Buborn is an ''
Ortsgemeinde
A Verbandsgemeinde (; plural Verbandsgemeinden) is a low-level administrative division, administrative unit in the Germany, German States of Germany, federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt. A Verbandsgemeinde is typically compose ...
'' – a
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
belonging to a ''
Verbandsgemeinde
A Verbandsgemeinde (; plural Verbandsgemeinden) is a low-level administrative unit in the German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt. A Verbandsgemeinde is typically composed of a small group of villages or towns.
Rhineland- ...
'', a kind of collective municipality – in the
Kusel
Kusel (; written ''Cusel'' until 1865) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Kusel-Altenglan ''Verbandsgemeinde'' and is also the district seat.
The well-known operatic tenor Fritz Wunderlich was ...
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
in
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; german: link=no, Rheinland-Pfalz ; lb, Rheinland-Pfalz ; pfl, Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. It belongs to the
''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies in the
North Palatine Uplands
The North Palatine Uplands (german: Nordpfälzer Bergland), sometimes shortened to Palatine Uplands (''Pfälzer Bergland''), is a low mountain range and landscape unit in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and belongs mainly to the Palat ...
in the Western
Palatinate. The village sits at an elevation of roughly 280 m above
sea level
Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised g ...
in a hollow on the banks of the Rötelbach at the edge of a plateau. Elevations around the village reach heights of about 350 m above sea level. The municipal area measures 287 ha, of which 6 ha is settled and 40 ha is wooded.
Neighbouring municipalities
Buborn borders in the northeast on the municipality of
Hausweiler
Hausweiler is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
...
, in the southeast on the municipality of
Wiesweiler
Wiesweiler is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
...
, in the south on the municipality of
Offenbach-Hundheim
Offenbach-Hundheim is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wol ...
, in the west on the municipality of
Deimberg
Deimberg is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
Ge ...
and in the northwest on the municipality of
Herren-Sulzbach
Herren-Sulzbach (“Lords’ Sulzbach”) is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgeme ...
. Buborn also meets the municipality of
Grumbach
Grumbach is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken-Wolfstein. ...
at a single point in the north.
Constituent communities
Also belonging to Buborn are three outlying ''
Aussiedlerhöfe
An ''Aussiedlerhof'' (plural: ''Aussiedlerhöfe''), also called an ''Aussiedlung'' (plural: ''Aussiedlungen'') is an agricultural concern in Germany, typically a farm, located outside a village and which has moved away from that village, usuall ...
'' (a farming settlement established most often after the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
).
Municipality’s layout
Buborn is a clump village that has been thrust together, one with old buildings, and with a north-south through road cutting through it. The small graveyard lies at the village's south end. All together, there is very little in the way of new building.
History
Antiquity
While it is assumed that the area around the village was already settled in
prehistoric times
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of ...
, there are no
archaeological
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
finds bearing witness to this. What is known, however, is that the foundations of a
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
villa rustica
Villa rustica () was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large ...
are to be found within the municipality. Unearthed there were wall remnants, urns and pots from Roman times. In this vicinity, too, it is likely that a village known as Guckenhausen later lay, although it is not thought that this represents a continuity in settlement from Roman times to the
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
.
Middle Ages
It is likely that Buborn arose in the later expansion phase that took hold in this area, thus in the 10th or 11th century. Until the early 12th century, the village belonged to the
Nahegau
The Nahegau was in the Middle Ages a county, which covered the environs of the Nahe and large parts of present-day Rhenish Hesse, after a successful expansion of the narrow territory, which did not reach the Rhine, to the disadvantage of the Worms ...
, and then to the County of the
Waldgrave
The noble family of the Waldgraves or Wildgraves (Latin: ''comites silvestres'') descended of a division of the House of the Counts of Nahegau in the year 1113.
When the (a countship named after the river Nahe) split into two parts in 1113 ...
s, who can be considered the Nahegau counts’ successors. From a judicial point of view, Buborn lay within the jurisdiction of the ''Hochgericht auf der Heide'' (“
High Court on the
Heath
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler ...
”). Records tell of a knight named Albert from the Nahegau, who in the early 12th century unrightfully took ownership of the Remigiusberg (a mountain with a like-named
monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...
). Later, though, after the
monk
A monk (, from el, μοναχός, ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decides to dedica ...
s had bought the mountain back, Albert himself took orders at the newly founded monastery there, and, among other things, bequeathed two estates in ''Buhrbur'' to it.
In 1319, the Waldgraves of Kyrburg raised a claim to the jurisdiction in Buborn, which also stretched out to the surrounding villages. At the Kyrburger Hof, an estate held by the Waldgraves of Kyrburg in the Buborn area, the Waldgraves held court (they called it the ''Eicher Gericht''). No sooner had Buborn ended up in the Waldgraves’ hands than a whole series of surrounding villages subject to the ''Hochgericht auf der Heide'' were pledged by Johann von Dhaun to the
County of Sponheim
The County of Sponheim (german: Grafschaft Sponheim, former spelling: Spanheim, Spanheym) was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire that lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century. The name comes from the municipality ...
-Starkenburg. It is known, however, that the village itself was pledged at this time as ''Hof in Bopporn'' (''Hof'' means “estate”) to Reinfried von Reipoltskirchen. The exact date of the deed is unknown. Nevertheless, Buborn was in his hands in 1408 when Waldgrave Gerhard V died. The pledge was further passed on in 1431 to Friedrich von Rüdesheim, Reinfried von Reipoltskirchen's son-in-law. Shortly thereafter, the Waldgraves must have redeemed the pledge, for in 1448, Waldgrave and Rhinegrave Gottfried zu Dhaun sold the village, along with others in the Grumbacher Tal (dale), while reserving the right to buy them back, to Count Palatine Stephan of Zweibrücken. The Waldgraves exercised this right in 1477. It is likely that in the early 16th century, Buborn belonged to the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves of Grumbach. In 1515, Buborn was firmly in this county's hands, and the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves of Grumbach thereby also held the jurisdiction. From this year comes a ''Weistum'' that states that both jurisdiction (that is, the court's power) and the lordship were held not by Kyrburg, but rather by ''Grombach'' (a ''Weistum'' –
cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymology, etymological ancestor in a proto-language, common parent language. Because language c ...
with
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
and early modern times).
The village's
mediaeval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
history, just like neighbouring
Herren-Sulzbach
Herren-Sulzbach (“Lords’ Sulzbach”) is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgeme ...
’s and the Schönborner Hof’s, is tightly bound with the
Knights of Saint John
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...
. The order’s original seat was the Schönborner Hof (estate) near
Homberg, before later moving to Herren-Sulzbach, and later still, in the 14th century, to their new administrative hub in Buborn, where they built a manor building that they then called the ''Commenturhof'' (“
Commendator's Estate”). The land where this once stood is today known in Buborn as the ''Kirchgarten'' (“Church Garden”).
The origin of the Knights of Saint John was a
hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emerge ...
for
pilgrim
A pilgrim (from the Latin ''peregrinus'') is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on Pilgrimage, a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journey (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the a ...
s and the sick in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
.
Raymond du Puy de Provence
Raymond du Puy (1083–1160) was a knight from Dauphiné in France and the second Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, also known as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, from around 1121 until 1160. Officially, he succeeded Blessed Gerard, th ...
(1083-1160), the order's first
Grand Master (1120-1160) enacted sometime about 1155 the order's first constitution. The order first quickly spread in Mediterranean Europe. Beginning in 1137, the Knights also took on the task of armed border protection, thereby becoming an ecclesiastical knightly order. In 1309, the order founded on the island of
Rhodes
Rhodes (; el, Ρόδος , translit=Ródos ) is the largest and the historical capital of the Dodecanese islands of Greece. Administratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Rhodes regional unit, which is part of the So ...
a sovereign knightly state. After the
Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
there was, besides the original
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
branch a new
Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
branch, the
Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the Hospital at Jerusalem, which persists to this day. Since 1859, the Catholic branch has borne the name Order of Malta.
Modern times
The presence of Knights of Saint John also characterized the history in the 16th and 17th centuries. Until the time of the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
, Buborn belonged to the Lordship of the Counts of Grumbach. During the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
, marauding troops repeatedly plundered the village, and only a few people survived the war. Likewise, the village suffered in
French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest.
Recent times
During the time of the French Revolution and the
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
ic era that followed, the German lands on the
Rhine
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
, source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source2_coordinates=
, so ...
’s left bank were
annexed
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
by France. Buborn then belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Grumbach, which was the seat of a like-named
canton, which itself belonged to the
Arrondissement
An arrondissement (, , ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, as well as the Netherlands.
Europe
France
The 101 French departments are divided into 342 ''arrondissements' ...
of Birkenfeld in the
Department
Department may refer to:
* Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility
Government and military
*Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
of
Sarre (''Département de la Sarre''). In 1793,
French Revolutionary troops advanced through the
Glan valley and quartered themselves in villages near Grumbach, including Buborn, leading to abuses by the troops against the local populace. After French rule ended, the
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
established the
Principality of Lichtenberg
The Principality of Lichtenberg (german: Fürstentum Lichtenberg) on the Nahe River was an exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1816 to 1826 and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826 to 1834, when it was sold to the Kingdom o ...
in 1816, which was awarded as a newly created
exclave
An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...
to the Duchy of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld () was one of the Saxon Duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin Dynasty. Established in 1699, the Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield line lasted until the reshuffle of the Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinct ...
, which as of 1826 became the Duchy of
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (german: Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha), or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (german: Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, links=no ), was an Ernestine, Thuringian duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-d ...
. In 1834, the duchy sold this principality to the Kingdom of
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
. Within Prussia's
Rhine Province
The Rhine Province (german: Rheinprovinz), also known as Rhenish Prussia () or synonymous with the Rhineland (), was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946. It ...
, it formed the district of Sankt Wendel, which was in turn divided into several ''
Ämter''. Within the district of Sankt Wendel, Buborn belonged to the ''Amt'' of Grumbach. Later, after the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
stipulated, among other things, that 26 of the Sankt Wendel district's 94 municipalities had to be ceded to the
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
- and French-
occupied
' (Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 October ...
Saar
Saar or SAAR has several meanings:
People Given name
*Saar Boubacar (born 1951), Senegalese professional football player
* Saar Ganor, Israeli archaeologist
*Saar Klein (born 1967), American film editor
Surname
* Ain Saar (born 1968), Est ...
. The remaining 68 municipalities then bore the designation “Restkreis St. Wendel-Baumholder”, with the first syllable of ''Restkreis'' having the same meaning as in English, in the sense of “left over”. Buborn belonged to this district until 1937, when it was transferred to the
Birkenfeld district. In 1969, it was transferred, this time to the Kusel district, in which it remains today. After the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the village at first lay within the ''
Regierungsbezirk
A ' () means "governmental district" and is a type of administrative division in Germany. Four of sixteen ' ( states of Germany) are split into '. Beneath these are rural and urban districts.
Saxony has ' (directorate districts) with more res ...
'' of Koblenz in the then newly founded
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; german: link=no, Rheinland-Pfalz ; lb, Rheinland-Pfalz ; pfl, Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the ...
. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1968, the ''Amt'' of Grumbach was dissolved. On New Year's Day 1972, Buborn passed to the newly founded
''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken, and at the same time from the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz to the newly founded ''Regierungsbezirk'' of
Rheinhessen-Pfalz
Rheinhessen-Pfalz (rarely anglicized as "Rhine-Hesse-Palatinate") was one of the three ''Regierungsbezirke'' of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the south of the state. It was created in 1968 out of ''Regierungsbezirke'' Rheinhessen and ...
, which has since been dissolved.
Population development
The village has a rural structure to this day. Until a few decades ago, most of the villagers earned their livelihoods in
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...
. Besides farmers, there were also farmhands, forestry workers, quarrymen and a few craftsmen. There were hardly any other jobs to be had. Even today, the municipal area is under agricultural use. Nevertheless, a great number of people in Buborn need to seek work outside the village. As early as 1955, out of 52 members of the workforce, 46 held jobs outside the village. Worthy of note is that Buborn's population rose less markedly than neighbouring
Homberg's in the course of the 19th century, and since the turn of the 20th century, Buborn's population has remained hardly changed.
The following table shows population development over the centuries for Buborn:
Municipality’s name
About 1120, the village was mentioned in a document as ''Burbur'', and in a 1290 original document as ''Hof zu Bopure'' (the first two words meaning “estate at”). The name's form underwent a number of changes in older documents: ''Buhrbur'' (1127), ''Buppura'' (1152 and 1154), ''Potbor'' (1315), ''Butbure'' (1351), ''Boppren'' (1459), and in the local speech ''Buwere''. Only in 1797 did the current name Buborn appear. The first syllable is drawn from a personal name, “Burdo” or “Burto”, while the placename ending, although resembling the common placename ending ''—born'', apparently does not mean “
spring
Spring(s) may refer to:
Common uses
* Spring (season), a season of the year
* Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy
* Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water
* Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a ...
”, but rather “house” or “dwelling” (the root still appears in the
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
word ''Vogelbauer'', meaning “birdcage”, and it even has a
cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymology, etymological ancestor in a proto-language, common parent language. Because language c ...
in
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
: “bower”). Thus, the name may be interpreted as meaning “Burdo’s house”.
Vanished villages
Rural cadastral names within Buborn's limits point to a former village named “Guckenhausen”. This village, whose former existence is only assumed, may well have been older than Buborn, but its name never appears in any
mediaeval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
documents, but rather is only attested in these rural names. The ending means “house” while the prefix is drawn from a personal name, “Gucko” or “Kucko”. Thus, the name may be interpreted as meaning “Gucko’s house” or “Gucko’s small settlement”.
Religion
From the
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
, Buborn belonged to the parish of the neighbouring village of
Herren-Sulzbach
Herren-Sulzbach (“Lords’ Sulzbach”) is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgeme ...
. Buborn has never had its own church. Beginning in the 14th century, though, the
Knights of Saint John
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...
kept their administrative seat here. The Order also owned considerable lands, and had likewise established a location in
Meisenheim
Meisenheim () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', and is also its seat. Meisenheim is a state-recognized recreational resort (''Erholungsort'') and it is s ...
. In the time of the
Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
, the Knights lost all their influence in the parish of Herren-Sulzbach. In 1556, the Reformation was introduced into Buborn, and then, that same year, the Knights, under their Grand Master, Prince Georg von Schilling, first pledged the greater part of their holdings to the Lordship of the Grumbachs under Rhinegrave Philipp Franz. In the early 17th century, the Grumbachs gained full ownership of these pledged holdings and paid a price of 3,200 ''Gulden''. In 1606, the ''Commenturhof'' at Buborn likewise passed into the Grumbachs’ ownership, only to be forthwith passed by them to landholder Boso Strauß von Herren-Sulzbach, receiving in return from him the Schönborner Hof. Although the Knights of Saint John kept up their presence in the domains of the
Evangelical Church
Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being " born again", in which an individual exper ...
, they could no longer hold their own in
Herren-Sulzbach
Herren-Sulzbach (“Lords’ Sulzbach”) is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgeme ...
. In the Waldgravial-Rhinegravial House of Grumbach, the Evangelical parish of Herren-Sulzbach was founded in 1556. Belonging thereto right from the beginning were all villages in the ''
Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'' of Grumbach but the ones lying on the river
Glan. Until the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
, all villagers were Evangelical. Later, the lordship had to tolerate other denominations, although thus far none has gained any truly meaningful numbers.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by
majority vote
A majority, also called a simple majority or absolute majority to distinguish it from related terms, is more than half of the total.Dictionary definitions of ''majority'' aMerriam-Webster
arms
Arms or ARMS may refer to:
*Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body
Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to:
People
* Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader
Coat of arms or weapons
*Armaments or weapons
**Fi ...
might be described thus: Per bend sinister Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure and azure a handpump-well argent.
The lion
charge
Charge or charged may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Films
* '' Charge, Zero Emissions/Maximum Speed'', a 2011 documentary
Music
* ''Charge'' (David Ford album)
* ''Charge'' (Machel Montano album)
* ''Charge!!'', an album by The Aqu ...
on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is an heraldic device formerly borne by the village's
mediaeval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
lords, the
Waldgrave
The noble family of the Waldgraves or Wildgraves (Latin: ''comites silvestres'') descended of a division of the House of the Counts of Nahegau in the year 1113.
When the (a countship named after the river Nahe) split into two parts in 1113 ...
s. The charge on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the handpump-well, is a
canting
' (IPA: , VOS Spelling: ''tjanting'', jv, ꦕꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦁ, Tjanting) is a pen-like tool used to apply liquid hot wax ( jv, ) in the batik-making process in Indonesia, more precisely '' batik tulis'' (lit. "written batik"). Traditional ''T ...
element and refers to the latter syllable in the village's name, ''—born'', which, although historically referring to a spring, can also refer to a well (the more usual form is ''Brunnen''). This is, nevertheless, a false assumption. Historically, the last syllable in the village's name refers to a dwelling, not a well.
The arms have been borne since 23 July 1964 when they were approved by
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; german: link=no, Rheinland-Pfalz ; lb, Rheinland-Pfalz ; pfl, Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the ...
’s Ministry of the Interior.
Culture and sightseeing
Regular events
Buborn’s
kermis
Kermesse, or kermis, or kirmess, is a Dutch language term derived from 'kerk' (church) and 'mis' (mass) that became borrowed in English, French, Spanish and many other languages, originally denoting the mass said on the anniversary of the foundat ...
(church consecration festival) is held each year on the third weekend in July. Old customs, such as were formerly practised in all villages in the Glan region, are seldom if at all observed today.
Clubs
Buborn has long enjoyed its men’s singing club and its
gymnastic
Gymnastics is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, dedication and endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, shoul ...
club.
Economy and infrastructure
Economic structure
In the time following the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the number of
agricultural
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...
operations shrank dramatically, though lands useful to agriculture remained mostly intact. The farming operations that did not shut down therefore expanded. Primary occupations, though, became secondary occupations. For the last decade or so, however, farms have gradually been being given up.
Education
As in all the other villages in the ''
Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'' of Grumbach, there likewise arose in Buborn in the late 16th century, owing to the effect of the Reformation, efforts to teach children to
read and write. At first, though, schoolchildren had to attend classes in neighbouring
Herren-Sulzbach
Herren-Sulzbach (“Lords’ Sulzbach”) is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgeme ...
. There, lessons for all the parish’s schoolchildren were taught at a herdsman’s house. Only about 1814 did every village get its own school. Buborn’s tiny schoolroom was only equipped with two tables. A further, smaller room next door served the teacher as a dwelling. Only in 1865 did the municipality have its own
one-room school
One-room schools, or schoolhouses, were commonplace throughout rural portions of various countries, including Prussia, Norway, Sweden, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. In most rural and s ...
house built. On this schoolhouse hung a bell with the inscription “''Wer mich nimmt verliert''” (“He who takes me loses”). This warning was even enough to dissuade the
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
from seizing the bell to use its metal in the war effort, and unlike many other bells, it was still there by the time the Second World War ended. The one-room schoolhouse lasted until the late 1960s. Thereafter,
primary school
A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...
pupils attended the Grumbach-Hoppstädten primary school, which itself lasted until 2010, whereas the
Hauptschule
A ''Hauptschule'' (, "general school") is a secondary school in Germany, starting after four years of elementary schooling (''Grundschule''), which offers Lower Secondary Education (Level 2) according to the International Standard Classification ...
students began attending school in
Lauterecken
Lauterecken () is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein, to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname ''Veldenzstadt'', after the comital family t ...
right away. Once the old primary school closed, the primary school pupils, too, began attending school there. The Lauterecken
Gymnasium’s buildings stand only a few kilometres from Buborn.
Transport
Buborn lies on ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 37, which links it to ''
Bundesstraße
''Bundesstraße'' (German for "federal highway"), abbreviated ''B'', is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.
Germany
Germany's ''Bundesstraßen'' network has a total length of about 40,000 km.
German ''Bundesstraßen'' ...
'' 270. To the southeast runs ''Bundesstraße'' 420, which can be reached over ''Kreisstraßen'' 37 and then 63. The nearest
Autobahn
The (; German plural ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official German term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track'. ...
interchange, near
Kusel
Kusel (; written ''Cusel'' until 1865) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Kusel-Altenglan ''Verbandsgemeinde'' and is also the district seat.
The well-known operatic tenor Fritz Wunderlich was ...
, is 25 km away. Serving
Lauterecken
Lauterecken () is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein, to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname ''Veldenzstadt'', after the comital family t ...
, some 5 km away, is a
railway station
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
on the ''
Lautertalbahn
The Lauter Valley Railway (german: Lautertalbahn) is a branch line in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It runs from Kaiserslautern along the Lauter river to Lauterecken. The railway, which was opened in 1883, has only regional importan ...
''.
Transport
/ref>
References
External links
Buborn in the collective municipality’s webpages
{{authority control
Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Kusel (district)