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Casuarinin
Casuarinin is an ellagitannin. It is found in the pericarp of pomegranates (''Punica granatum''). It is also found in ''Casuarina'' and ''Stachyurus'' species and in ''Alnus sieboldiana''. It is an isomer of casuarictin. It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Biosynthesis In some plants including oak and chestnut, the ellagitannins are formed from 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose and further elaborated via oxidative dehydrogenation (tellimagrandin II and casuarictin formations). After conversion of casuarictin to pedunculagin, the pyranose ring of the glucose opens and the family of compounds including casuariin, casuarinin, castalagin, and castlin Castalin is an ellagitannin. It can be found in oak wood and in ''Melaleuca quinquenervia ''Melaleuca quinquenervia'', commonly known as the broad-leaved paperbark, paper bark tea tree, punk tree or niaouli, is a small- to medium-sized tree o ..., vescalagin and vescalin forms. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casuarina
''Casuarina'' is a genus of 17 tree species in the family Casuarinaceae, native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa. It was once treated as the sole genus in the family, but has since been split into four genera (see: Casuarinaceae).Flora of Australia''Casuarina''/ref> They are evergreen shrubs and trees growing to tall. The slender, green to grey-green twigs bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of 5–20. The apetalous flowers are produced in small catkin-like inflorescences. Most species are dioecious, but a few are monoecious. The fruit is a woody, oval structure superficially resembling a conifer cone, made up of numerous carpels, each containing a single seed with a small wing. The generic name is derived from the Malay word for the cassowary, ''kasuari'', alluding to the similarities between the bird's feathers and the plant's foliage, though the tree is called ''ru'' in Modern Malay. Kare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stachyurus
''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before the leaves. The plants have leaves with serrate margins. Pendunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, casuarinin and casuariin are ellagitannins found in species in this genus. ''Stachyurus praecox'' from Japan, and the slightly later-flowering ''S. chinensis'' from China, are both cultivated as ornamental plants, valued for their exceptionally early flowering periods. Species list * ''Stachyurus chinensis'' * ''Stachyurus coaetaneus'' * ''Stachyurus cordatulus'' * ''Stachyurus himalaicus'' * ''Stachyurus obovatus'' * ''Stachyurus praecox'' * ''Stachyurus retusus'' * ''Stachyurus salicifolius'' * ''Stachyurus yunnanensis ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellimagrandin II
Tellimagrandin II is the first of the ellagitannins formed from 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose. It can be found in '' Geum japonicum'' and ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (clove).Purification and Characterization of Eugeniin as an Anti-herpesvirus Compound from Geum japonicum and Syzygium aromaticum. Masahiko Kurokawa, Toyoharu Hozumi, Purusotam Basnet, Michio Nakano, Shigetoshi Kadota, Tuneo Namba, Takashi Kawana and Kimiyasu Shiraki, JPET, February 1, 1998 vol. 284 no. 2, pages 728-735article Tellimagrandin II is an isomer of punicafolin or nupharin A, but the hexahydroxydiphenoyl group is not attached to the same hydroxyl groups in the glucose molecule. The compound shows anti-herpesvirus properties. Metabolism It is formed by oxidation of pentagalloyl glucose in '' Tellima grandiflora'' by the enzyme pentagalloylglucose: O(2) oxidoreductase, a laccase-type phenol oxidase. It is further oxidized to casuarictin, a molecule formed via oxidative dehydrogenation of 2 other galloyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castalagin
Castalagin is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolyzable tannin, found in oak and chestnut wood and in the stem barks of ''Anogeissus leiocarpus'' and ''Terminalia avicennoides''. Castalagin is the diastereomer of vescalagin in C-1 of the glycosidic chain. Castalagin/ vescalagin are the most abundant ellagitannins in white wine stored in oak barrels. During aging of wines, these two compounds were progressively extracted from the wood and were transformed into new derivatives by chemical reactions. Therefore, castalagin/ vescalagin and their derivatives contribute to the color and the taste of wines and spirits stored in oak barrels. Sources Castalagin was first isolated in Fagaceae family woody species : ''Quercus'' (oak) and '' Castanea'' (chestnut) by Walter Mayer and co-workers (1967). In some chestnut species, such as ''Castanea sativa'', heartwood could contain 63 mg of castalagin/ vescalagin per gram of dry wood. In some wines, these two isomers represent about 40 to 70% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alnus Sieboldiana
''Alnus sieboldiana'' (オオバヤシャブシ in Japanese) is an alder species found on the islands of Honshū, Shikoku, and Suwanose-jima in Japan. ''A. sieboldiana'' contains the ellagitannins alnusiin, tellimagrandin I, pedunculagin, casuarinin, casuariin and 2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose. The Latin specific epithet ''sieboldiana'' refers to German physician and botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17 February 1796 – 18 October 1866) was a German physician, botanist and traveler. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora and fauna and the introduction of Western medicine in Japan. He w ... (1796–1866).D. Gledhill References External links sieboldiana Endemic flora of Japan Plants described in 1902 Trees of Japan {{Fagales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casuarictin
Casuarictin is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolysable tannin. It can be found in ''Casuarina'' and ''Stachyurus'' species.Tannins of Casuarina and Stachyurus species. I: Structures of pendunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, casuarinin, casuariin, and stachyurin. Okuda T., Yoshida T., Ashida M. and Yazaki K., Journal of the Chemical Society, 1983, number 8, pages 1765-1772, It is formed from two hexahydroxydiphenic acid units and one gallic acid unit linked to a glucose molecule. The molecule is formed from tellimagrandin II, itself formed from pentagalloyl glucose via oxidation. Casuarictin is transformed into pedunculagin via loss of a gallate group, and further into castalagin Castalagin is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolyzable tannin, found in oak and chestnut wood and in the stem barks of '' Anogeissus leiocarpus'' and ''Terminalia avicennoides''. Castalagin is the diastereomer of vescalagin in C-1 of the glycosidi ... via glucose pyranose ring opening. Oligomers Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis. Medical uses Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma. They may also be used to treat seizure disorder and acute mountain sickness. Because they encourage solubilization and excretion of uric acid, they can be used in the treatment of gout. Glaucoma Acetazolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. It is used for glaucoma, epilepsy (rarely), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and altitude sickness. For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase and interferes with the sodium pump, which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellagitannins
The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl groups are linked through C-C bonds, whereas the galloyl groups in gallotannins are linked by depside bonds. Ellagitannins contain various numbers of hexahydroxydiphenoyl units, as well as galloyl units and/or sanguisorboyl units bounded to sugar moiety. In order to determine the quantity of every individual unit, the hydrolysis of the extracts with trifluoroacetic acid in methanol/water system is performed. Hexahydroxydiphenic acid, created after hydrolysis, spontaneously lactonized to ellagic acid, and sanguisorbic acid to sanguisorbic acid dilactone, while gallic acid remains intact. Ellagitannins generally form macrocycles, whereas gallotannins do not. Examples * Castalagin * Castalin * Casuarictin * Grandinin * Oenothein B from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castlin
Castalin is an ellagitannin. It can be found in oak wood and in ''Melaleuca quinquenervia ''Melaleuca quinquenervia'', commonly known as the broad-leaved paperbark, paper bark tea tree, punk tree or niaouli, is a small- to medium-sized tree of the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It grows as a spreading tree up to tall, with its trunk cov ...'' leaves. References Ellagitannins {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellagitannin
The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl groups are linked through C-C bonds, whereas the galloyl groups in gallotannins are linked by depside bonds. Ellagitannins contain various numbers of hexahydroxydiphenoyl units, as well as galloyl units and/or sanguisorboyl units bounded to sugar moiety. In order to determine the quantity of every individual unit, the hydrolysis of the extracts with trifluoroacetic acid in methanol/water system is performed. Hexahydroxydiphenic acid, created after hydrolysis, spontaneously lactonized to ellagic acid, and sanguisorbic acid to sanguisorbic acid dilactone, while gallic acid remains intact. Ellagitannins generally form macrocycles, whereas gallotannins do not. Examples * Castalagin * Castalin * Casuarictin * Grandinin * Oenothein B from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
