A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of carbohydrate-binding

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

known as a lectin. The C-type designation is from their requirement for

calcium Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to ...

for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and

apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes incl ...

Classification

Drickamer ''et al.'' classified C-type lectins into 7 subgroups (I to VII) based on the order of the various protein domains in each protein. This classification was subsequently updated in 2002, leading to seven additional groups (VIII to XIV). Most recently, three further subgroups were added (XV to XVII). CLECs include: *

CLEC1A C-type lectin domain family 1 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC1A'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin, C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a c ...

, CLEC1B * CLEC2A, CLEC2B,

CD69 CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene. It is an early activation marker that is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, T cells, and many other cell types in the immune system. It is ...

(CLEC2C),

CLEC2D C-type lectin domain family 2 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC2D'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the natural killer cell receptor C-type lectin family. The encoded protein inhibits osteoclast formation and conta ...

, CLEC2L * CLEC3A, CLEC3B *

CLEC4A C-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC4A'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein ...

, CLEC4C, CLEC4D,

CLEC4E Macrophage inducible Ca2+-dependent lectin receptor, (abbreviated to Mincle), is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily encoded by the gene CLEC4E. It is a pattern recognition receptor that can recognize glycolipids including mycobacterial cord ...

, CLEC4F, CLEC4G, ASGR1 (CLEC4H1), ASGR2 (CLEC4H2), FCER2 (CLEC4J),

CD207 Langerin (CD207) is a type II transmembrane protein which is encoded by the ''CD207'' gene in humans. It was discovered by scientists Sem Saeland and Jenny Valladeau as a main part of Birbeck granules. Langerin is C-type lectin receptor on Langer ...

(CLEC4K),

CD209 DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) also known as CD209 ( Cluster of Differentiation 209) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''CD209'' gene. DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin receptor pr ...

(CLEC4L),

CLEC4M C-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC4M'' gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299 (cluster of differentiation The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or cl ...

CLEC5A C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A), also known as C-type lectin superfamily member 5 (CLECSF5) and myeloid DAP12-associating lectin 1 (MDL-1) is a C-type lectin that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC5A'' gene. Structurally MDL-1 is ...

* CLEC6A *

CLEC7A C-type lectin domain family 7 member A or Dectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC7A'' gene. CLEC7A is a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II ...

OLR1 Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''OLR1'' gene. LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on endothelium, endo ...

(CLEC8A) * CLEC9A *

CLEC10A C-type lectin domain family 10 member A (CLEC10A) also designated as CD301 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC10A'' gene. CLEC10A is part of the C-type lectin superfamily and binds to ''N''-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). It is m ...

CLEC11A C-type lectin domain family 11 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC11A'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. The encoded protein is a secreted sulfated glycoprotein and functions ...

* CLEC12A, CLEC12B *

CD302 The CD302 antigen also known as C-type lectin domain family 13 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD302'' gene. Function CD302 is a C-type lectin receptor involved in cell adhesion and migration, as well as endocytosis ...

(CLEC13A),

LY75 CD205 also called Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LY75'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''ge ...

(CLEC13B), PLA2R1 (CLEC13C), MRC1 (CLEC13D), MRC2 (CLEC13E) * CLEC14A * CLEC16A * CLEC17A The "NK Cell lectin-like receptors" are a very closely related group: * KLRA1 *

KLRB1 Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161 (cluster of differentiation 161), is a human gene. Function Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines ...

(CLEC5B) * KLRC1, KLRC2, KLRC3, KLRC4 * KLRD1 * KLRF1 (CLEC5C) * KLRG1 (CLEC15A), KLRG2 (CLEC15B) * KLRK1 Additional proteins containing this domain include: * AGC1; ATRNL1 * BCAN *

CD248 Endosialin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD248'' gene. Endosialin is a member of the “ Group XIV”, a novel family of C-type lectin transmembrane receptors which play a role not only in cell–cell adhesion processes but also ...

;

CD72 CD7 (Cluster of Differentiation 7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD7'' gene. Function This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and matur ...

;

CD93 CD93 (Cluster of Differentiation 93) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD93'' gene. CD93 is a C-type lectin transmembrane receptor which plays a role not only in cell–cell adhesion processes but also in host defense. Family CD ...

;

CHODL Chondrolectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CHODL'' gene. Mouse chondrolectin is encoded by ''Chodl''. Structure Chondrolectin is a type I membrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain characteristic of C-type lecti ...

; CL-K1-Ia; CL-K1-Ib; CL-K1-Ic; CLECSF5;

COLEC10 Collectin-10, also known as collectin liver 1, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the ''COLEC10'' gene. Its structure is similar to mannan-binding lectin ( MBL). Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) show very similar carbohydrate selectivit ...

; COLEC11;

COLEC12 Collectin-12, also known as collectin subfamily member 12, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the ''COLEC12'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the collectin family, proteins that possess collagen-like sequences and ...

; CSPG3 * FCER2; FREM1; HBXBP; *

LAYN Torah reading (; ') is a Judaism, Jewish religion, religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Sefer Torah, Torah scroll. The term often refers to the entire ceremony of removing the scroll (or scrolls) fro ...

; LOC348174; LOC728276 * MAFA; MBL2; MGC34761;

MICL The enzyme methylisocitrate lyase () catalyzes the chemical reaction :(2''S'',3''R'')-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate \rightleftharpoons pyruvate + succinate The reaction is similar to that of isocitrate lyase, except that an additional ...

; MRC1L1 *

* PAP;

PKD1 Polycystin 1 (often abbreviated to PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PKD1'' gene. Mutations of ''PKD1'' are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys ...

; PKD1L2; PLA2R1;

PRG2 Eosinophil major basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in humans by the ''PRG2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalli ...

; PRG3 * REG1A; REG1B;

REG3A Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (or Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha) formerly known as HIP/PAP (Hepatocarcinoma-Intestine-Pancreas/Pancreatitis-Associated Protein) and peptide 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ...

; REG3G;

REG4 Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''REG4'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gene ...

* SELE; SELL; SELP; SFTPA1; SFTPA2; SFTPA2B;

SFTPD Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of proteins called collectin. In humans, SP-D is encoded by the ''SFTPD'' gene and is part of the innate immune system. Each SP-D subunit is co ...

; SRCL * THBD * VCAN

References

External links

Functional Glycomics Gateway
a collaboration between the

Consortium for Functional Glycomics The Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG) is a large research initiative funded in 2001 by a glue grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) to “define paradigms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate ...

and

Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio (formerly known as Nature Publishing Group and Nature Research) is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in scien ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:C-Type Lectin Human proteins Protein domains Single-pass transmembrane proteins