A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of carbohydrate-binding

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

known as a

lectin Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Lectins have a role in rec ...

. The C-type designation is from their requirement for

calcium Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to ...

for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and

apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes incl ...

Classification

Drickamer ''et al.'' classified C-type lectins into 7 subgroups (I to VII) based on the order of the various

protein domains In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of s ...

in each protein. This classification was subsequently updated in 2002, leading to seven additional groups (VIII to XIV). Most recently, three further subgroups were added (XV to XVII). CLECs include: *

CLEC1A C-type lectin domain family 1 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC1A'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin, C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a c ...

CLEC1B C-type lectin domain family 1 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC1B'' gene. Natural killer (NK) cells express multiple calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like receptors, such as CD94 (KLRD1; MIM 602894) and NKG2D (KLRC4; M ...

CLEC2A CLEC or Clec may refer to: * ''Clec'' (album), a 1995 album by Perfect Houseplants, co-founded by Huw Warren *Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, a British government authority that existed from the 1840s to 1878 *Competitive local exchange ca ...

CLEC2B C-type lectin domain family 2 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC2B'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) protein superfamily. Members of this family share a common p ...

CD69 CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene. It is an early activation marker that is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, T cells, and many other cell types in the immune system. It is ...

(CLEC2C),

CLEC2D C-type lectin domain family 2 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC2D'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the natural killer cell receptor C-type lectin family. The encoded protein inhibits osteoclast formation and conta ...

, CLEC2L * CLEC3A, CLEC3B *

CLEC4A C-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC4A'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein ...

CLEC4C CLEC4C is a membrane protein of plasmacytoid dendritic cells used as a marker for this kind of cells and denoted as CD303 in the nomenclature of the Cluster of differentiation The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation o ...

, CLEC4D,

CLEC4E Macrophage inducible Ca2+-dependent lectin receptor, (abbreviated to Mincle), is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily encoded by the gene CLEC4E. It is a pattern recognition receptor that can recognize glycolipids including mycobacterial cord ...

, CLEC4F, CLEC4G, ASGR1 (CLEC4H1), ASGR2 (CLEC4H2), FCER2 (CLEC4J),

CD207 Langerin (CD207) is a type II transmembrane protein which is encoded by the ''CD207'' gene in humans. It was discovered by scientists Sem Saeland and Jenny Valladeau as a main part of Birbeck granules. Langerin is C-type lectin receptor on Langer ...

(CLEC4K),

CD209 DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) also known as CD209 (cluster of differentiation, Cluster of Differentiation 209) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''CD209'' gene. DC-SIGN is ...

(CLEC4L),

CLEC4M C-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC4M'' gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299 (cluster of differentiation 299). This gene encodes L-SIGN (liver/lymph node-specific intracellular adh ...

CLEC5A C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A), also known as C-type lectin superfamily member 5 (CLECSF5) and myeloid DAP12-associating lectin 1 (MDL-1) is a C-type lectin that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC5A'' gene. Structurally MDL-1 is ...

* CLEC6A *

CLEC7A C-type lectin domain family 7 member A or Dectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC7A'' gene. CLEC7A is a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II ...

OLR1 Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''OLR1'' gene. LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on endothelium, endo ...

(CLEC8A) *

CLEC9A C-type lectin domain family 9 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC9A gene. Function CLEC9A is a group V C-type lectin-like receptor Receptor may refer to: * Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on rece ...

CLEC10A C-type lectin domain family 10 member A (CLEC10A) also designated as CD301 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC10A'' gene. CLEC10A is part of the C-type lectin superfamily and binds to ''N''-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). It is m ...

CLEC11A C-type lectin domain family 11 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC11A'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. The encoded protein is a secreted sulfated glycoprotein and functions ...

* CLEC12A, CLEC12B *

CD302 The CD302 antigen also known as C-type lectin domain family 13 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD302'' gene. Function CD302 is a C-type lectin receptor involved in cell adhesion and migration, as well as endocytosis ...

(CLEC13A),

LY75 CD205 also called Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LY75'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''ge ...

(CLEC13B),

PLA2R1 Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLA2R1'' gene. Clinical significance M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is the major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy Membranous glomerulonephritis ...

(CLEC13C), MRC1 (CLEC13D), MRC2 (CLEC13E) * CLEC14A * CLEC16A * CLEC17A The "NK Cell lectin-like receptors" are a very closely related group: * KLRA1 *

KLRB1 Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161 (cluster of differentiation 161), is a human gene. Function Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines ...

(CLEC5B) * KLRC1, KLRC2, KLRC3, KLRC4 * KLRD1 * KLRF1 (CLEC5C) * KLRG1 (CLEC15A), KLRG2 (CLEC15B) * KLRK1 Additional proteins containing this domain include: * AGC1; ATRNL1 * BCAN *

CD248 Endosialin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD248'' gene. Endosialin is a member of the “Group XIV”, a novel family of C-type lectin transmembrane receptors which play a role not only in cell–cell adhesion processes but also i ...

;

CD72 CD7 (Cluster of Differentiation 7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD7'' gene. Function This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and matur ...

;

CD93 CD93 (Cluster of Differentiation 93) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD93'' gene. CD93 is a C-type lectin transmembrane receptor which plays a role not only in cell–cell adhesion processes but also in host defense. Family CD ...

;

CHODL Chondrolectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CHODL'' gene. Mouse chondrolectin is encoded by ''Chodl''. Structure Chondrolectin is a type I membrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain characteristic of C-type lecti ...

; CL-K1-Ia; CL-K1-Ib; CL-K1-Ic; CLECSF5;

COLEC10 Collectin-10, also known as collectin liver 1, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the ''COLEC10'' gene. Its structure is similar to mannan-binding lectin ( MBL). Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) show very similar carbohydrate selectivit ...

; COLEC11;

COLEC12 Collectin-12, also known as collectin subfamily member 12, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the ''COLEC12'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the collectin family, proteins that possess collagen-like sequences and ...

; CSPG3 * FCER2; FREM1; HBXBP; *

LAYN Torah reading (; ') is a Judaism, Jewish religion, religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Sefer Torah, Torah scroll. The term often refers to the entire ceremony of removing the scroll (or scrolls) fro ...

; LOC348174; LOC728276 * MAFA; MBL2; MGC34761;

MICL The enzyme methylisocitrate lyase () catalyzes the chemical reaction :(2''S'',3''R'')-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate \rightleftharpoons pyruvate + succinate The reaction is similar to that of isocitrate lyase, except that an additional ...

; MRC1L1 *

* PAP;

PKD1 Polycystin 1 (often abbreviated to PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PKD1'' gene. Mutations of ''PKD1'' are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys ...

; PKD1L2;

;

PRG2 Eosinophil major basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in humans by the ''PRG2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalli ...

; PRG3 *

REG1A Pancreatic Stone Protein (PSP), also known as Lithostathine-1-alpha islet cells regeneration factor (ICRF) or islet of Langerhans regenerating protein (REG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''REG1A'' gene as a single polypeptide of 144 ...

;

REG1B Lithostathine-1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''REG1B'' gene. Function This gene is a type I subclass member of the Reg gene family. The Reg gene family is a multigene family grouped into four subclasses, types I, II, III ...

;

REG3A Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (or Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha) formerly known as HIP/PAP (Hepatocarcinoma-Intestine-Pancreas/Pancreatitis-Associated Protein) and peptide 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ...

; REG3G;

REG4 Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''REG4'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gene ...

* SELE;

SELL Sell can refer to: People * Brenda Sell (born 1955), American martial arts instructor and highest ranking non-Korean female practitioner of taekwondo * Brian Sell (born 1978), American retired long-distance runner * Edward Sell (priest) (1839– ...

; SELP;

SFTPA1 Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SFTPA1'' gene. Summary SP-A1 is primarily synthesised in type II alveolar cells in the lung, as par ...

;

SFTPA2 Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene. Summary The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A2) is primarily synthesized in lung alve ...

;

SFTPA2B Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene. Summary The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A2) is primarily synthesized in lung alve ...

;

SFTPD Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of proteins called collectin. In humans, SP-D is encoded by the ''SFTPD'' gene and is part of the innate immune system. Each SP-D subunit is co ...

; SRCL *

THBD Thrombomodulin (TM), CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoa ...

VCAN Versican is a large extracellular matrix proteoglycan that is present in a variety of human tissues. It is encoded by the ''VCAN'' gene. Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with an apparent molecular mass of more than 1000kDa. I ...

References

External links

Functional Glycomics Gateway
a collaboration between the

Consortium for Functional Glycomics The Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG) is a large research initiative funded in 2001 by a glue grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) to “define paradigms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate ...

and

Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio (formerly known as Nature Publishing Group and Nature Research) is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in scien ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:C-Type Lectin Human proteins Protein domains Single-pass transmembrane proteins