CSS David (large)

CSS ''David'' was an American Civil War-era torpedo boat. On October 5, 1863, she undertook a partially successful attack on which was participating in the blockade of Charleston, South Carolina.

Construction

Based upon a design by St. Julien Ravenel, ''David'' was built as a private venture by T. Stoney at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863, and was put under the control of the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The cigar-shaped boat carried a explosive charge of gunpowder on the end of a spar projecting forward from her bow. CSS ''David'' operated as a semi-submersible: water was taken into ballast tanks so that only the length of the open-top conning tower and the stack for the boiler appeared above water. Designed to operate very low in the water, ''David'' resembled in general a submersible submarine; she was, however, strictly a surface vessel. Operating on dark nights, and using anthracite coal (which burns without smoke), ''David'' was nearly as hard to see as a true submarine.

Attack on ''New Ironsides''

On the night of October 5, 1863, ''David'', commanded by Lieutenant William T. Glassell, CSN, left Charleston Harbor to attack the casemate ironclad steamer . The torpedo boat approached undetected until she was within of the blockader. Hailed by the watch on board ''New Ironsides'', Glassell replied with a blast from a shotgun and ''David'' plunged ahead to strike. Her spar torpedo detonated under the starboard quarter of the ironclad, throwing high a column of water which rained back upon the Confederate vessel and put out her boiler fires. Her engine dead, ''David'' hung under the quarter of ''New Ironsides'' while small arms fire from the Federal ship spattered the water around the torpedo boat.

Believing that their vessel was sinking, Glassell and two others abandoned her; the pilot, Walker Cannon, who could not swim, remained on board. A short time later, Assistant Engineer J. H. Tomb swam back to the craft and climbed on board. Rekindling the fires, Tomb succeeded in getting ''David''s engine working again, and with Cannon at the wheel, the torpedo boat steamed up the channel to safety. Glassell and Seaman James Sullivan, ''David''s fireman, were captured. ''New Ironsides'', though not sunk, was damaged by the explosion. US Navy casualties were Acting Ensign C.W.Howard (died of gunshot wound), Seaman William L. Knox (legs broken) and Master at Arms Thomas Little (contusions).

The next four months of ''David''s existence are obscure. She or other torpedo boats tried more attacks on Union blockaders; reports from different ships claim three such attempts, all unsuccessful, during the remainder of October 1863. On March 6, 1864, ''David'' attacked in the North Edisto River. The torpedo boat struck the blockader first on the port quarter, but the torpedo did not explode. ''Memphis'' slipped her chain, at the same time firing ineffectively at ''David'' with small arms. Putting about, the torpedo boat struck ''Memphis'' again, this time a glancing blow on the starboard quarter; once more the torpedo misfired. Since ''Memphis'' had now opened up with her heavy guns, ''David'', having lost part of her stack when rammed, retreated up the river out of range. ''Memphis'', undamaged, resumed her blockading station.

''David''s last confirmed action came on April 18, 1864 when she tried to sink the screw frigate . Alert lookouts on board the blockader sighted ''David'' in time to permit the frigate to slip her chain, avoid the attack, and open fire on the torpedo boat. Neither side suffered any damage.

The ultimate fate of ''David'' is uncertain. Several torpedo boats of this type fell into Union hands when Charleston was captured in February 1865. ''David'' may well have been among them.

Wrecks discovered

On January 20, 1998, underwater archaeologist Dr. E. Lee Spence led a Sea Research Society expedition, funded by philanthropist Stanley M. Fulton, to find the remains of the two Confederate torpedo boats shown in various photos taken shortly after the fall of Charleston. Spence's theory was that the two vessels had been abandoned where they lay and were simply filled over as the city expanded. Spence used still existing houses in the pictures to triangulate where they might be. Using a ground penetrating radar, operated by Claude E. "Pete" Petrone of ''National Geographic Magazine'', the expedition located two radar anomalies consistent with what would be expected of the two wrecks. The anomalies were under present-day Tradd Street, so no excavation was done. A post-war letter written by David C. Ebaugh, who supervised the construction of ''David'', described her as abandoned at what was then the foot of Tradd Street.''The South Carolina Historical Magazine'', Vol. 54, No. 1 (Jan., 1953), pp. 32-36

Other "David"s

"David" came to be the generic term for any torpedo boat resembling this ''David''.
An unknown number of torpedo boats of the ''David''-type were built for and operated by the CSN. When Federal forces captured Charleston in February 1865, they found, incomplete, a much larger ''David'', with a length of about and designed as a cargo-carrying blockade-runner. This vessel was taken to Washington DC.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:David, CSS
Torpedo boats of the Confederate States Navy
Ships built in Charleston, South Carolina
1863 ships
Maritime incidents in 1865