''Cacao yellow mosaic virus'' (CYMV) is a virus in the family ''
Tymoviridae
''Tymoviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order ''Tymovirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.
Taxono ...
'' that infects
cacao trees in
Sierra Leone.
Description
CYMV, like other ''Tymoviridae'' are
non-enveloped
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes.
Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encase ...
viruses, surrounded by a
capsid approximately 30
nanometer
330px, Different lengths as in respect to the molecular scale.
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American and British English spelling differences#-re ...
s wide.
The viral capsid has
T = 3 symmetry.
[ ''Tymoviridae'' have positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes approximately 6 kilobases long.][
]
Disease
In the cacao tree, CYMV infection leads to the appearance of large circular yellow blotches on the leaves. Infected trees are not killed or severely inhibited.[
]
Ecology and distribution
CYMV has only been found in Sierra Leone where it primarily infects the cacao tree '' Theobroma cacao''. However, it can experimentally infect a number of other dicot
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, t ...
s including ''Chenopodium amaranticolor
''Chenopodium giganteum'', also known as tree spinach, is an annual, upright many-branched shrub with a stem diameter of up to 5 cm at the base, that can grow to a height of up to 3 m.Zhu, Gelin & Mosyakin, Sergei & E. Clemants, Steven. (200 ...
'', '' Chenopodium quinoa'', '' Tetragonia expansa'', '' Vinca rosea'', '' Nicotiana clevelandii'', and ''Nicandra physalodes
''Nicandra physalodes'' is a species of flowering plant in subfamily Solanoideae of the nightshade family. It is known by the common names apple-of-Peru and shoo-fly plant. It is thought originally to have been native to western South America, in ...
''.
References
External links
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Cacao yellow mosaic virus
Viral plant pathogens and diseases
Cacao diseases
Tymoviridae
{{Virus-plant-disease-stub