Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also
other names) is a city in the historical region of
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
, which is now divided along the
borders of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
and
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invas ...
, including this city, which is situated on the upper course of the
Prut river in the
Southwestern Ukrainian territory. Chernivtsi serves as the administrative center for the
Chernivtsi raion, the
Chernivtsi urban hromada
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the up ...
,
and the
oblast itself. In 2021, the Chernivtsi population, by estimate, is and the latest
census in 2001 was 240,600.
The first document that refers to this city dates back to 1408, when Chernivtsi was a town in the region of
Moldavia
Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centra ...
, formerly as a defensive fortification, and became the center of
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
in 1488. In 1538, Chernivtsi was under the control of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, and the Turkish control lasted for two centuries until 1774, when
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
took control of Bukovina in the aftermath of the
Russo-Turkish War. Chernivtsi (known at that time as ) became the center of the
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
's
Bukovina District
The Bukovina District (german: Kreis Bukowina), also known as the Chernivtsi District (german: Kreis Czernowitz, link=no), was an administrative-territorial unit of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria within the Habsburg monarchy in Bukovina ...
until 1848, later becoming the
Duchy of Bukovina
The Duchy of Bukovina (german: Herzogtum Bukowina; ro, Ducatul Bucovinei; uk, Герцогство Буковина) was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1849 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until 191 ...
until 1918. In the aftermath of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
took Bukovina from
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invas ...
, which led to the city's being renamed to , which lasted until the
Soviets occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. Chernivtsi was under the control of
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invas ...
since 1940, though the Soviet Union
collapsed, which affected the
independence of the country.
Chernivtsi is viewed as one of Western Ukraine's main cultural centers. The city is also considered one of Ukraine's important educational and architectural sites. Historically a cosmopolitan community, Chernivtsi was once dubbed "Little
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
"
and "
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
upon the
Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , uk, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube. In part of its course it forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.
Characteristics
The Prut originates ...
". Chernivtsi is
twinned
Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to:
* In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so;
* Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning
* Twinning inst ...
with seven other cities around the world. The city is a major regional rail and road transportation hub, also housing an
international airport
An international airport is an airport with customs and border control facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries around the world. International airports are usually larger than domestic airports and they must feature longer ...
.
Names
Aside from its Ukrainian name of Chernivtsi, the city is also known by several different names in various languages, which still are used by the respective population groups much as they used to be throughout the city's history, either in connection with the rule by one country or another or independently from it: ro, Cernăuți (); german: Czernowitz (); pl, Czerniowce; hu, Csernovic, yi, טשערנאָוויץ, Tshernovits, russian: Черновцы́, Chernovtsy, (In russian: label=Russian until 1944, Чернови́цы, Chernovitsy). In the times of Halych-Volyn Principality the city's name was ''Chern''.
In "Documents of Western Russia" (russian: Акты Западной России) published in Saint Petersburg in 1846 (Volume 1, page 32, document #21), the city is mentioned as Chernov'tsi (russian: Черновьци).
History
Prehistory
Archaeological evidence discovered in the area surrounding Chernivtsi indicates that a population inhabited it since the
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several part ...
era. Later settlements included those of the
Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, the
Corded Ware culture
The Corded Ware culture comprises a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between ca. 3000 BC – 2350 BC, thus from the late Neolithic, through the Copper Age, and ending in the early Bronze Age. Corded Ware culture encompassed a v ...
; artifacts from the
Bronze and
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...
s were also found in the city. In the Middle Ages there lived East Slavic tribes
White Croats and
Tivertsi.
Under Principality of Halych
A fortified settlement located on the left (north-eastern) shore of the Prut dates back to the time of the
Principality of Halych and is thought to have been built by
Grand Prince
Grand prince or great prince (feminine: grand princess or great princess) ( la, magnus princeps; Greek: ''megas archon''; russian: великий князь, velikiy knyaz) is a title of nobility ranked in honour below emperor, equal of king or ...
Yaroslav Osmomysl.
Legendary accounts refer to this fortress-city as ''Chern, or ''Black city''; it is said to owe its name to the black color of the city walls, built from dark
oak layered with
local black-colored soil.
This early stronghold was destroyed during the
Mongol invasion of Europe by
Boroldai in 1259. However, the remaining ramparts of the fortress were still used for defense purposes; in the 17th century they were augmented with several bastions, one of which is still extant.
Following the destruction of the fortress, later settlements in the area centered on the right (south-western) shore of the Prut River, at a more strategically advantageous, elevated location. In 1325, when the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
seized control of
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
, and came into contact with the early
Vlach (
Romanian) feudal formations, a fort was mentioned under the name ''Țețina''; it was defending the ford and crossing point on the
Prut River. It was part of a group of three fortifications; the other two being the fortress of
Hotin on the Dniester to the east, and a fort on the
Kolachin River, an upriver tributary of Prut.
Under Principality of Moldavia
Between 1359 and 1775, the city and its surroundings were part of the
Principality of Moldavia
Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centr ...
, one of the historic provinces of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
; the city being the administrative center of the
homonymous ''ținut'' (county). The name Cernăuți/Chernivtsi is first attested in a document by
Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good) on 8 October 1408. In
Ottoman sources, the city was mentioned as "Çernovi", a phonetic transliteration of a Latin cognomen meaning ''new castle'' (see French
Castelnau or Welsh
Carno).
Under Austro-Hungarian rule
In 1775, the northwestern part of the territory of Moldavia was annexed by the
Habsburg Empire; this region became known as
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
. The city became the region's capital, organized as the
Bukovina District
The Bukovina District (german: Kreis Bukowina), also known as the Chernivtsi District (german: Kreis Czernowitz, link=no), was an administrative-territorial unit of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria within the Habsburg monarchy in Bukovina ...
part of the
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria,, ; pl, Królestwo Galicji i Lodomerii, ; uk, Королівство Галичини та Володимирії, Korolivstvo Halychyny ta Volodymyrii; la, Rēgnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae also known as ...
, which in 1849 was raised in status and became known as the
Duchy of Bukovina
The Duchy of Bukovina (german: Herzogtum Bukowina; ro, Ducatul Bucovinei; uk, Герцогство Буковина) was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1849 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until 191 ...
, a
crownland
Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. ...
of the
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...
. The city received
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
. The city began to flourish in 1778 when Knight
Karl von Enzenberg was appointed the chief of the Military Administration. He invited many merchants, craftsmen and entrepreneurs to help develop trade and other businesses.
Saint Peter
) (Simeon, Simon)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire
, death_date = Between AD 64–68
, death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire
, parents = John (or Jonah; Jona)
, occupa ...
's Fairs (1–15 July) had given a new vibrant impulse to the market development from 1786. In the late 19th century the German language—due to the Habsburg and the very important Jewish influence—became the lingua franca and more and more newspapers were edited in German, also a remarkable literary production in German began in this period, featuring most prominently
Karl Emil Franzos.
During the 19th and early 20th century, Chernivtsi became a center of both Romanian and Ukrainian national movements. In 1908, it was the site of the first
Yiddish language
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...
conference, the
Czernowitz Conference
Yiddishism (Yiddish: ײִדישיזם) is a cultural and linguistic movement which began among Jews in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th century. Some of the leading founders of this movement were Mendele Moykher-Sforim (1836–19 ...
, coordinated by
Nathan Birnbaum
Nathan Birnbaum ( he, נתן בירנבוים; pseudonyms: "Mathias Acher", "Dr. N. Birner", "Mathias Palme", "Anton Skart", "Theodor Schwarz", and "Pantarhei"; 16 May 1864 – 2 April 1937) was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker a ...
. When
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
dissolved in 1918, followed by two years of political uncertainty in Europe due to the aftermath of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
, the city and its surrounding area
became part of the
Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...
, which gained worldwide diplomatic recognition by the end of 1920.
During those two years, even most city residents did not know of which country they were citizens, with most assuming Czernowitz still belonged to Austria-Hungary. German remained the
lingua franca of the city and its suburbs for another decade. In 1930, the city reached a population of 112,400: 26.8%
Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
, 23.2%
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Roman ...
, 20.8%
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
, 18.6%
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Or ...
, the remainder
Poles and others. It was one of the five university centers of interwar Romania.
Soviet occupation and rule
In 1940, the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian language, Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist R ...
occupied the area; the area around the city became known as
Chernivtsi Oblast
Chernivtsi Oblast ( uk, Черніве́цька о́бласть, Chernivetska oblast), also referred to as Chernivechchyna ( uk, Чернівеччина) is an oblast (province) in Western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the reg ...
, and was allotted to the
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
by the Soviet Union.
The city's large Romanian intelligentsia found refuge in Romania; while the Bukovina Germans were "repatriated" according to a Soviet-Nazi agreement. Under the regime of military dictator
Ion Antonescu, Romania had switched from an ally of France and Britain to one of Nazi Germany; subsequently, in July 1941, the Romanian Army retook the city as part of the
Axis attack on the Soviet Union during World War II. Chernivtsi would become the capital of the Romanian
Bukovina Governorate. In August 1941, Antonescu ordered the creation of a
ghetto
A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished ...
in the lowland part of the city, where 50,000
Bukovina Jews were crammed, two-thirds of whom would be deported in October 1941 and early 1942 to
Transnistria
Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...
, where the majority died. The Romanian mayor of the city
Traian Popovici managed to persuade Antonescu to raise the number of Jews exempted from deportation from 200 to 20,000.
In 1944, when
Axis forces
The Axis powers, ; it, Potenze dell'Asse ; ja, 枢軸国 ''Sūjikukoku'', group=nb originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Na ...
were driven out by the Red Army, the city was reincorporated into the Ukrainian SSR. Over the following years, most of the Jews emigrated to Israel; the city was an important node in the
Berihah network. Bukovina Poles were expelled by the Soviets after World War II. The city became a predominantly Ukrainian one.
Independence
Since 1991, Chernivtsi has been a part of an independent Ukraine. In May 1999, Romania opened a
consulate general
A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...
in the city.
Until 18 July 2020, Chernivtsi was designated as a
city of oblast significance and did not belong to any raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three, the city was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Since the start of the
invasion, the city has been a host for refugees from the fighting in eastern and central Ukraine
and a resting point for refugees on their way to nearby
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
.
Some Chernivsti residents have also left the country.
Symbolics
Coat of arms
The Chernivtsi coat of arms is framed by a bronze ornamental cartouche, and a red heraldic shield depicting an open stone gate with a figured trident in the middle. Under the gate, there are two crossed laurel branches, tied with ribbons. The crown of the symbol is the stone crown.
Flag of Chernivtsi
The Chernivtsi flag consists of a tree, the top, and a rectangular cloth, the front of which forms framed by a red tooth-like ornament white background with an inscription in Ukrainian in the center, over which there is inscribed in Ukrainian: "Chernivtsi". Under the coat of arms, there is the sign "1408" – the date of the first written mention of the city. On both sides of the coat of arms and all four corners of the field are filled with floral ornaments and with the addition of two beech branches with nuts and leaves. The reverse side is formed by a yellow background with the coat of arms of Ukraine in the center with frames and ornaments similar to the front side.
Honorary chain of the mayor of Chernivtsi
The mayor's honorary chain is a symbol of Chernivtsi mayor's authority, which is served on behalf of the territorial community. Founded in 1908 and restored in 2008. The symbol is a medallion with the inscription engraved on it: "From Chernivtsi community to freely elected head", on the reverse – "The foundation of a free state is a free community". The medallion is attached to a chain consisting of stylized coats of arms Ukraine, Chernivtsi region and the city of Chernivtsi. The symbol is made of gold colour metal.
Medal "To the glory of Chernivtsi"
The medal "To the glory of Chernivtsi" is an honorary distinction of the
Chernivtsi City Council, introduced to the 600th Anniversary of Chernivtsi (2008) in order to reward individuals who actively contributed to the prosperity of the city and its promotion in Ukraine and the world. The award is made of
silver-gilt, it has a circle shape with a diameter of 28 mm (1"). The medal's strip is white with red stripes, which corresponds to the colours of the Chernivtsi flag. At the bottom of the strip, there is a beech branch. The obverse depicts the emblem of Chernivtsi and the inscription – "To the glory of Chernivtsi". On the reverse – the official Chernivtsi logo, designed and approved for the anniversary. The medal is awarded, according to the decision of the executive committee of the City Council, annually during the celebration of the city day.
The official motto of modern Chernivtsi, "Спільними зусиллями!", is a Ukrainian-language version of the Latin ''Viribus Unitis'' ("With United Forces"), the personal motto of
Franz Joseph, who personally bestowed the right to use it on Chernivtsi. This indicates a special attitude of the emperor to the city. Along with the capital of Bukovina, only the first naval ship of the
Austro-Hungarian Navy
The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the A ...
(
SMS ''Viribus Unitis'') was honoured with such honour.
Logotype of Chernivtsi
The official
''Chernivtsi 600'' logo was developed and approved by the anniversary of the city in 2008. It was recognized so successful that it continues to be used. The main idea of components for emblem is based on the antiquity of the city, its exceptional architectural heritage and the hard work of its inhabitants. The symbol is made in the form of a blacksmith's work of art, which testifies to the soundness, prosperity, and success. The color scheme of the logo, represented by dark blue and yellow, has a higher degree of comfortable contrast and coincides with the colors of the
State Flag of Ukraine.
In the early 2010s, a new city logo was developed and approved, and at the same time the official slogan was affixed: "Chernivtsi is unique in diversity". Old and new symbols of Chernivtsi were chosen for its creation. To the left, in the foreground, there is a trumpet player who wins the trumpet tune "Marichka". In the middle of the background, there is the town hall. The former
Metropolitan Residence of Bukovina and Dalmatia which is recognized as the architectural pearl of the city is pictured to the right in the background.
The colour scheme of the logo represented in orange, blue and red, the name is purple. Such a combination is characteristic of tourism, which uses the notion of happiness, well-being, the joy of relaxation, visualizing positive symbols and images in a colourful, warm and vibrant colour scheme. The new logo uses old symbols from the "Chernivtsi 600" logo.
Geography and climate
Chernivtsi is located in the historic region of
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
, which is currently shared between Romania (south) and Ukraine (north). Chernivtsi is located in the southwest of Ukraine, in the eastern Carpathians, on the border between the Carpathians and the East European Plain, 40 km (25 miles) from the border with Romania. The city lies 248 meters (817')
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as '' orthometric heights''.
The ...
and is surrounded by forests and fields. The River
Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , uk, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube. In part of its course it forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.
Characteristics
The Prut originates ...
runs through the city's landscape. The city is located in the Eastern European time zone in the region of meridian 26.
Chernivtsi is located at the intersection of the transport arteries: E85, H03, and H10
Climate
The city is located in a temperate climate zone. The climate is continental with mild winters and warm summers. The average annual temperature is +8,6 °C (47 °F), the lowest in January (-2,9 °C; 27 °F), the highest – in July (+19,8 °C; 68 °F). Winter weather usually comes on 28 November and ends 9 March; summer weather begins on 20 May, and ends on 10 September. The average annual rainfall in Chernivtsi is 621 mm ("), with the lowest – in October and January–February, the highest – in June–July. Sometimes there are heavy rains during the summer. Snow cover is formed each winter, but its altitude is insignificant. The average wind speed ranges from 3.3 m/s (7 mph) in July to 4.0 m/s (9 mph) in January. The average annual humidity is 77%.
Landscape
The total area of Chernivtsi within the administrative boundaries of 2013 is about . According to the functional purpose the lands of the city are divided as follows: land of residential and public buildings (64%), lands of agricultural purpose (17%), lands of industry (9%), lands of recreational and environmental purpose (5%), lands of general use (3%), commercial land (2%).
The main water source of Chernivtsi is the
Prut River in its upper reaches, which divides the city in half. Besides, there are six small streams and nine lakes within the city.
The relief is characterized by significant relief dip – from 150 metres (492') above sea level in the Prut valleys to 537 metres (1762') in the western outskirts (Mount
Tsetzino), which is caused by the location on the
Chernivtsi Upland
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the upp ...
.
Chernivtsi is considered to be a "green city": the large territory is occupied by parks, squares, gardens, alleys and flower gardens. Nine objects are recognized as monuments of landscape art. The city has a botanical garden at the Yuriy Fedkovych National University with a unique orangery. Among the relict plants growing in the botanical garden, a special place is occupied by a giant
Sequoiadendron
''Sequoiadendron'' is a genus of evergreen trees, with two species, only one of which survives to the present:
* ''Sequoiadendron giganteum'', extant, commonly known as wellingtonia, giant redwood and giant sequoia, growing naturally in the Sier ...
.
Chernivtsi is located in the center of
Chernivtsi Regional Park
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the upp ...
, which borders zakaznik "Thetzino" in the west and
Mount Berda
Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest.
Mount or Mounts may also refer to:
Places
* Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England
* Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, C ...
in the north.
State of the environment
At the end of the twentieth century, the main pollutants of the Chernivtsi environment were industrial enterprises, including the MIC. In the 1990s much of them ceased to exist or significantly reduced production capacity and thus reduced industrial emissions. Despite this, 58 enterprises (38.4% of the total amount in the region) are the main pollutants of the environment. Approximately 1.2 tonnes of pollutants are released into the air annually (34.9% of the total area emissions). Non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide and substances in the form of solid suspended solids predominate in the structure of the emitted pollutants. In addition, carbon dioxide, which has a
greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a planet's host star goes through the planet's atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, but greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly ...
, is periodically released into the atmosphere of the city. Emissions from stationary sources were 7.9 tonnes per of Chernivtsi territory. Each inhabitant of the regional center accounts for an average of of harmful emissions per year.
In 2008, Chernivtsi established an Environmental Monitoring System (EMS), an information structure that integrates environmental monitoring organizations and industrial enterprises that pollute the environment or which may adversely affect the environment or its components.
Since the late 1990s, transport is a significant factor in the negative impact on the environment. To some extent, the situation was improved with the construction of the first (2004) and the second (2010) queues of the
bypass road
A bypass is a road or highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area, town, or village, to let through traffic flow without interference from local traffic, to reduce congestion in the built-up area, and to improve road safety. A bypass ...
, which connected the directions "Kyiv-Chernivtsi" and "Chernivtsi-Suceava". The problem of transit transport in the city will be finally resolved after the construction of the third branch of the bypass road, which will connect the directions "Suceava-Chernivtsi" and "Chernivtsi-Lviv".
Government and subdivisions
Chernivtsi is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, L ...
of the
Chernivtsi Oblast
Chernivtsi Oblast ( uk, Черніве́цька о́бласть, Chernivetska oblast), also referred to as Chernivechchyna ( uk, Чернівеччина) is an oblast (province) in Western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the reg ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outsi ...
) and the city itself has own government within the oblast under direct subordination to oblast.
The territory of Chernivtsi is divided into three administrative city
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
s (districts):
The current mayor of Chernivtsi is Roman Klichuk, who has been elected in
2020 Ukrainian local elections.
File:Czernowitz dom polski.jpg, Polish House, 1910
File:Chern old.jpg, Central Square of Czernowitz in the early 1900s
File:Czernowitz, residenz des erzbischofs.jpg, The Residence (photograph of c. 1899)
File:Chernivtsi Synagogue.jpg, An early 20th-century postcard depicting the Czernowitz Synagogue.
File:Armenische Kirche in Czernowitz.jpg, Armenian church in the early 1900s.
Demographics
According to the latest
All-Ukrainian population census in 2001, the population of Chernivtsi was approximately 240,600 people of 65 nationalities.
Among them, 189,000 (79.8%) are Ukrainians; 26,700 (11.3%)
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
; 10,500 (4.4%) Romanians; 3,800 (1.6%)
Moldovans
Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( ro, moldoveni , Moldovan Cyrillic: молдовень), are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a si ...
; 1,400 (0.6%)
Polish; 1,300 (0.6%) Jews; 2,900 (1.2%) other nationalities.
Based on the last available Soviet data, the population of the city, as of 1 January 1989, was approximately 295,000 residents. Among these, there are some 172,000 Ukrainians, 46,000 Russians, 16,000 Romanians, 13,000
Moldovans
Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( ro, moldoveni , Moldovan Cyrillic: молдовень), are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a si ...
, 7,000 Poles and others.
The Romanian population in Chernivtsi started decreasing rapidly after 1950. Many Romanians fled to Romania or were deported to
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part o ...
(where most of them died), and the remaining Romanian population quickly became a minority and assimilated with the majority. Nowadays, the Romanian minority in Chernivtsi is still decreasing as a result of
cultural assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially.
The different types of cultural as ...
and emigration to Romania.
Chernivtsi once had a Jewish community of over 50,000, less than a third of whom survived World War II. Romanian lawyer and reserve officer
Theodor Criveanu
Theodor is a masculine given name. It is a German form of Theodore. It is also a variant of Teodor.
List of people with the given name Theodor
* Theodor Adorno, (1903–1969), German philosopher
* Theodor Aman, Romanian painter
* Theodor Blueger, ...
, as well as the then city mayor
Traian Popovici, supported by General
Vasile Ionescu saved 19,689 Jewish people. Initially, Governor of Bukovina
Corneliu Calotescu allowed only 190 Jewish people to stay, but Traian Popovici, after an incredible effort, obtained from the then dictator of Romania Marshal
Ion Antonescu an allowance of 20,000. After World War II, the city was a key node in the
Berihah network, which helped Jews to emigrate to the then
Mandate Palestine
Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 i ...
from the difficult conditions after the War. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the majority of the remaining Jewish population emigrated to Israel and the United States. A famous member of this latter emigration is the actress
Mila Kunis
Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis (born August 14, 1983) is an American actress. Born in Chernivtsi and raised in Los Angeles, she began playing Jackie Burkhart on the Fox television series '' That '70s Show'' (1998–2006) at the age of 14. Sinc ...
.
Chernivtsi was inhabited by Ukrainians, Romanians, Poles,
Ruthenians
Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term Rutheni was used in medieval sourc ...
, Jews,
Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
* Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
, and
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
. During its affiliation with the
Austro-Hungarian
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
monarchy, Chernivtsi enjoyed prosperity and culture as the capital of the
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
crown land
Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it ...
. Until 1918, the main language of the city was German, which, in addition to the Germans, was also spoken by Jews (together they made up half the population of the city) and even partly by Ukrainians, Romanians and Poles. After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, the
Shoah and
Porajmos, and the resettlement and expulsion of the whole ethnic groups, including Germans and Romanians, this status was diminished. Today, the Ukrainians are the dominant population group.
Chernivtsi's change in demographic diversity is demonstrated by the following population statistics. Once, Romanians and Ukrainians formed the majority of the population. However, after 1870,
Yiddish-speaking or
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
-speaking Jews surpassed the Romanians as the largest population group of the town. After 1880, the Ukrainians surpassed the Romanians as the second-largest population group.
Language composition of the population
Ethno-linguistic composition of the population of the former districts of the city (native languages according to the 2001 census).
Economy
The total number of economic entities in the city is 25.4 thousand. On 1 January 2006, there were 6739 legal entities – business entities and almost 19,000 private entrepreneurs – individuals, primarily represented by small enterprises. The volume of sales and services provided to small enterprises is UAH 578 million or 22% of the total Chernivtsi volumes. The share of the city's tax revenues is almost 35%. The most attractive for small businesses are trade and services, restaurant and tourist business.
Wholesale and retail trade, industry and construction are successfully developing in Chernivtsi. In 2005, wholesale and retail sales accounted for over 64%, industry – 23%, construction – 6%, real estate operations – 2.3%, transport and communications – more than 2%.
Industry
In the industrial sector of the city, there are 10 branches, which have 70 large enterprises with a total number of employees over 20 thousand people or 13% of the working population of the city. The annual volume of industrial production at these enterprises is about 775 million UAH. The share of citywide tax revenues to the budgets of all levels of the industry is 21%. Defining industries in the city's industry are food, light, mechanical engineering and woodworking. Defining industries in the city's industry are food, light, mechanical engineering and woodworking. Food processing companies produce sugar, bakery products, alcohol, oil, meat and milk, fruits, vegetables and other products. In the light industry, the production of garments, knitwear, hosiery, rubber and leather footwear and textiles prevails. Mechanical engineering is represented by the production of oil and gas processing equipment and agricultural machinery. The timber industry is dominated by the production of lumber, furniture, joinery and other wood products.
Trade and services
In 2005, there were 1922 trade enterprises, 609 restaurants, 892 services in the city. There are 22 markets and micro-markets in the city. 10 million UAH are invested annually in their construction, reconstruction, improvement of trade conditions and creation of facilities for buyers. Chernivtsi City Shopping Complex, "Kalinivskiy Rynok" Municipal Enterprise is a modern multidisciplinary enterprise with powerful infrastructure. The average daily number of market visitors is 50,000 people, served by 9,100 entrepreneurs. The volume of services in 2005 amounted to almost UAH 23 million, more than UAH 18 million was paid into the city budget, or nearly 10% of the total revenues.
Health care
Almost all health care establishments of the region are concentrated in Chernivtsi. 39 medical establishments (hospitals, clinics, and polyclinics) provide citizens of Chernivtsi with necessary medical care. Medical services are provided by 4.47 thousand people, of which – 1102 doctors, 1902 – average health workers, 1473 – junior and support staff.
Municipal medical establishments provide the following medical services:
* Emergency care (emergency care station);
*Dispensary and polyclinic care (5 municipal polyclinics, a municipal children polyclinic, polyclinics of two maternity houses, a polyclinic of preventive examination and Municipal Dentistry Association, which includes two dentist clinics);
*Specialized medical care (3 hospitals, 2 maternity houses, a tuberculosis hospital and a municipal children hospital);
*Disease-prevention and anti-epidemic services (a municipal sanitary and epidemiological station).
Culture
Throughout centuries Chernivtsi, as the center of
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
, was forming as a multinational city with tolerance atmosphere which became the cradle of artists representing different cultures.
The city has 2 theaters, a philharmonic, organ hall (in the
Armenian Catholic Church), more than 10 museums, 6 cinemas, 31 libraries, central palace of culture, 4 music schools and fine arts school. The city has more than 100 religious organizations and diocesan authorities, 4 religious institutions. More than a dozen of active non-profit cultural organizations operate in Chernivtsi, including
A.Mickiewicz Polish Culture Society,
M.Eminescu Romanian Culture Society, Society of Austrian and German Culture.
Since 1997 Chernivtsi has hosted an international art event under "Days of European Culture Heritage" project. Every year "Bukovinian Meetings" folklore festival is held during the City Day in which art groups from Poland, Hungary, Romania and Germany take part.
Important part of Chernivtsi cultural life is Malanka Fest, Ukraine's main carnival timed to the religious St. Melania ("Malanka") Day and St. Basil Day. Respectively, this is usually conducted on 14 January, although this date may be moved a bit to match the weekend. During the Festival groups from different towns and settlements of Bukovina compete in the artistic ingenuity.
One of the biggest
literary festival
A literary festival, also known as a book festival or writers' festival, is a regular gathering of writers and readers, typically on an annual basis in a particular city. A literary festival usually features a variety of presentations and reading ...
in Ukraine is the
Meridian Czernowitz
Meridian Czernowitz is a project of the Chernivtsi regional public organization "Cultural Capital", which deals with literary management and aims to return Chernivtsi to the cultural map of Europe.
Since 2012, it has positioned itself as the Inte ...
International Poetic Festival. The purpose of the festival is to return Chernivtsi to the cultural map of Europe and to develop a dialogue between contemporary Ukrainian poets and their foreign colleagues. The participants of Meridian Czernowitz are famous and interesting poets from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Great Britain, United States, Denmark, Netherlands,
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small land ...
,
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German language, German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constit ...
, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and others.
Museums
*
Chernivtsi Regional Museum
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the upp ...
(O. Kobylyanska St., 28) has the largest collection of materials and artefacts of the nature, history, and culture of
Northern Bukovina: a collection of old printed books with a unique
Ostroh Bible
The Ostrog Bible ( uk, Острозька Біблія, translit=Ostroz’ka Bibliya; russian: Острожская Библия, translit=Ostrozhskaya Bibliya) was one of the earliest East Slavic translations of the Bible and the first compl ...
, printed by
Ivan Fedorov in 1581; numismatic collection with more than 3 thousand coins; an interesting collection of weapons; an archaeological collection of more than 12,000 museum objects. The pride of the museum is a collection of works of fine and decorative arts, the basis of which consists of icons of the 16th to 18th centuries, works of prominent Bukovinian artists. The natural collection includes nearly 10,000 natural specimens (stuffed animals, wet preparations, herbarium, entomological collections, etc.);
*
Chernivtsi Art Museum
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the upp ...
(Central Square, 10). The building itself has artistic value: in its design masterfully combined sculpture, painting, stained glass, artistic metal. The total number of exhibits in the museum exceeds 8400. A collection of unique Bukovinian folk images and icons on glass of the 19th to 20th centuries, Bukovinian folk rugs of the 19th to 20th centuries, Bukovina and
Hutsul pysankas are saved here, as well as such rare monuments as the composition " Last Judgment ", Bukovinian icons of the 17th to 20th centuries. and old printed books, including "
The Apostle"
1632. The paintings of the Art Museum feature, in general, rare canvases belonging to the brushes of famous Bukovinian painters who worked predominantly in a classical manner.
*
History and Culture Museum of Bukovinian Jews
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...
(Theater Square, 10). Located in the former Jewish People's House (now the Central City Palace of Culture). The main concept of the museum is to reflect and emphasize the characteristics of Bukovina Jewry – the Bukovina phenomenon of the 19th to early 20th centuries which differed significantly from the phenomena of neighbouring Galician, Bessarabian and Podolian Jewry.
*
Museum of the Bukovina Diaspora
A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these i ...
(Josef Hlávka St., 1);
*
Chernivtsi Regional Museum of Folk Architecture and Life
Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the up ...
(Svitlovodska Street, 2) is an architectural and landscape complex consisting of monuments of folk architecture of the late 18th to first half of the 20th centuries. An ancient village of Bukovina is open to the sky, where you can get acquainted with the folk architecture and way of life of Bukovinians from different regions and ethnographic groups. The exposition of the museum includes about 35 structures, transported from different parts of the region and reconstructed in original form with appropriate natural surroundings.
*
Olga Kobylyanska Literary Memorial Museum
Olga may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Olga (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters named Olga or Olha
* Michael Algar (born 1962), English singer also known as "Olga"
Places
Russia
* Olga, Russia, ...
(Okunevska St., 5);
*
Yuriy Fedkovich Literary Memorial Museum
Yury, Yuri, Youri, Yurii, Yuriy, Yurij, Iurii or Iouri is the Slavic (russian: Юрий, Yuriy, or uk, Юрій, Yuriy, or bg, Юрий, Jurij, or be, Юры, Jury) form of the masculine given name George; it is derived directly from the Gree ...
(Soborna Square, 10);
*
Volodymyr Ivasyuk Memorial Museum Volodymyr ( uk, Володи́мир, Volodýmyr, , orv, Володимѣръ) is a Ukrainian given name of Old East Slavic origin. The related Ancient Slavic, such as Czech, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, etc. form of the name is Володимѣръ ...
(Mayakovsky St., 40/1);
*Aviation and Space Museum.
Architecture
There are many places which attract citizens of Chernivtsi and the visitors: Drama Theatre, Regional Philharmonic Society, Organ and Chamber Music Hall, puppet-theatre, Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy, Museum of Fine Arts, Bukovinian Diaspora Museum, Museum of Folk Architecture and Way of Life, memorial museums of writers, the Central Palace of Culture, the Star Alley in Teatralna Square.
The city of Chernivtsi has a lot of architecturally important buildings. Many historic buildings have been preserved, especially within the city's center. However, after years of disrepair and neglect, the buildings are in need of major restoration.
As Chernivtsi was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it was closely related to the empire's culture, including architecture. Main architectural styles present within the city include
Vienna Secession
The Vienna Secession (german: Wiener Secession; also known as ''the Union of Austrian Artists'', or ''Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Österreichs'') is an art movement, closely related to Art Nouveau, that was formed in 1897 by a group of Austri ...
and
Neoclassicism,
Baroque, late
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. I ...
, and fragments of traditional Moldavian and Hungarian architecture,
Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire.
The Byzantine era is usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the ...
as well as
Cubism
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassemble ...
.
During the Interwar Romanian administration, a great number of buildings in the Neo-Romanian and Art Deco architectural styles were also built.The city is sometimes dubbed ''Little Vienna'', because its architecture is reminiscent of the Austro-Hungarian capital
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
.
The main architectural attractions of the city include: the Chernivtsi Drama Theater (1905); the
Chernivtsi University—
UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
(1882); the Regional Museum of Fine Arts—the former savings bank (1900); the Regional Council—former Palace of Justice (1906); and the Chernivtsi Palace of Culture—former Jewish National House (1908); among many others. The magnificent
Moorish Revival Czernowitz Synagogue
The Czernowitz Synagogue was a domed, Moorish Revival synagogue built in 1873 in Czernowitz, Austria-Hungary (today Chernivtsi, Ukraine). The synagogue was closed in 1940 and serves as a movie theater today.
History
The original building was ...
was heavily damaged by fire in 1941, the walls were used to create the "Chernivtsi" movie theater.
The
Czech architect
Josef Hlávka designed, in 1864–1882, the buildings that currently house the
Chernivtsi State University. They were originally the residence of the Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans. The Romanesque and Byzantine architecture is embellished with
motifs of
Ukrainian folk art
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* Som ...
; for example, the tile roof patterns duplicate the geometric designs of traditional
Ukrainian embroidery.
Polish National House in Chernivtsi
The history of the Polish community in Chernivtsi dates back to the late 18th century, when authorities of the
Habsburg Empire encouraged Poles to move to
Bucovina. By the mid-19th century, several Polish organizations existed in the city, including Bratnia Pomoc (Brotherly Aid) and Czytelnia Polska (Polish Reading Room). On the initiative of publishers of the Gazeta Polska daily newspaper, collection of money for the construction of Polish House was initiated. In early 20th century, two Polish activists, doctor Tadeusz Mischke and judge Jakub Simonowicz purchased a house. In 1904, its expansion was initiated. It was carried out by architect Franciszek Skowron, interior decorator Konrad Górecki and sculptors from
Zakopane, Skwarnicki and Gerasimowicz. The expansion was completed in 1905, and Polish House operated until
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
.
In 1945, Soviet authorities opened here a cinema, later a music school. Currently, the complex houses Adam Mickiewicz Association of Polish Culture.
Apart from the Polish House, Chernivtsi also has German, Romanian and Jewish Houses.
German National House in Chernivtsi
It was built in the early 20th century by the union of the German community in Chernivtsi, which became the center of German cultural and social life in Chernivtsi and Bukovina. The German House was built in 1908–1910 according to plans developed by architect Gustav Fric. The building measures 1700 square metres, 25,000 cubic metres. built as a profitable house and a partnership house for 700,000 kroons on the site of the old German school building. The German House also had its own bank, and its own printing house, where various books, brochures, newspapers, and magazines were published, including the newspaper "German diary", which was popular at the time.
Jewish National House in Chernivtsi
The house was built in 1908 by the Jewish community and until the Second World War, it was the centre of Jewish life in Chernivtsi and home to various Jewish associations and organisations. At least 45,000 Jews from the Bukovina region fell victim to mass shootings, forced labour and deportations beginning in 1941. With the advent of the Soviet government (1944), the building was transferred to the City House of Culture. Today it is the Central Palace of Culture of Chernivtsi
Religion
* Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Svyatodukhivsky Cathedral) is a cathedral of the
Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
The Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( uk, Українська православна церква, Ukrainska pravoslavna tserkva; russian: Украинская православная церковь, Ukrainskaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', UOC), common ...
in Chernivtsi. The first stone in its foundation was laid in July 1844. The construction was carried out under the supervision of local engineer A. Marin and Viennese architect A. Röll. In 1860 the facade of the temple was rebuilt under the design of
Josef Hlavka. Twenty years after the work began in July 1864, Bishop Yevgeny Hakman consecrated the cathedral. However, interior decoration work continued until the end of the century. In 1892–1896 a group of artists from Vienna painted the walls. It was built in the style of the Italian Renaissance, and one of the projects of the St. Isaac's Cathedral, which was presented to Bishop Yevgeny Hakman during his pilgrimage to the
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.
* The
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
, native_name_lang = uk
, caption_background =
, image = StGeorgeCathedral Lviv.JPG
, imagewidth =
, type = Particular church ( sui iuris)
, alt =
, caption = St. George's ...
has a large number of believers in Chernivtsi who are increasing every year. Currently, several temples have been built in the city. The main temple representing the UGCC in Bukovina is the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was recently 190 years old. It also bears the title of the oldest temple built in Bukovina over the last several centuries. On 12 September 2017,
Pope Francis
Pope Francis ( la, Franciscus; it, Francesco; es, link=, Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic Church. He has been the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State since 13 March 2013. ...
confirmed the decision of the Synod of Bishops of the UGCC to establish a separate Chernivtsi eparchy and to appoint its Bishop
Yosafat Moschych.
*The
Armenian Church of Chernivtsi is the existing
Armenian Catholic Church of the Eastern Rite of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in the city of Chernivtsi. The temple was built and consecrated in
1875
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...
. He functioned intermittently during the Soviet rule in Bukovina. The temple is included in the list of city buildings protected by the law of Ukraine.
*Basilica of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Chernivtsi) is a
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
church with the status of a small basilica, the first stone building of the city. Its history begins when Bukovina joined Austria in 1774. At the time of Bukovina's annexation to Austria, there were no Roman Catholic temples in the province. The first holy mass was held at the wooden house of
General Gabriel von Spleny, the first Austrian governor of Bukovina, attended by only a small number of Roman Catholics. In 1778 the building of the first church in Chernivtsi was completed. The architectural structure of the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is characterized by classic features. There are also numerous chapels and churches in different districts of the city.
The
Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans is included in the
UNESCO list of Architectural Heritage.
Education
Chernivtsi is a known scientific and educational center in Western Ukraine. Research Institutes of Thermoelectricity, the Institute of Medical and Ecological Problems of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, Chernivtsi National University, Bukovinian State Medical University, Trade and Economics Institute, Institute of Economics and Law, Bukovinian State Institute for Finance and Economics.
Secondary education in Chernivtsi is provided by:
* 46 high schools with the Ukrainian language of study – 97.3% of students;
* 4 high schools with the Romanian language of study – 2.7%;
*2 private schools: Hope and Harmony.
*3 lyceums and 7 gymnasium.
There are 5 gymnasiums, 3 lyceums, and 3 sport schools, the Municipal Center of Science, "Young Technicians" Club, "GERDAN" Theatre-Studio.
There are 15 higher educational institutions (universities, institutes, colleges). Among them:
*
Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University (19,227 students) – one of the few classic universities in the country. It was opened on 4 October 1875, according to the decree of the Austrian Emperor
Franz Joseph. At that time the university consisted of three faculties: philosophical, theological and law. Today, 16 faculties and the Chernivtsi Pedagogical College within the ChNU are functioning at the university. Almost 13,000 students study in 61 specialities; the main areas of preparation are the natural sciences, and the humanities. This is the only university in the country where civilian theologians are trained.
*
Bukovinian State Medical University (4321 students). The teaching process at the 42 departments is provided by 75 doctors and 321 candidates of sciences. The teaching staff provides training for 4,474 students, including 675 students from 35 countries. Foreign students are taught in English. The Faculty of Postgraduate Education trains about 800 interns and over 2000 attending physicians; the university provides continuity and continuity of higher medical education: junior specialist, bachelor, doctor-specialist, master, graduate student. BSMU prepares specialists in the specialties "Medical Affairs", "Pediatrics", "Dentistry", "Medical Psychology", "Clinical Pharmacy", "Pharmacy", "Nursing", "Laboratory diagnostics".
* Chernivtsi Trade-Economics Institute of the
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (2315 students). The university trains specialists in the field of internal and foreign trade, restaurant business, state financial system and law, customs service, antitrust activity, business economics, banking and insurance, tax and accounting and control, audit, tourism, hospitality, household and other links in the infrastructure.
*Bukovinian University (the first private higher educational institution in the region) – 1,273 students.
*Bukovinian State Institute for Finance and Economics – 1,268 students.
*Chernivtsi Branch of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management.
Sports
The most popular kinds of sports in Chernivtsi include archery, judo, field hockey, karate, power-lifting and orienteering.
Chernivtsi's baseball,
ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an Ice rink, ice skating rink with Ice hockey rink, lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two o ...
, and
football clubs (
FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi) are participants in the Ukrainian national championships.
Chernivtsi has a large number of sports establishments and facilities, including five stadiums, 186 sports grounds, two tennis courts, eleven
football fields, five
skating rinks, 21 shooting galleries, three
swimming pool
A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool, is a structure designed to hold water to enable Human swimming, swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built ...
s, 69
gyms, 62 gyms with special training equipment, and an international motorcycle racing track.
Over 7,950 inhabitants are members of sport clubs within the city, and more than 50,000 people participate in various sport activities.
Currently, eight sportsmen from the city are members of national teams and twelve are members of national youth teams.
Three athletes from Chernivtsi were prize-winners in various world tournaments, two were winners of European and 42 of national championships in 2002.
Chernivtsi has been host to the
Sidecross World Championship a number of times, most recently in June 2010.
Transport
Chernivtsi public transport divides on two groups: trolleys and buses. All modes of transport cost approximately $0.20 .
In 2018, Chernivtsi has begun testing its innovative hybrid trolleybuses. The new trolleybuses are designed to improve the public transport system of Chernivtsi by making it more energy-efficient, as well as covering the part of the town which currently has no trolleybus lines.
Rail
There are three railway stations in Chernivtsi: Central Station (38 Gagarina Street., north from the centre), Chernivtsi-Pivnichna Railway station (Zavods'ka str., 13 (northwest ) and Chernivtsi-Pivdenna Railway station (Malovokzalna str., 21 (south )
Air
Chernivtsi is served by the
Chernivtsi International Airport (CWC) located south of the city centre (Chkalova Str., 30). Flights to
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
,
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh List ...
,
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
and
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
among others.
Road
Chernivtsi has access to the
M19 highway, which is part of the
European route E85, which links it to
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north ...
(south) and
Ternopil and
Lutsk
Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Luts ...
(north). Moreover, the
H03 and
H10 highways link Chernivtsi to other cities in Ukraine, the former connecting it to the capital city of
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, which is located about north-east of Chernivtsi.
International relations
Twin towns—Sister cities
The first international contacts with the city were established on 20 July 1989, when then-Mayor of Chernivtsi City Council Pavel Kaspruk, signed a twinning agreement with the Mayor of
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and most populous city of Utah, United States. It is the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in Utah. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, th ...
(USA) – Lowell Turner. To commemorate this event, the Cradle of Peace was erected in Chernivtsi.
Chernivtsi is
twinned
Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to:
* In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so;
* Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning
* Twinning inst ...
with:
Former twin cities
In February 2016 the Chernivtsi city council terminated its twinned relations with the Russian cities
Bryansk
Bryansk ( rus, Брянск, p=brʲansk) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, southwest of Moscow. Population:
Geography Urban layout
The location of the settlement was originally ...
and
Podolsk due to the
Russo-Ukrainian War
The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since February 2014. Following Ukraine's Rev ...
.
Notable people
Natives
*
Sophia Agranovich, American classical concert pianist,
Centaur Records recording artist and music educator
*
Aharon Appelfeld (1932–2018), Jewish writer
*
Zamfir Arbore
Zamfir Constantin Arbore (; born Zamfir Ralli, russian: Земфирий Константинович Арборе-Ралли, ''Zemfiriyi Konstantinovich Arborye-Ralli''; also known as Zamfir Arbure, Zamfir Rally, Zemphiri Ralli and Aivaza;Felea ...
(1848–1933), Romanian politician
*
Ninon Ausländer (1895–1966),
art historian and wife of
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include ''Demian'', '' Steppenwolf'', '' Siddhartha'', and '' The Glass Bead Game'', each of which explores an individual' ...
*
Rose Ausländer (1901–1988), Jewish German-language writer
*
Elyakim Badian
Elyakim-Gustav Badian ( he, אליקים-גוסטב בדיאן, 12 December 1925 – 13 February 2000) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1977 and 1981.
Biography
Born in Chernivtsi in Romania (today ...
(1925–2000), Israeli politician
*
Leon Birnbaum
Leon Birnbaum (1918–2010) was a Romanian mathematician and philosopher.
He was born in Chernovtsy (now Ukraine) on June 18, 1918 to a family with an intellectual tradition. He studied at the Orthodox High School, then at the Faculty of Ma ...
(1918–2010), Romanian mathematician and philosopher
*
Charles K. Bliss (1897–1985), inventor of
Blissymbolics
*
Ion Bostan (1914–1992), Romanian film director
*
Octav Botnar
Octav Botnar (October 21, 1913 – July 11, 1998) was a self-made businessman who founded Datsun UK (later Nissan UK) and its associated car retail business Automotive Financial Group (AFG). He was a noted philanthropist.
Early life
Botnar wa ...
(1913–1998), Romanian businessman, philanthropist, billionaire
*
Josef Burg (1912–2009), last Yiddish poet in Chernivtsi
*
Paul Celan (1920–1970), German-language poet and translator
*
Erwin Chargaff (1905–2002), Jewish biochemist
*
Eugen Ehrlich
Eugen Ehrlich (14 September 1862 – 2 May 1922) was an Austrian legal scholar and sociologist of law. He is widely regarded as one of the primary founders of the modern field of sociology of law.
Biography
Ehrlich was born in Czernowitz (now ...
(1862–1922), Jewish jurist, pioneer of the field of sociology of law
*
Natalia Fedner (born 1983), Ukrainian-American fashion designer
*
Moysey Fishbeyn (1947–2020), a Ukrainian poet
*
Maria Forescu (1875–1943/1947), Romanian opera singer and film actress
*
Rudolf Gerlach-Rusnak
Rudolf Gerlach-Rusnak ( uk, Рудольф Герлах-Руснак; né Orest Rusnak []; later known as Gerlach; 24 July 189523 January 1960) was a German operatic and concert lyrical tenor, and a member of the Bavarian State Opera who had an i ...
(1895–1960), German operatic and concert lyrical tenor
*
Max Glücksmann (1875–1946), Argentine Jewish pioneer of the music and film industries
*
George Grigorovici
George Grigorovici or Gheorghe Grigorovici (4 May 1871 - 18 July 1950) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician.
Biography
Gheorghe Grigorovici was born in May 1871 old style in the town of Storojineț in Duchy of Bukovina, then an I ...
(1871–1950), Romanian politician
*
Radu Grigorovici
Radu Grigorovici (November 20, 1911 – August 2, 2008) was a Romanian physicist.
Biography
Radu Grigorovici was born on November 20, 1911 in Chernivtsi, being the only son of the Bucovina Social Democrats Gheorghe and Tatiana Grigorovici. Aft ...
(1911–2008), Romanian physicist
*
Dmytro Hnatyuk (1925–2016), a Ukrainian baritone opera singer
*
Frederick John Kiesler (1890–1965), a theater designer, artist, theoretician and architect
*
Ruth Klieger Aliav
Ruth (or its variants) may refer to:
Places
France
* Château de Ruthie, castle in the commune of Aussurucq in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of France
Switzerland
* Ruth, a hamlet in Cologny
United States
* Ruth, Alabama
* Ruth, Ark ...
(1914–1979), Romanian-Israeli Jewish activist
*
Sam Kogan (1946–2004),
stage director, actor and founding principal of the
Academy of the Science of Acting and Directing
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...
in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
*
Renata Kallosh (born 1943), theoretical physicist
*
Mila Kunis
Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis (born August 14, 1983) is an American actress. Born in Chernivtsi and raised in Los Angeles, she began playing Jackie Burkhart on the Fox television series '' That '70s Show'' (1998–2006) at the age of 14. Sinc ...
(born 1983), American actress
[Міла Куніс зіграє у трилері "Чорний лебідь"]
Gazeta.ua (13 August 2009)
*
Elena Leușteanu (1935–2008), Romanian Olympic gymnast
*
Ani Lorak
Karolina Myroslavivna Kuiek, russian: Каролина Мирославовна Куек (born 27 September 1978), popularly known as Ani Lorak,, russian: Ани Лорак is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur and former U ...
(born 1978), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress
*
Eusebius Mandyczewski (1857–1929), Ukrainian-Romanian musicologist and composer
*
Itzik Manger (1901–1969),
Yiddish writer
*
Georg Marco (1863–1923), Austrian chess player and author
*
Meinhard E. Mayer (1929–2011), Romanian-American mathematician and physicist, Professor Emeritus of Physics and Mathematics at the
University of California
The University of California (UC) is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California. The system is composed of the campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Fran ...
*
Volodymyr Melnykov
Volodymyr Melnykov ( uk, Володимир Миколайович Мельников; born September 14, 1951, Chernivtsi) is a Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter, composer and public figure, Merited Figure of Arts of Ukraine.
Biography
Volo ...
(born 1951), Ukrainian poet, writer and composer
*
Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850–1905), Polish surgeon
*
Ingrid Nargang (1929–2019), Austrian lawyer and contemporary historian
*
Dan Pagis
Dan Pagis (October 16, 1930 – June 29, 1986) was an Israeli poet, lecturer and Holocaust survivor.
Biography
Dan Pagis was born in Rădăuţi, Bukovina in Romania and imprisoned as a child in a concentration camp in Ukraine. He escaped in 19 ...
(1930–1986), Israeli writer
*
Emil Paur (1855–1932), conductor
*
Traian Popovici (1892–1946), Romanian lawyer, mayor of Chernivtsi, and a
Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations ( he, חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, ; "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to s ...
for saving 20,000 Jews during the Holocaust
*
Iacob Pistiner, lawyer and Member of the Romanian Parliament in the interwar years
*
Aron Pumnul (1818–1866), Romanian philologist and teacher, national and revolutionary activist
*
Bernard Reder, sculptor
*
Markus Reiner (1886–1976), one of the founders of
rheology
Rheology (; ) is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid (liquid or gas) state, but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an appli ...
*
Gregor von Rezzori (1914–1998), German-language writer of Sicilian-Austrian origin
*
Ludwig Rottenberg
Ludwig Rottenberg (11 October 1865 – 6 May 1932) was an Austrian/German composer and conductor.
Biography
Rottenberg came from a German-speaking Jewish family in Czernowitz, the then-capital of Bukovina, which at the time was part of the Aust ...
(1864–1932), conductor and composer
*
Maximilien Rubel
Maximilien Rubel (10 October 1905, in Chernivtsi – 28 February 1996, in Paris) was a famous Marxist historian and council communist.
Rubel was born in western Ukraine and was educated in law and philosophy in Vienna and Chernivtsi Nationa ...
(1905–1996), Marxist historian
*
Lev Shekhtman (born 1951), Russian-American theater director and actor
*
Ze'ev Sherf (1904–1984), Israeli Minister of Finance
*
Jan Tabachnyk (born 1945), singer and composer
*
Sidi Tal (1912–1983), singer and actress
*
Inna Tsymbalyuk
Inna Anatoliivna Tsymbalyuk ( ua, І́нна Анато́ліївна Цимбалю́к; born June 11, 1985) is a Ukrainian actress and model who was crowned Miss Ukraine Universe 2006. She placed in the top 20 at the Miss Universe 2006
Miss ...
(born 1985), Ukrainian model and actress; semifinalist at
Miss Universe 2006.
*
Viorica Ursuleac (1894–1985), Romanian opera singer (dramatic soprano)
*
Inna Vernikov (Born 1984) New York City Councilwoman
*
Sofia Vicoveanca Sofia Micu (23 September 1941, Toporăuți, Cernăuți County, today in Ukraine), known by her stage name Sofia Vicoveanca (), is a Romanian singer of popular music from the historical region of Bucovina.
Musical career
Sofia Vicoveanca was born ...
(born 1941), Romanian singer of popular music from the Bukovina region
*
Roman Vlad (1919–2013) Romanian-Italian composer, pianist, and musicologist
*
Sydir Vorobkevych
Sydir Vorobkevych (, ) (1836–1903) was a Ukrainian composer, writer, Eastern Orthodox priest, teacher, artist, and newspaper editor of Bukovina. He used following pen-names: Danylo Mlaka, Demko Makoviychuk, Morozenko, Semen Khrin, Isydor Vo ...
(1836–1903) Ukrainian composer and writer
*
Ruth Wisse, professor of literature
*
Mariya Yaremchuk (born 1993), Ukrainian singer, represented
Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
*
Arseniy Yatsenyuk (born 1974), Ukrainian politician
*
Frederic Zelnik (1885–1950), an important German silent movie director-producer
*
Karol Mikuli (1821–1897), Polish-Romanian musician of Armenian descent
Residents
*
Moyshe Altman
Moyshe Altman ( yi, משה אַלטמאַן; russian: Моисей Элевич Альтман; ro, Moisei Altman) (May 7, 1890, Lipcani, Bessarabia - October 21, 1981, Chernivtsi, USSR) was a Yiddish writer
A writer is a person who uses wr ...
(1890–1981), Yiddish writer
*
Hermann Bahr
Hermann Anastas Bahr (; 19 July 1863 – 15 January 1934) was an Austrian writer, playwright, director, and critic.
Biography
Born and raised in Linz, Bahr studied in Vienna, Graz, Czernowitz and Berlin, devoting special attention to philosoph ...
*
Nicolae Bălan (1882–1955), Romanian cleric, a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church
*
Grigore Vasiliu Birlic (1905–1970), Romanian actor
*
Nathan Birnbaum
Nathan Birnbaum ( he, נתן בירנבוים; pseudonyms: "Mathias Acher", "Dr. N. Birner", "Mathias Palme", "Anton Skart", "Theodor Schwarz", and "Pantarhei"; 16 May 1864 – 2 April 1937) was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker a ...
*
Charles K. Bliss
*
Nikolay Bogolyubov
*
Traian Brăileanu
Traian Brăileanu or BrăileanAndrei Corbea-Hoișie, "'Wie die Juden Gewalt schreien': Aurel Onciul und die antisemitische Wende in der Bukowiner Öffentlichkeit nach 1907", in ''East Central Europe'', Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2012, p. 22 (September 14, ...
(1882–1947), Romanian sociologist and politician
*
Romulus Cândea
Romulus Cândea (October 7, 1886 – January 27, 1973) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian ecclesiastical historian.
Biography
Born in Avrig, Szeben County, in the Transylvania region of Austria-Hungary, his father was a Romanian Orthodox priest ...
(1886–1973), Romanian ecclesiastical historian
*
Erwin Chargaff
*
Nicolae Cotos Nicolae Cotos (October 10, 1883–May 15, 1959) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian theologian, within the Romanian Orthodox Church.
Born in Straja, in Austrian-ruled Bukovina, he attended high school in Suceava from 1897 to 1905. He then s ...
(1883–1959), Romanian theologian
*
Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romanian poet, novelist and journalist
*
Iancu Flondor (1865–1924), Romanian activist who advocated Bukovina's unification with the Kingdom of Romania
*
Jacob Frank (1726–1791), Polish rabbi and founder of
Frankism
*
Ivan Franko
*
Karl Emil Franzos (1848–1904), Jewish writer and publicist, grew up in Chernivtsi and wrote a literary memorial of the Jewish ghetto, ''The Jews of Barnow''
*
Constantin Isopescu-Grecul
Constantin Ritter von Isopescu-Grecul (or cavaler de Isopescu-Grecul; first name also Konstantin, last name also Isopescul-Grecul, Isopescu Grecu; ua, Константин Ісопискуль-Грекуль; February 2, 1871 – March 29, 1938) ...
(1871–1938), Romanian jurist, politician and journalist
*
Gala Galaction (1879–1961), Romanian writer
*
Abraham Goldfaden, active here
*
Zygmunt Gorgolewski
Zygmunt Gorgolewski (14 February 1845 in Solec – 6 July 1903 in Lviv) was a Polish architect, renowned for his construction of the Grand Theatre in Lviv. Jakub Lewiński. ''Między tradycją, a nowoczesnością; Architektura Lwowa lat ...
*
Ion Grămadă
Ion Grămadă (January 3, 1886—August 27, 1917) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, historian and journalist. A native of Bukovina, he joined the Romanian Army and died in battle during World War I.
Biography
Born in Zaharești ...
(1886—1917) Romanian writer, historian and journalist
*
Marian Hadenko
Marian Hadenko ( uk, Мар'ян Ілліч Гаденко; 15 September 1955 – 3 December 2021) was a Ukrainian composer, singer and television presenter. He was a recipient of the Merited Artist of Ukraine (1997) and the People's Artist of U ...
(1955–2021), Ukrainian singer, songwriter and composer
*
Maximilian Hacman
Maximilian Hacman ( – October 11, 1961) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian jurist.
Biography
Early life and Bukovina union role
Born in Oprișeni, in Austrian-ruled Bukovina, his uncle was Romanian Orthodox metropolitan Eugenie Hacman, ...
(1877–1961), Romanian jurist
*
Hans Hahn
*
Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi (1812–1874), Romanian historian, politician (
Landeshauptmann of Bukovina) and patriot
*
Volodymyr Ivasyuk (1949–1979), Ukrainian singer, songwriter and poet
*
Joseph Kalmer
Joseph Kalmer (August 17, 1898, Nehrybka, today Poland – July 9, 1959, Vienna) was an Austrian writer, poet and translator.
Kalmer attended high school in Czernowitz and gymnasium in Vienna. He started to write during his studies, and later be ...
(1898–1959), Austrian writer, poet and translator
*
Leonid Kravchuk
Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk ( uk, Леонід Макарович Кравчук; 10 January 1934 – 10 May 2022) was a Ukrainian politician and the first president of Ukraine, serving from 5 December 1991 until 19 July 1994. In 1992, he signed ...
, first President of Ukraine from 1991 to 1994
*
Olha Kobylyanska
Olha Yulianivna Kobylianska ( uk, Ольга Юліанівна Кобилянська; 27 November 1863 Gura Humorului, Bukovina, Austro-Hungary - 21 March 1942 Cernăuți, Cernăuți County, Romania) was a Ukrainian modernist writer and feminis ...
*
Zvi Laron
Zvi Laron ( he, צבי לרון, born February 6, 1927) is an Israeli paediatric endocrinologist. Born in Cernăuţi, Romania, Laron is a professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University.
In 1966, he described the type of dwarfism later called Laron ...
*
Vasile Luca (1898–1963), Soviet and Romanian communist politician
*
Anastasiya Markovich
Anastasia Markovich (Born October 23, 1979, Brichany, Moldavian SSR) is a Ukrainian painter. Anastasiya Markovich lives and works in Chernivtsi in the south-west of Ukraine where she grew up.
Markovich is known for several exhibitions in- and ...
(born 1979), painter
*
Karol Mikuli (1821–1892), Romanian pianist and composer, student of
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leadin ...
*
Ivan Mykolaychuk (1941–1987)
*
Grigore Nandriș (1895–1968), Romanian linguist, philologist and memoirist
*
Miron Nicolescu (1903–1975), Romanian mathematician
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Ion Nistor (1876–1962), Romanian historian and politician
*
Aurel Onciul
Aurel Onciul (29 February 1864 – 30 September 1921) was a Romanian pro-Austrian political leader in the Austrian Bukovina, prior to its union with the Kingdom of Romania.
He was born in Vicovu de Sus, now in Suceava County, Romania, and gradua ...
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Dimitrie Onciul (1856–1923), Romanian historian
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Dimitrie Petrino
Dimitrie Petrino (1838 (?)—April 29, 1878) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian poet.
Born in Rujnița, a village in the Bessarabia Governorate's Soroca County within the Russian Empire, his parents were Petre Petrino, a rural landowner, and ...
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Israel Polack
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George Popovici
George Popovici (; – July 11/12, 1905) was an Austro-Hungarian and Romanian agrarian politician, jurist and poet. He took to politics as a youth, participating in the nationalist movement as a member of Societatea Academică Junimea and Conc ...
(1863–1905), Romanian agrarian politician, jurist and poet
*
Ciprian Porumbescu
Ciprian Porumbescu (; born Cyprian Gołęmbiowski on 14 October 1853 – 6 June 1883) was a Romanian composer born in Șipotele Sucevei in Bukovina (now Shepit, Vyzhnytsia Raion, Ukraine). He was among the most celebrated Romanian composer ...
(1853–1883), Romanian composer
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Aron Pumnul (1818–1866), Romanian philologist and teacher, national and revolutionary activist
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Sextil Pușcariu
Sextil Iosif Pușcariu (4 January 1877 – 5 May 1948) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian linguist and philologist, also known for his involvement in administrative and party politics. A native of Brașov educated in France and Germany, he was ...
*
Florin Piersic (born 1936), Romanian actor and TV personality
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Wilhelm Reich
Wilhelm Reich ( , ; 24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian doctor of medicine and a psychoanalyst, along with being a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud. The author of several influential books, most ...
(1897–1957), Jewish psychoanalyst and
sexologist, born in
Dobrzanica, went to school in Chernivtsi
*
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden (born Erich Roll; 1 December 1907 – 30 March 2005) was a British academic economist, public servant and banker. He was made a life peer in 1977.
Biography
Roll was born in Nowosielitza, Austro-Hungarian Emp ...
(1907–2005),
*
Sofia Rotaru
Sofiia Mykhailivna Yevdokymenko-Rotaru (born 7 August 1947), known as Sofia Rotaru ( uk, Софія Михайлівна Ротару ; russian: link=no, Софи́я Миха́йловна Рота́ру; ro, Sofia Rotaru), is a former Ukrainia ...
(born 1947), Romanian-Ukrainian pop singer
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Wojciech Rubinowicz
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Ion G. Sbiera
Ion G. Sbiera (born November 1, 1835, in Horodnic de Jos - died October 22, 1916, in Czernowitz) was a Romanian folklorist. He was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultu ...
(1836–1916), Romanian folklorist and historian
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Josef Schmidt (1904–1942) singer, actor and cantor
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Fritz von Scholz (1896–1944), SS officer
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Joseph Schumpeter
Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian-born political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of German-Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at H ...
(1883–1950), economist and Minister of Finance, 1909–1911, professor in Chernivtsi
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Wilhelm Stekel
Wilhelm Stekel (; 18 March 1868 – 25 June 1940) was an Austrian physician and psychologist, who became one of Sigmund Freud's earliest followers, and was once described as "Freud's most distinguished pupil". According to Ernest Jones, "Stekel ...
(1868–1940), Jewish psychoanalyst and
sexologist, born in
Boiany, Bukowina, grew up in Chernivtsi and attended the Gymnasium (grammar school)
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Benno Straucher
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Vasile Tărâțeanu
Vasile Tărâțeanu ( uk, Василь Дмитрович Терицану; 27 September 1945 – 8 August 2022) was a Ukrainian writer and activist of Romanian ethnicity.
Biography
Vasile Tărâțeanu was born to Elena and Dumitru Tărâțea ...
(born 1945), Romanian journalist and writer
*
Georg Wassilko von Serecki
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Salo Weisselberger
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Nazariy Yaremchuk
Nazariy Nazarovych Yaremchuk ( uk, Назарій Назарович Яремчук) was a Hutsul Ukrainian singer, born in the village of Rivnya, Chernivtsi Oblast. He was posthumously named Hero of Ukraine in August 2021.
Until his death in ...
(1951–1995),
Hutsul singer
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Léon d'Ymbault Léon d'Ymbault de Vanthay (also: ''Leon d'Ymbault'', ''Leon d'Imbault'', ''Leon von Imbolt'', ''Leon Imbo''; born c. 1700 in Dragomesti, now Astakos; died March/April 1781 in Czernowitz, now Chernivtsi) was the last Moldavian mayor of Czernowitz be ...
(–1781), mayor
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Vasile Tărâțeanu
Vasile Tărâțeanu ( uk, Василь Дмитрович Терицану; 27 September 1945 – 8 August 2022) was a Ukrainian writer and activist of Romanian ethnicity.
Biography
Vasile Tărâțeanu was born to Elena and Dumitru Tărâțea ...
(born 1945), ethnic Romanian writer and activist in Ukraine
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George Mihalcheon
George M. Mihalcheon (Romanian: George Mihălcean October 1, 1893 – October 2, 1956) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1926 to 1930 as a member of the United Farmers caucus in governme ...
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Nissan Spivak
Nissan Spivak (widely known as Nissi Belzer, from Yiddish ''Belts''; 1824–1906) was a Jewish cantor and composer.
Career
He was cantor in his birthplace of Bălţi (''Beltsy''), Bessarabia, and was generally known as ‘Nisn Beltzer’. L ...
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Emilian Voiutschi
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Kassian Bogatyrets
Kassian Dmitrievich Bogatyrets, or Kasyan Dmytrovych Bohatyrets (Rusyn and russian: Кассиан Дмитриевич Богатырец; ua, Касіян Димитрович Богатирець; ro, Casian Bohatireț, ''Bogatireț'', ''Bohat ...
Gallery
File:Chern ratusha.jpg,
File:Собор "Святого Духа" Чернівці.jpg,
File:Chern teatr.jpg,
File:Реззиденція.jpg,
File:Житловий будинок "Корабель" Чернівці.jpg,
File:Kościół Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa w Czerniowcach (Panorama1).jpg,
File:2018 - Вірменська церква у Чернівцях.jpg,
File:WLM - 2020 - Миколаївський кафедральний собор (Чернівці).jpg,
File:Житловий будинок на Федьковича 27 А.JPG,
File:Kobylyanska Street-2018-3.jpg,
File:Kobylyanska Street2018-2.jpg,
File:St. Michael's Church (Czernowitz).Jpg,
File:Поштамт (арх. Ю.Захаревич), м. Чернівці, вул. Поштова, 6.jpg,
File:HerrenGasse 150.jpg,
File:Героїв Майдану,26 та 28.JPG,
See also
*
List of people from Chernivtsi
The Ukrainian city of Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці) is/was home to many people. The following is a list of people from Chernivtsi.
Natives
*Sophia Agranovich, American classical concert pianist, Centaur Records recording artist and music edu ...
References
External links
Information Portal Chernivtsi*
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Chernivtsi article by Vladislav Davidzon Tablet Magazine
Corriere del Ticino (Italian)
Chernivtsi Photos*
Virtual 3D Tour
{{Authority control
Oblast centers in Ukraine
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Magdeburg rights
Bukovina
Duchy of Bukovina
Capitals of former Romanian counties
Ținutul Suceava
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Cities in Chernivtsi Oblast
Populated places on the Prut