The Low Beskids ( sk, Nízke Beskydy) or Central Beskids ( pl, Beskidy Środkowe; cs, Centrální Beskydy; uk, Центральні Бескиди) are a mountain range in southeastern
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
and northeastern
Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
. They constitute a middle (central) section of the
Beskids, within the
Outer Eastern Carpathians.
Since there are several traditional divisions of the ''
Beskid Mountains
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains ( pl, Beskidy, cs, Beskydy, sk, Beskydy, rue, Бескиды (''Beskydŷ''), ua, Бескиди (''Beskydy'')) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians, stretching from the Czech ...
'' in general, this particular region has also been classified by different designations. In
Slovak terminology, the region is called ''Low Beskids'' ( sk, Nízke Beskydy). In
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
terminology, the same region is not classified under the term ''Low Beskids'' ( pl, Beskid Niski), since that term is used to designate only one part of the region, while the Polish equivalent term for the entire region is ''Central Beskids'' ( pl, Beskidy Środkowe).
It is a hilly region, encompassing the
Prešov Region
The Prešov Region, also Priashiv Region ( sk, Prešovský kraj, ; hu, Eperjesi kerület; uk, Пряшівський край) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 13 districts (okresy) and 666 municipalities, 23 o ...
,
Sanok County and
Jasło County
__NOTOC__
Jasło County ( pl, powiat jasielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovakia, Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a re ...
, and covering the area between Busov,
Ondavská vrchovina,
Laborecká vrchovina, Beskydské predhorie in Slovakia, and
Beskid Sądecki
Beskid Sądecki is a mountain range in the eastern section of the Western Beskids, within the Outer Western Carpathians. It is located in the border region between Poland and Slovakia. On the Polish side, it stretches along an area of 670& ...
,
Pogórze Bukowskie
, photo=Pogorze nadolany.jpg
, photo_caption=A view from Bukowica Peak in western Nowotaniec.
, country= Poland
, parent= Doły Jasielsko Sanockie in Gmina Bukowsko, Gmina Besko, Gmina Sanok, Gmina Lesko, Gmina Komańcza, border=Bieszczady ...
and
Bieszczady near the river
Wisłoka,
Wisłok
Wisłok is a river in south-eastern Poland, a tributary of the San River, with a length of 220 kilometres and a basin area of 3,538 km2 (all in Poland). The root of the name ''Vis-lok'' is Indo-European or pre-Indo-European.
The first meta ...
and
Osława
The Osława (Czech: ''Oslava'', german: Oslawa, Ukrainian: ''Ослава'') is a river in South-Eastern Poland. Its name comes from the ancient west Slavic dialect word ''osła'', meaning "stone". It begins in the Bieszczady mountains and flow ...
in Poland. The mountain range has two summits, one of 1,002 (
Busov), and one of 997 metres (
Lackowa). The Low Beskids separate the
Bieszczady Mountains from the
Western Carpathians.
Original flora and fauna of the region were preserved because of the area's remoteness. The mountain range is covered with
beech
Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engle ...
forests. The area is protected by
Magurski National Park and
Jaśliski Park Krajobrazowy.
Animals living in this reserve are, amongst others,
black storks,
deer
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer ...
and
wolves
The wolf (''Canis lupus''; plural, : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large Canis, canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus, subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been reco ...
.
Subdivisions
Since there exist many variants of divisions of the mountain ranges and names for the Beskids, several divisions are given in the following:
* ''Low Beskid'' ( pl, Beskid Niski) in Poland +
Laborec Highlands
The Laborec Highlands (in Slovak, ''Laborecká vrchovina'') is a mountain range in northeastern Slovakia, part of the Lower Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.
The range is composed of Carpathian flysch. Bordered in the north by the Polis ...
(SK: Laborecká vrchovina) in Slovakia
* Busov (SK: Busov) in Slovakia
*
Ondavská Highlands
The Ondavská Highlands (in Slovak, ''Ondavská vrchovina'') is a mountain range in the Prešov Region of Slovakia, named for the Ondava River. The mountains are part of the Lower Beskids ranges (known in Polish terminology as the ''Central Bes ...
(SK: Ondavská vrchovina) in Slovakia
*
Beskidian Southern Foothills (SK: Beskydské predhorie) in Slovakia
Among mountains of this regions, most prominent are:
* Góry Grybowskie – near rivers Kamienica and Biała (Poland),
* Góry Hańczowskie – near rivers Biała,
Ropa and Zdynia (Poland),
* Beskid Gorlicki – near river Biała, villages: Radocyna,
Bartne
Bartne ', ( rue, Бортне, ''Bortne'', uk, Бортне, ''Bortne'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sękowa, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It l ...
, Wołowiec,
* Pasmo Magurskie – mountains ranges Magura Wątkowska and Małastowskie,
*
Beskid Dukielski
Beskid Dukielski (Dukla Beskid) is the middle part of the Low Beskids mountain range, lying north of the Dukla Pass and being named after the town of Dukla.
The range stretches from the valleys of the Wisłoka and rivers in the west, to the Kr ...
– between rivers
Wisłoka and Tabor (Poland),
* Gniazdo Jawornika – between rivers Jasiołki i
Wisłoka (Poland),
*
Pasmo Bukowicy and Kamieni Peak – between rivers
Wisłok
Wisłok is a river in south-eastern Poland, a tributary of the San River, with a length of 220 kilometres and a basin area of 3,538 km2 (all in Poland). The root of the name ''Vis-lok'' is Indo-European or pre-Indo-European.
The first meta ...
and Osławica,
* Pasmo graniczne – near river Bełcza (Poland),
* Wzgórza Rymanowskie – near river Tabor (Poland),
History
Poland
The region was a site of contention between
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Kievan Rus, and
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
, starting in at least the 9th century.
The population was primarily Slavic but with contentions over nationality. Germans and town dwelling Lemkos were Polonized and the countryside remained primarily Lemko/Ukrainian.
Up until 1947, the majority of the population was Lemko (Rusin). The Lemkos are sometimes considered the westernmost of the Ukraininans. They were forcibly removed in a Polinization plan agreed between the Soviet Union and the Polish communist government. Many were killed or forcibly sent to Soviet Ukraine. Those not sent to Ukraine were dispersed among towns and villages in the new western Polish territory taken from Germany.
Slovakia
The Low Beskids on the territory of present-day Slovakia has attracted settlers since the
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with t ...
. The Slavic forefathers of the Slovaks gradually moved to the basin of
Humenné
Humenné (; hu, Homonna; ukr, Гуменне) is a town in the Prešov Region ("kraj") in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the La ...
and
Bardejov during the great migration of peoples, starting in the 5th century. An intensive and organized settlement of this area started as late as in the middle of the 13th century, after the Mongol raids. However, the first written reference to the town dates back to the 1240s, when monks from Bardejov complained to the King
Béla IV about a violation of the town's borders by
Prešov
Prešov (, hu, Eperjes, Rusyn language, Rusyn and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Пряшів) is a city in Eastern Slovakia. It is the seat of administrative Prešov Region ( sk, Prešovský kraj) and Šariš, as well as the historic Sáros Cou ...
.
Rural landscape pictures
Image:Sekowa drewniany kosciol.jpg,
Image:Wisłok Wielki cerkiew.JPG,
Image:Bardejov-town center square.jpg,
Image:Bukowianie.jpg,
Image:Carpatho-Rusyn sub-groups - Presov area Lemkos (left side) and Przemyśl area Ukrainians in original goral folk-costumes..jpg,
Towns and villages
Important towns and villages of this region include:
Ethnic groups
Hiking trails
European walking route E8
The E8 European long distance path or E8 path is one of the European long-distance paths, leading 4,700 km (2,920 miles) across Europe, from Cork in Ireland to Bulgaria.
Route
After Ireland it crosses the Irish Sea into Wales and then int ...
:
*
Somár –
sedlo Baba –
Dolná Rakova –
Končini –
Brezová pod Bradlom –
Polianka –
Myjava
Myjava (; historically also Miava, german: Miawa, hu, Miava) is a town in Trenčín Region, Slovakia.
Geography
It is located in the Myjava Hills at the foothills of the White Carpathians and nearby the Little Carpathians. The river Myjava flow ...
–
Veľká Javorina –
Nové Mesto nad Váhom –
Machnáč –
Trenčín
Trenčín (, also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around from Bratislava. It has a population of more than 55,000, which makes it the eighth largest municip ...
–
Košecké Rovné –
Fačkovské sedlo –
Kunešov
Kunešov (german: Kuneschhau; hu, Kunosvágása) is a village and municipality in Žiar nad Hronom District in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská ...
–
Kraľová studňa –
Donovaly
Donovaly ( hu, Dóval) is a village in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. Being situated in an important pass between the mountains of Veľká Fatra and Starohorské vrchy, on the route connecting Banská Bystrica with Ružomberok, ...
–
Chopok
Chopok (2,024 m) is the third highest peak of the Low Tatra range (just after the neighboring Ďumbier and Štiavnica mountains) in central Slovakia. The peak offers a panoramatic view of High Tatra, Liptov and the valley of Hron. There is a chal ...
–
Čertovica
Čertovica ( hu, Ördöglakodalma-hágó) is a mountain pass in the Low Tatras mountain range in Slovakia. It connects regions of Liptov and Horehronie. With AMSL, it is the highest paved mountain pass in Slovakia. It is open all year round, ho ...
–
Telgárt
Telgárt ( hu, Garamfő, called ''Švermovo'' in 1948–1990) is a village and municipality in Brezno District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.
Etymology
The name is of German origin: ''Tiergarten'' (initially a hunting area) ...
–
Skalisko
Skalisko (german: Skallischen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Budry, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia
Russia (, ...
–
Štós-kúpele –
Skalisko
Skalisko (german: Skallischen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Budry, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia
Russia (, ...
–
Chata Lajoška
is a Japanese singer who has performed theme songs for video games and anime series. She has also participated in various dōjin music circles. Her own private circle is called ''Usagi Kinoko''.
History
Chata began dabbling in music in 1998. ...
–
Košice
Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
–
Malý Šariš –
Prešov
Prešov (, hu, Eperjes, Rusyn language, Rusyn and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Пряшів) is a city in Eastern Slovakia. It is the seat of administrative Prešov Region ( sk, Prešovský kraj) and Šariš, as well as the historic Sáros Cou ...
–
Miháľov –
Kurimka
Kurimka ( rue, Куримка) is a village and municipality in Svidník District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1548.
Geography
The municipality lies at an al ...
–
Dukla
Dukla is a town and an eponymous municipality in southeastern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,017. The total area of the commune is . Dukla belongs to Lesser Poland, and until the P ...
–
Iwonicz-Zdrój
Iwonicz-Zdrój (; uk, Іво́нич-Здруй), is a town in Poland, in Subcarpathian Voivodship, in Krosno County. It has 1,831 inhabitants (02.06.2009). It is located in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is above ...
–
Rymanów-Zdrój
Rymanów-Zdrój (; uk, Риманів-Здрій) is a village and a spa in southern Poland, in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in Krosno County.
Location
Rymanów-Zdrój lies south of the town of Rymanów, in the valley of the river Tabor surroun ...
–
Puławy –
Tokarnia (778 m) –
Kamień (717 m) –
Komańcza –
Cisna
Cisna ( uk, Тісна, ''Tisna'') is the main village of the Gmina Cisna in the Lesko County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland. It lies in the Solinka valley in between the Bieszczady mountains.
History
Th ...
–
Ustrzyki Górne
Ustrzyki Górne (; uk, Устрики Горішні, ''Ustryky Horišni'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutowiska, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Uk ...
-
Tarnica
Tarnica is a peak in the Bieszczady Mountains in southern Poland. Its height is 1,346 metres. It is one of the Polish Crown Peaks.
The summit towers 500 metres above the Wołosatka Valley. It can be easily told apart from its neighbo ...
–
Wołosate
Wołosate ( uk, Волосате, ''Volosate'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutowiska, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately ...
.
See also
*
Central Beskidian Foothills
The Central Beskidian Piedmont ( pl, Pogórze Środkowobeskidzkie) is a geographical region in southeastern Poland. It lies north of the Central Beskids, and belongs to the Outer Eastern Carpathians, representing the northernmost region of the Carp ...
*
Divisions of the Carpathians
*
Outer Eastern Carpathians
*
Eastern Beskids
The Eastern Beskids or Eastern Beskyds ( uk, Східні Бескиди; pl, Beskidy Wschodnie; rue, Выходны Бескиды; ro, Beskizii Orientali; russian: Восточные Бескиды) are a geological group of mountain ranges o ...
References
Literature
*
*
*
*
* Jadwiga Warszyńska. Karpaty Polskie : przyroda, człowiek i jego działalność ; Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Kraków, 1995.
External links
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Low BeskydCarpathian Mountains: Division (map)
{{Authority control
Mountain ranges of Poland
Mountain ranges of Slovakia
Mountain ranges of the Eastern Carpathians
Spiš
Landforms of Podkarpackie Voivodeship