used in mainland China.

= New York Film Festival (2008)

= The

New York Film Festival The New York Film Festival (NYFF) is a film festival held every fall in New York City, presented by Film at Lincoln Center (FLC). Founded in 1963 by Richard Roud and Amos Vogel with the support of Lincoln Center president William Schuman, it is ...

in September 2008 was notable as it was the first major screening in the United States of 20 Chinese films from the ‘ golden era’ of Chinese cinema – between the 1930s and 1940s – and several from after the

Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal ...

in 1976. Two notable films that were screened were by

Xie Jin Xie Jin (; 21 November 1923 – 18 October 2008) was a Chinese film director. He rose to prominence in 1957, directing the film '' Woman Basketball Player No. 5'', and is considered one of the Third Generation directors of China. Most recently h ...

– ''Red Detachment of Women'' (1960) and ''

Two Stage Sisters Two Stage Sisters is a 1964 Chinese drama film produced by Shanghai Tianma Film Studio and directed by Xie Jin, starring Xie Fang and Cao Yindi. Made just before the Cultural Revolution, it tells the story of two female Yue opera practitioners f ...

'' (1964). The festival's director,

Richard Peña Richard Peña (born 1953) is a Professor of Professional Practice at the Columbia University School of The Arts. He was formerly program director of the Film Society of Lincoln Center (organizers of the New York Film Festival and the New Direc ...

, worked with the Archive in Beijing for a week in preparation, as the Archive contributed by making prints of the films shown, with English subtitles.

Film scholarship

Prior to the Archive's institution, academic scholarship on Chinese film during the 1940s was difficult as there was no research material to draw upon. Currently, the Archive allows international and Chinese scholars into their digital encyclopedia for research purposes. As every film in the Archive has not been digitalised, they are not all accessible. The China Film Archive has contributed to the accessibility of

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

and

film scholarship. Prior to the 1980s, there was limited academic discourse on films from these countries, however interest in these films increased prior to the return of Hong Kong in 1997 to China. In anticipation, the Archive released a collection of articles specialising in

Hong Kong film The cinema of Hong Kong ( zh, t=香港電影) is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the cinema of China and the cinema of Taiwan. As a former British colony, British Hong Kong, Hong Kong had a gr ...

as well as a comprehensive reference list. In 2007, the Archive expanded on this collection of Hong Kong film research papers, by publishing more articles written by scholars from mainland China, Hong Kong and other international countries.

Animated films

List of Animated Films Held by the China Film Archive (1934-1981)

References

External links

* {{authority control Film archives in Asia Archives in China Film organizations in China Film preservation Film preservation organizations State-owned film companies Companies based in Beijing FIAF-affiliated institutions

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