''Camposipterus'' is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the

Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Pro ...

of England. Fossil remains of ''Camposipterus'' dated back to the

, about 112 million years ago.

Discovery and naming

In 1869, Harry Govier Seeley, based on a fossil found at

Haslingfield Haslingfield is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England. The village is about six miles south-west of Cambridge, between Harston, Barton and Barrington. The population in the 2001 census was 1,550 people living in 6 ...

, Cambridgeshire, named ''Ptenodactylus nasutus'',Seeley, H.G., 1869, ''Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge''. Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp at the same time disclaiming the name which makes it invalid by modern standards. In 1870, Seeley had realized that the generic name ''Ptenodactylus'' had been preoccupied, so he renamed the species into '' Ornithocheirus nasutus''.Seeley, H.G., 1870, ''The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge''. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xii + 135 pp The

specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...

means "with a long nose" in Latin. In 2001, David Unwin made this species a

junior subjective synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

of '' Anhanguera fittoni''. However, in 2013, Taissa Rodrigues and Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner concluded firstly that ''Pterodactylus fittoni'' was not a part of the genus ''Anhanguera'' and secondly that ''Ornithocheirus nasutus'' was not identical to it regardless. They decided to name a separate genus for the species: ''Camposipterus''. The generic name combines that of the Brazilian paleontologist

Diogenes de Almeida Campos Diogenes ( ; grc, Διογένης, Diogénēs ), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (, ) or Diogenes of Sinope, was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynicism (philosophy). He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea ...

with a Latinized Greek πτερόν, pteron, "wing". The resulting new combination name, the ''

combinatio nova ''Combinatio nova'', abbreviated ''comb. nov.'' (sometimes ''n. comb.''), is Latin for "new combination". It is used in taxonomic biology literature when a new name is introduced based on a pre-existing name. The term should not to be confused wi ...

'', which is ''Camposipterus nasutus'', while the type species remains as ''Ornithocheirus nasutus''. The holotype, CAMSM B 54556, had been found in a layer of the Cambridge Greensand dating from the

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...

but probably containing reworked fossils from the older Albian. It consists of the front part of a snout. Rodrigues & Kellner in 2013 moved two more species to the genus. They renamed ''Pterodactylus sedgwickii'' into ''Camposipterus''(?) ''sedgwickii'' and ''Ornithocheirus colorhinus'' into ''Camposipterus''(?) ''colorhinus''. The question marks indicate the uncertainty of the authors about the correctness of the move. ''Pterodactylus sedgwickii'' had in 1859 been named by

Richard Owen Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and paleontologist. Owen is generally considered to have been an outstanding naturalist with a remarkable gift for interpreting fossils. Owe ...

based on specimen CAMSM B54422, the front part of a snout from the Cambridge Greensand. Its specific name honors

Adam Sedgwick Adam Sedgwick (; 22 March 1785 – 27 January 1873) was a British geologist and Anglican priest, one of the founders of modern geology. He proposed the Cambrian and Devonian period of the geological timescale. Based on work which he did on W ...

. It was in 1869 renamed by Seeley into a ''Ptenodactylus sedgwickii'', and in 1870 into a ''Ornithocheirus sedgwickii''. In 1874, Owen again renamed it into '' Coloborhynchus sedgwickii''.Owen, R., 1874, ''Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations''. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp Owen in 1859 also referred a front of the lower jaws, specimen CAMSM B54421. However, this piece is not of the same individual as the holotype and there is no proof for any connection with ''Pterodactylus sedgwickii''. In 1869, Seeley also named a ''Ptenodactylus colorhinus'', in 1870 an ''Ornithocheirus colorhinus'' based on the syntypes CAMSM B54431 and CAMSM B54432, both front snouts from the Cambridge Greensand. Its specific name means "with a docked nose" from the Greek κόλος, ''kolos'', "docked", and ῥίς. ''rhis'', "nose". In 2001, Unwin considered this species to be a junior synonym of ''Anhanguera cuvieri''. However, this was not accepted by Rodrigues & Kellner, who, rejecting any identity between the Brazilian and English pterosaur material, named a separate ''

Cimoliopterus ''Cimoliopterus'' is a genus of pterosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now England and the United States. The first known specimen, consisting of the front part of a snout including part of a crest, was discovered in the G ...

cuvieri''.

Description

''Camposipterus'' as a clade

Rodrigues & Kellner treated ''Camposipterus'' as a group or

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

. No

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...

could be established but a unique combination of themselves not unique traits was present. In side view the snout is rounded. The snout bears no crest. The front part of the snout is expanded. The palate curves upwards. The first tooth pair is located in the snout tip. Each of the species of ''Camposipterus'' has its own unique derived traits, autapomorphies, and a unique combination of traits.

''Camposipterus nasutus''

Rodrigues & Kellner established two autapomorphies of ''Camposipterus nasutus''. At the front of the jaw edge there is a density of three teeth per , at the rear a density of 2.5 teeth. The snout tip is flat, in front view wider than tall. There is a unique combination of traits: the upper profile of the snout is straight or lightly curved; the midline ridge on the palate is extended forwards until the level of the rear margins of the second tooth pair; to the rear the distance between the teeth gradually increases; the second and third tooth pairs are obliquely pointed sideways; the front of the snout is slightly expanded.

''Camposipterus''(?) ''sedgwickii''

Rodrigues & Kellner established two autapomorphies of ''Camposipterus''(?) ''sedgwickii''. The expanded section of the front snout is suddenly constricted behind the third tooth pair. The tooth sockets of the third tooth pair are much larger than those of the fourth pair. There is a unique combination of traits: the snout is deep; the midline ridge on the palate towards the front reaches a position behind the third tooth pair. This species was reassigned to the genus ''

Aerodraco ''Aerodraco'' (meaning "air dragon") is a genus of anhanguerid pterosaur from the Albian–Cenomanian-age Cambridge Greensand of England. It contains only one species, ''Aerodraco sedgwickii''. It was originally assigned to the genus ''Pterodacty ...

'' in 2020.

''Camposipterus''(?) ''colorhinus''

Rodrigues & Kellner established a single autapomorphy of ''Camposipterus''(?) ''colorhinus'': the depression above the first tooth pair is obliquely directed to below. There is a unique combination of traits: the frontal expansion of the snout is well-developed, without a constriction at its end; there is a depression above the first tooth pair; the second and third tooth sockets have a large diameter; the fourth tooth socket is much smaller than the second and third. ''Camposipterus''(?) ''colorhinus'' has a robust snout tip forming a large rosette to catch slippery prey such as fishes, indicating an animal of considerable size. The depression above the first tooth pair is shared with ''

Uktenadactylus ''Uktenadactylus'' is a genus of anhanguerid pterodactyloid pterosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Paw Paw Formation of Texas, United States and the Wessex Formation on the Isle of Wight, England. Fossil remains of ''Uktenadactylus'' dated back to ...

wadleighi'', but in this form the depression is horizontally oriented. Seeley speculated that it was the attachment area for a lip but pterosaurs had horny beaks.

Phylogeny

Rodrigues and Kellner assigned ''Camposipterus'' to the

Anhangueria, but '' incertae sedis'', thus in an unknown position. Some cladistic analyses published in the naming article suggested a position in the evolutionary tree above ''Cimoliopterus'' and below '' Cearadactylus atrox''. In 2019, Jacobs ''et al.'' published a phylogenetic analysis that placed ''Camposipterus'' within the family Ornithocheiridae, more specifically the sister taxon of ''Cimoliopterus''. In the same year however, a study by Pêgas ''et al.'' placed ''Camposipterus'' within the clade

Targaryendraconia Targaryendraconia is an extinct clade of lanceodontian pterosaurs that lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous period in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. Classification Below is a cladogram following a topology by Pêga ...

, and specifically within the family

Cimoliopteridae Targaryendraconia is an extinct clade of lanceodontian pterosaurs that lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous period in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. Classification Below is a cladogram following a topology by Pêgas and ...

as the sister taxon of both '' Aetodactylus'' and ''Cimoliopterus'':Rodrigo V. Pêgas, Borja Holgado & Maria Eduarda C. Leal (2019) On ''Targaryendraco wiedenrothi'' gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea, Lanceodontia) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids, Historical Biology, Topology 1: Jacobs ''et al.'' (2019). Topology 2: Pêgas ''et al.'' (2019).

References

{{Portal bar, Paleontology, Cretaceous, United Kingdom Pteranodontoids Albian life Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of Europe Cretaceous England Fossils of England Fossil taxa described in 2013 Taxa named by Alexander Kellner