Charles Weidman (July 22, 1901 – July 15, 1975) was a renowned choreographer, modern dancer and teacher. He is well known as one of the pioneers of modern dance in America. He wanted to break free from the traditional movements of dance forms popular at the time to create a uniquely American style of movement. Born in 1901, he choreographed from the 1920s until his death in 1975. While he is most famous for his work with

Doris Humphrey Doris Batcheller Humphrey (October 17, 1895 – December 29, 1958) was an American dancer and choreographer of the early twentieth century. Along with her contemporaries Martha Graham and Katherine Dunham, Humphrey was one of the second gen ...

, Weidman did much work on his own. He created a bridge to a new range of movement that he only began to explore. His work inspired many and helped to create a whole genre of dance that is still evolving today.

Career

Charles Weidman began choreographing in a time of great change in American culture. He began his career as a dancer for the

Denishawn The Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn in Los Angeles, California, helped many perfect their dancing talents and became the first dance academy in the United States to produce a professiona ...

Company, but soon decided to break free from their exotic style of movement and create a new style that was unique to America. He started the Humphrey-Weidman Company with

in 1927, right in the midst of the

Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties, sometimes stylized as Roaring '20s, refers to the 1920s decade in music and fashion, as it happened in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the ...

. During this decade, society, art and culture were blossoming and thriving.

Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

music began to flourish, dancing became a popular activity, technology flourished, and the United States enjoyed a general sense of economic development. According to Weidman, "It was a positive time, one that said yes to human values, a time full of vitality, there was that urgent need to express oneself but also to express the time in which one lived. There was a belief in the future".Weidman, Charles. ''Charles Weidman, On His Own.'' Prod. Janet Mendelshon and Virginia Brooks. Dance Horizons Video. 1990. In a time when change was coming rapidly and innovations were popular, Weidman brought this to the dance world and changed dance forever. While Weidman began his choreography during this immense time of change, he also choreographed for four decades after he began. He worked through the Great Depression, the New Deal, and

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

. Although his work is not very political, his themes and ideas were designed to embody American culture.

Ideas about dance

Charles Weidman wanted to create a uniquely American style of movement. He wanted to develop movement that was not based on animals or bugs or fairy tale stories like the common themes in popular ballets. He also wanted to break free from the current ideas of modern dance embodied by the Denishawn Company (of which he was a member). He wanted to "dance man and woman in America today". He was most famous for his work with Doris Humphrey, with whom he started the Humphrey-Weidman Company. The two met when they were dancing in the Denishawn Company (of

Ted Shawn Ted Shawn (born Edwin Myers Shawn; October 21, 1891 – January 9, 1972) was a male pioneer of American modern dance. He created the Denishawn School together with his wife Ruth St. Denis. After their separation he created the all-male company Te ...

and Ruth St. Denis) and they soon after decided to create a dance company that built off a "dance style that sprang from American Soil". Weidman's work was completely new to the dance world because he was trying to break away from ballet's nature of defying gravity to create a dance style that gave in to the natural "pull of gravity".Nikolais, Alwin. ''Charles Weidman, On His Own.'' Prod. Janet Mendelshon and Virginia Brooks. DanceHorizons Video. 1990.

Technique

Weidman's movement vocabulary was based on gravity. In concentrating on this element, the "fall was rediscovered." The idea was to explore how giving into gravity makes one fall, while balancing one's body against gravity could create movement as well. In addition, he emphasized the movements that occurred before and after falling. From these ideas came suspension, or the "body's resistance to gravity"; and succession, or the "progressive unfolding of the body as an impulse flows from joint to joint". This created a whole new vocabulary of movements, which included much floor work, jumping, and falling. In addition to his unique new way of moving, Weidman brought a personal element to the dance world: his dramatic abilities. "Arguably, no one has dramatic skill equal to Weidman".Daniel, Clay. "Reconstructing Weidman: A Dancer's Perspective." Dance Research Journal. 39,2 (Winter, 2007): 83-98. His choreography was expressive and usually very emotional. His work's emotions ranged from comedy to seriousness—yet the expression is always important and always present in his choreography.

Choreographic themes

Weidman was also well known for the range of choreographic styles in which he worked. He worked in several different elements including religious, comedic, tributary and serious work. Arguably his most famous work, ''Flickers'', was a comedic sketch of silent films, filled with "jerky movements and corny situations". The piece is cut into four different reels that are four different stories or scenes. The pieces are very theatrical and comedic with many exaggerated facial expressions. Racial and sex stereotypes are exaggerated to a point of hilarity. In stark contrast Weidman choreographed a series called ''Atavisms'' which consisted of three pieces: ''Lynch Town'', a choreographic depiction of a carnal and bloodthirsty mob acting like vultures about to devour their prey, ''Bargain Counter'', and ''Stock Exchange''. Weidman's work ''This Passion'', a suite of dances depicting popular murder cases, also gained renown. Another of Weidman's major works was ''Brahms Waltzes'', which was dedicated to Doris Humphrey "because it was the kind of movement she loved and could dance so beautifully".Program from Charles Weidman and Members of the Theatre Dance Company, Expression of Two Arts Theatre, 1971 Contrasted against that again was a series of dances made as tributes to his mother's side of the family, called ''On My Mother's Side''; this featured a succession of dances based on different members of his mother's side of the family. His later work includes his ''Oratorios'', centered on religious themes, and of which Daniel Clay wrote: "It is a work magnificent in its scope and power and is arguably Mr. Weidman's master opus."

Legacy

Weidman changed the way dance was danced by working in different parameters. His contributions to the field were recognized when he received the Heritage Award in 1970. One of his former dancers said "all male dancers took concepts from Charles." In his company he trained famous choreographers such as

José Limón José Arcadio Limón (January 12, 1908 – December 2, 1972) was a dancer and choreographer from Mexico and who developed what is now known as 'Limón technique'. In the 1940s, he founded the José Limón Dance Company (now the Limón Dan ...

Bob Fosse Robert Louis Fosse (; June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American actor, choreographer, dancer, and film and stage director. He directed and choreographed musical works on stage and screen, including the stage musicals ''The Pajam ...

and

Louis Falco Louis Falco (August 2, 1942 – March 26, 1993) was an American dancer and choreographer. Life and career Louis Falco was born in New York City of southern Italian immigrant parents. He began his study of dance in the 1950s at The Henry Street ...

. Charles Weidman created a new style of dance by rejecting ballet and embracing gravity. He helped lay the foundations for

modern dance Modern dance is a broad genre of western concert or theatrical dance which included dance styles such as ballet, folk, ethnic, religious, and social dancing; and primarily arose out of Europe and the United States in the late 19th and early 20th ...

and many of his ideas are still the basis for modern dance today. Unfortunately, his work is not well known and has been hard to reconstruct because very little of it is on tape and only some of it is in

Labanotation Labanotation (the grammatically correct form "Labannotation" or "Laban notation" is uncommon) is a system for analyzing and recording human movement. The inventor was Rudolf von Laban (1879-1958), a central figure in European modern dance, who ...

. Therefore, it has been up to his former dancers to reconstruct most of his works from memory. However, his passion, influence and ideas have had an important influence on the way movement is studied and created today. Weidman was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame in 1987.

Notes

External links

Charles Weidman School of Modern Dance, Inc. Records, circa 1908-1975 - The New York Public LibraryCharles Weidman collection, 1800s-1979 - The New York Public LibraryThe Charles Weidman Archives
(Official site)

* ttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ibh&AN=36303432&site=ehost-live Heroes and Visions*Weidman, Charles. Flickers. produced by Ted Steeg Productions, Inc. 1941.
Charles Weidman
Britannica Encyclopaedia * http://oberon481.typepad.com/oberons_grove/2010/05/weidmanbach-project-.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Weidman, Charles 1901 births 1975 deaths Entertainers from Nebraska American choreographers Modern dancers Modern dance Artists from Lincoln, Nebraska Burials at Kensico Cemetery