Casuarinin is an

ellagitannin The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl group ...

. It is found in the pericarp of

pomegranate The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall. The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean re ...

s (''Punica granatum''). It is also found in ''

Casuarina ''Casuarina'' is a genus of 17 tree species in the family Casuarinaceae, native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa. It was once treated as the sole genus in the fami ...

'' and ''

Stachyurus ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...

'' species and in ''

Alnus sieboldiana ''Alnus sieboldiana'' (オオバヤシャブシ in Japanese) is an alder species found on the islands of Honshū, Shikoku, and Suwanose-jima in Japan. ''A. sieboldiana'' contains the ellagitannins alnusiin, tellimagrandin I, pedunculagin, ...

''. It is an isomer of

casuarictin Casuarictin is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolysable tannin. It can be found in ''Casuarina'' and ''Stachyurus'' species.Tannins of Casuarina and Stachyurus species. I: Structures of pendunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, casuarinin, casuariin, ...

. It is a highly active

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, ...

Biosynthesis

In some plants including oak and chestnut, the ellagitannins are formed from 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose and further elaborated via oxidative dehydrogenation (

tellimagrandin II Tellimagrandin II is the first of the ellagitannins formed from 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose. It can be found in '' Geum japonicum'' and ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (clove).Purification and Characterization of Eugeniin as an Anti-herpesvirus Compoun ...

and

formations). After conversion of

pedunculagin Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin. It is formed from casuarictin via the loss of a gallate group. Natural occurrence Pedunculagin is found in plants in orders in the clade Rosidae. It can be found the pericarp of pomegranates (''Punica granatum' ...

, the pyranose ring of the

glucose Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula . Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using ...

opens and the family of compounds including casuariin, casuarinin,

castalagin Castalagin is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolyzable tannin, found in oak and chestnut wood and in the stem barks of ''Anogeissus leiocarpus'' and ''Terminalia avicennoides''. Castalagin is the diastereomer of vescalagin in C-1 of the glycosidic ...

, and

castlin Castalin is an ellagitannin. It can be found in oak wood and in ''Melaleuca quinquenervia ''Melaleuca quinquenervia'', commonly known as the broad-leaved paperbark, paper bark tea tree, punk tree or niaouli, is a small- to medium-sized tree o ...

, vescalagin and vescalin forms.Tannins chemistry by Hagerman A. E.

References

{{Ellagitannin Ellagitannins Pomegranate ellagitannins Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors